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Biomedical subjects

A Carlotti

Publications and source records attributed to A Carlotti.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Chicken pox and acute monocytic leukaemia skin lesions in an HIV-seropositive man.

Lymphoid neoplasia is now well known to occur in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but the first case of acute monocytic leukaemia in an HIV-seropositive man has been only recently described. We report the case of an HIV-infected patient who simultaneously developed skin lesions of acute monocytic leukaemia and chicken pox. We suggest that HIV may produce a malignant transformation of monocytic cells.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Typing of Candida krusei clinical isolates by restriction endonuclease analysis and hybridization with CkF1,2 DNA probe.

The use of restriction endonuclease analysis and Southern hybridization with our new CkF1,2 DNA probe, cold labeled with peroxidase, for the typing of Candida krusei isolates has been investigated. Fifty-five clinical samples isolated from forty-five patients hospitalized in eight centers, one environmental strain, and two reference strains were evaluated. Patterns were analyzed by a computer-assisted method and compared by numerical analysis. Clearer and less ambiguous patterns were obtained by restriction with endonuclease HinfI. It generated 9 to 14 (average, 11) well-separated fragments in the range of 6.5 to 2.0 kb. Both their numbers and sizes varied greatly among the strains studied. The CkF1,2 probe hybridized with one to seven fragments of HinfI patterns. A total of 48 distinct types were distinguished among the 58 strains studied. HinfI and CkF1,2 patterns showed similarities of less than 83 and 75% for unrelated strains and more than 91 and 100% for related strains, respectively. The methods showed 100% typeability, 98% reproducibility, and a discriminatory power of 1. C. krusei isolates from each patient were distinct, whether from one hospital or from different hospitals. Multiple isolates from the same patient were identical, both over time and at different anatomic sites. An endogenous origin is suggested for the colonizing and infecting isolates among the 45 patients. The CkF1,2 probe enhanced discrimination of the strains and provided a definitive comparison for strain identity. Genetic linkages between isolates were assessed at the subspecies level, and 12 clusters were delineated. A typing scheme is proposed for epidemiological studies of C. krusei.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1994

Differentiation of Brevibacterium spp. encountered in clinical specimens.

Forty-three strains belonging to the genus Brevibacterium which were encountered in clinical materials over 2 decades were compared with reference strains, including the type strains, of B. casei, B. epidermidis, B. mcbrellneri, B. iodinum, and B. linens. By means of carbohydrate assimilation tests (CATs) the 43 clinical isolates could be assigned to the species B. casei (n = 41) and B. epidermidis (n = 2). DNA-DNA hybridizations were performed for 20 clinical isolates and confirmed the species identification of the isolates. Cellular fatty acid profiles of all strains were determined and found to have less discriminative power than CATs. This is the first report indicating that most clinical Brevibacterium isolates are B. casei and that CATs provide an easy-to-perform method for species determination within the genus, thus avoiding nucleic acid techniques.

Brevibacterium↗
PubMed1994

[Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome].

The Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome (BOS) is a rare connective tissue disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern characterized by cutaneous lesions, dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata, and osteopoikilosis. We report a new case of this syndrome in a 66 year old man, interesting by its association with a protein C deficiency, another rare genetically transmitted disease. Diagnosis of the BOS is difficult on the mere cutaneous lesions; it is therefore important to systematically practice bone X-rays in the presence of atypical pseudoxanthoma elasticum, disseminated collagenoma or disseminated connective tissue or elastic nevi. The radiologically detectable osteopoikilotic bone lesions, evoking Paget's disease, easily sign the diagnosis. In our case, the association of a protein C deficiency with the BOS may not be fortuitous because both the elastin and protein C genes are localized on chromosome 2q.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Autoimmune pemphigus. A distinct staining pattern with an anti-desmoglein antibody.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Diagnosis of autoimmune pemphigus is based on the immunodetection of IgG deposits in the epidermal intercellular spaces. Desmoglein is a desmosomal component that has been assumed to be the antigen of pemphigus foliaceus. We investigated the use of one monoclonal antibody (32-2B) to desmoglein 1 on paraffin sections. Twenty-nine pemphigus samples were studied (22 pemphigus vulgaris, seven pemphigus foliaceus). RESULTS: In 29 patients suffering from autoimmune pemphigus, the staining for desmoglein was represented by coarse granules along the cytoplasmic borders of epithelial cells in lesional and perilesional skin and in mucous membranes. This peculiar staining is different from the fine dots along the cytoplasmic membrane observed in normal skin. This abnormal staining seems to be specific for pemphigus. Hereditary acantholytic diseases and other diseases such as bullous pemphigoid, intraepidermal IgA dermatosis, eczema, herpes, and transient acantholytic dermatosis show a similar pattern to normal skin. CONCLUSION: The use of 32-2B on biopsy specimens in cases of autoimmune pemphigus demonstrated a specific staining pattern. It could be used on paraffin sections as a diagnostic test of autoimmune pemphigus. It can even be done retrospectively.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1993

