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Biomedical subjects

A Carlioz

Publications and source records attributed to A Carlioz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Induction of flare-ups of chronic progressive polyarthritis in mice after injection of type II homologous collagen].

Immunization by heterologous type II collagen induces in mice a sudden onset of subacute polyarthritis. In order to form a model of auto-immune pathology, we immunized DBA/1 mice with homologous type II collagen extracted from mice xiphoid process; the induced disease corresponds to a progressive chronic polyarthritis with bouts interspersed with remissions, and predominates especially in males. Type II anti-collagen auto-antibodies are found in the serum, with no correlation between the level of mice type II anti-collagen immunoglobulins G and the clinical manifestations of the disease. The histological study demonstrates signs of hyperplastic villous synovitis, with a discrete and infrequent infiltration with mononuclear cells. The model that is obtained is similar to rheumatoid polyarthritis, but also to spondylo-arthropathies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Isolation of superoxide dismutase mutants in Escherichia coli: is superoxide dismutase necessary for aerobic life?

Mu transposons carrying the chloramphenicol resistance marker have been inserted into the cloned Escherichia coli genes sodA and sodB coding for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) respectively, creating mutations and gene fusions. The mutated sodA or sodB genes were introduced into the bacterial chromosome by allelic exchange. The resulting mutants were shown to lack the corresponding SOD by activity measurements and immunoblot analysis. Aerobically, in rich medium, the absence of FeSOD or MnSOD had no major effect on growth or sensitivity to the superoxide generator, paraquat. In minimal medium aerobic growth was not affected, but the sensitivity to paraquat was increased, especially in the sodA mutant. A sodA sodB double mutant completely devoid of SOD was also obtained. It was able to grow aerobically in rich medium, its catalase level was unaffected and it was highly sensitive to paraquat and hydrogen peroxide; the double mutant was unable to grow aerobically on minimal glucose medium. Growth could be restored by removing oxygen, by providing an SOD-overproducing plasmid or by supplementing the medium with the 20 amino acids. It is concluded that the total absence of SOD in E. coli creates a conditional sensitivity to oxygen.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1986

[Double mitral orifice. An anatomical case].

A double mitral orifice was discovered at autopsy in a 74 year old woman. Death resulted after several episodes of cardiac failure complicating mixed mitral and aortic valve disease. A vertical limbus bridged the mitral annulus separating it into two distinct right and left orifices, with oblique long axes aligned towards the lower part of the limbus perpendicular to each other from the left atrial view. After opening the left ventricle, both orifices were observed to have their own sets of chordae tendinae attached to normal papillary muscles: the right orifice to the posterior and the left to the anterior papillary muscle. The inferior end of the limbus was attached to a supplementary papillary muscle. Echocardiography and CT scanning were performed before dissection. This malformation results from symphysis of the mid parts of the two mitral leaflets during embryonic stages 15 and 16 (8-10 mm vertex-coccyx, 31st-33rd days).

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Induction of arthritis in mice by injection of homologous type II collagen].

Immunization with heterologous type II collagen (CII) induces arthritis in DBA/1 mice, a strain genetically susceptible to this disease. In order to develop an experimental model of autoimmunity more adequate for the study of human Rheumatoid Arthritis, DBA/1 mice were injected with homologous native CII. About 6 weeks later, the animals developed a chronic progressive polyarthritis assessed by clinical observations and histologic examination. The incidence of arthritis as well as the severity of the disease are clearly higher in males. Conversely, the secretion of autoantibodies raised against mouse CII is correlated neither with sex nor with activity score of the arthritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Hip surgery: local tissue reactions].

Present extent of total hip prostheses, protracted course of first operations lead to pathological studies on local tissue reactions, sign of the failure or of the damaging of the artificial hip. Another pathology, often as intricate, is observed after more conservative surgery: high femoral osteotomies, cup arthroplasties, femoral metallic prostheses. Failure of an high femoral osteotomy shows a running of osteoarthritic lesions the topography of which is always modified by the new orientation of the articular bearing segment. Osteosclerosis, osteoarthritic cysts may develop on a preexisting osteophytosis. Osteonecrosis or bone resorption are sometimes found. Anatomical results in case of a successful osteotomy are scarce. Fibrous layer eventually quoted as a guide to the development of fibrocartilage is more often associated with osteoclast mediated bone loss. Efficient bone remodelling is assumed only, today, by radiological proof. Failures of cup arthroplasties induce femoral bone or acetabular cartilage lesions which are different according to the surgical technic. Some are marked by cartilage destruction of the acetabula or by a cup dislodgement. Bone structure in those cases shows under the cup a good remodelling with a fibrous or fibrocartilaginous mantle originating from the bone marrow spaces and the capsular attachment. In other cases, the femoral head presents areas of superficial or total osteonecrosis, signs of intense osteoclastic activity, cleaving of the fibrous surface and eventually metallic debris or cement induced histiocytic granuloma. A fibrous layer may develop between the cup and the acetabula. Femoral metallic prostheses may damage in some years cartilage of the acetabula. Osteoarthritic bone remodelling is sometimes observed in close contact with the metallic collar. Lesions of capsular tissues are eventually represented by metallic debris or an histiocytic granuloma due to cement anchorage. Material received at the time of surgical revision on total hip arthroplasties concerns chiefly the newly formed capsular and synovial tissues. Their appearance is quite similar to the tissular layers found between prosthetic material and bone or cement. For the pathologist, main inquiries are the rule out of an infection, the extent and course of the macrophage or giant cell response, the nature of wear debris or of the products of corrosion and the histological factors contributing to the loosening of the prosthetic components. It should be stressed that any physiopathological schedule of an artificial hip failure is a topographical and dynamic problem only partly resolved by studying autopsy material.