Identification of some clinically significant actinomycetes.

Early recognition of infections caused by actinomycetes tend to be highly dependent on at least a tentative diagnosis derived from microbiological tests, since the clinical symptoms can be difficult to interpret. Reliable identification of clinically significant actinomycetes depends upon the application of taxonomic techniques that are not yet widely used in clinical laboratories. The value of rapid enzyme, chemical and molecular fingerprinting techniques is exemplified by their application to the identification of representatives of clinically significant actinomycete taxa.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1993

Chemotaxonomy and molecular taxonomy of some coryneform clinical isolates.

Six reference strains of the genus Brevibacterium as well as fifteen clinical isolates tentatively assigned to the genus using conventional biochemical methods, were the subject of chemotaxonomic and DNA similarity studies. Five of these clinical isolates were assigned either to the genera Aureobacterium, Mycobacterium, Gordona or to Rhodococcus on the basis of their DNA mol% G+C, mycolic acid, amino-acid, sugar and menaquinone contents. Among the ten remaining strains, six were not brevibacteria and only four conformed to the description of the genus Brevibacterium sensu stricto. These strains showed low values of DNA relatedness with Brevibacterium epidermidis ATCC 35514T and Brevibacterium linens ATCC 9174, and could only be described as Brevibacterium spp. The results indicate that studies of chemical markers are essential for the correct identification of brevibacteria.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1993

Candida albicans genotyping in studies with patients with AIDS developing resistance to fluconazole.

We characterized Candida albicans strains responsible for recurrent oropharyngeal candidosis (OPC) in four patients with AIDS who developed clinical and mycological resistance to fluconazole (FCZ). Karyotype and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses were performed on the clonal populations to differentiate relapse from reinfection, and the results were assessed with those of serotype and FCZ MICs. Despite the polymorphism in chromosomal bands larger than 2.2 Mbp related to an intraclonal variation, karyotype analysis showed a single strain type attributable to each patient. On the other hand, EcoRI and HinfI restriction fragments revealed a polymorphism for one patient between the first sample and the subsequent ones, relevant to the acquisition of a new strain causing the following episodes of OPC. This result coincided with switching of the serotype and with the acquisition of a resistance to FCZ. For the other three patients, the similarity of the DNA electrophoretic patterns and the serotype of the samples suggested that recurrence can be due to the initial strain that generates FCZ resistance. Although useful for epidemiological studies, molecular typing methods seem to be inadequate to detect the acquisition of FCZ resistance.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

[Erythroderma induced by teicoplanin].

We report the case of a 38-year old man who developed erythroderma during treatment with teicoplanin for staphylococcal septicaemia. The clinical symptoms, which included high fever, shock and erythroderma, were suggestive of staphylococcal toxic shock. After teicoplanin was withdrawn and replaced by vancomycin the disease followed a favourable course. The reintroduction test was positive. This case illustrates the problems associated with the diagnosis of erythroderma in intensive care patients and confirms that it is possible to prescribe vancomycin in cases with allergic reaction to teicoplanin.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Nasal anatomy and maxillary surgery. III. Surgical techniques for correction of nasal deformities in patients undergoing maxillary surgery.

This is the third part of a three-part series about the influence of maxillary surgery on the nose. In part I a systematic description of the esthetic evaluation of the nasofacial region on an anatomic basis was presented and discussed. In part II select cases that illustrated various unfavorable nasolabial changes following Le Fort I osteotomies were presented. Based on the principles presented in parts I and II, part III describes specific surgical techniques for patients undergoing maxillary surgery to (1) prevent unesthetic nasolabial changes; (2) concomitantly correct pre-existing nasal deformities; and (3) identify patients in whom secondary rhinoplasty should be considered.

Adolescent↗