Arthroplasty↗
PubMed1983

[Fibrosarcoma of bone].

The authors have treated forty-five cases of fibrosarcoma of bone between 1949 and 1979. Tumours with chondrogenesis or osteogenesis to any extent have been excluded from the study. The conclusions are that fibrosarcoma represent 10 p. 100 of all bone tumours. Microscopy was difficult and in some cases it was not easy to determine both the fibroblastic origin and the presence of malignancy. Eight per cent of the tumours were primary and 20 p. 100 secondary. The global results indicated 40 p. 100 survival after five years. Twenty-four cases were treated by amputation of which twenty-two were followed up and fifteen were alive after five years. In nine cases, resection was performed. Recurrence occurred in five cases, three of which had to be amputated of which two survived. Two others were treated by irradiation without success. Ten cases were treated primarily by irradiation of which only three survived after heavy dosage. Proximally situated tumours had a very poor prognosis with no survival. The prognosis appeared to be better in those under forty years of age (55 p. 100 survival) than over forty years (11 p. 100 survival).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[An experimental study of bioglass implants in bone (author's transl)].

The tolerance and response of bone to bioglass have been studied using implants of various chemical constitution in animals. Glass discs were inserted between the inner and outer tables of the skull in 32 rabbits and small glass stick were implanted in the medullary cavity of long bones in 6 dogs. The results were analysed between 6 and 18 months later. High resolution radiographs and histopathological examination were performed. Some glass behaves like an inert material but other specimens are biodegradable and induce a satisfactory bone response in adjacent bone. Any new bone formation does not follow the classical stages of connective tissue, cartilage and woven bone. Bioglass is more suitable for bone than many other materials now in use and further applications in orthopaedic surgery may be considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Chronic polyarthrosynovitis in the goat: histological and physicochemical study of an animal model of apatite crystallopathic rheumatism].

The aim of this paper is to describe clinical pattern and pathogenesis of spontaneous chronic polyarthritis observed in Swiss goats. Roentgenograms, histologic findings, ultrastructural study and microprobe analysis of synovium samples show apatite microcrystal deposit ion. Thus this spontaneous goat disease may be related to apatite microcrystal deposit ion disease in man, so called crystallopathic-hydroxyapatite rheumatism.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Acute chondrolysis following slipped capital femoral epiphysis. A study of 41 cases (author's transl)].

The authors have seen 41 instances of chondrolysis following slipped capital femoral epiphyses. Most of the cases were followed-up for more than five years. The main clinical features are reviewed. There is joint stiffness and generalised narrowing of the joint space during the year following the initial lesion. The evolution of the lesion is unpredictable. A number of possible radiological changes may develop including renewal of the joint space, modifications in the femoral head with a tendency towards protrusio, and osteophyte formation at the lateral margins of the acetabulum. In five cases a biopsy was performed which showed a non-specific dystrophy of the acetabular and femoral cartilage, with sub-chondral bony change different from that found in epiphyseal necrosis. The synovium did not show inflammatory change. The treatment should not be surgical at an early stage but the effectiveness of traction was uncertain. Later, corrective osteotomies may be indicated. Definitive surgical procedures such as arthrodesis or arthroplasty should not be made early because late clinical recovery has been noted. Cup arthroplasties gave deceptive results. The etiology of this disease is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Bone metastasis simulating a chondrosarcoma (author's transl)].

The authors report three cases of bone tumours, two in the scapula and one in the pelvis, which simulated chondrosarcoma on radiological examination. After biopsy it was concluded that they were metastases secondary to carcinoma of the bladder in one case and of unknown origin in the other two.

Adenocarcinoma↗