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Biomedical subjects

A Carbone

Publications and source records attributed to A Carbone.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Immunohistochemical evaluation of multiple biological markers in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

In order to obtain prognostic clinicopathological information, 49 cases of pure ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS), were evaluated for the immunohistochemical expression of potential predictor markers including c-erbB-2 oncogene product, p53 protein, oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, oestrogen-regulated proteins pS2 and cathepsin-D (cath-D), CD44 protein and 67-kDa laminin receptor (MLuC5). Immunohistochemical findings were compared with conventional pathological parameters, clinical findings, and the clinical outcome of the patients. When markers were matched to each other, statistical analyses provided a significant positive correlation between c-erbB-2 overexpression and p53 positivity (P < 0.01) and between ER and PR (P < 0.01), ER, PR and pS2 (P < 0.01), pS2 and MLuC5 (P < 0.05). Significant negative correlations between c-erbB-2 overexpression and ER (P < 0.05), PR (P < 0.01) and pS2 (P < 0.01) positivity was also observed. Data on the relationship between marker status and pathological findings revealed a significant positive trend between c-erbB-2, p53, and increased grade values (P < 0.05) and opposite results with PR receptor expression (P < 0.01). c-erbB-2 overexpression was further significantly associated with comedotype carcinoma (P < 0.05) and distribution of disease in confluent neoplastic ducts (P < 0.01). Although no statistically significant correlation among biological markers expression, clinical findings and outcome was demonstrated, overall this study indicates that tumour cells from a subset of DCIS, which includes comedotype carcinoma, express significantly unfavourable prognostic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Immunophenotypic and molecular analyses of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related and Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphomas: a comparative study.

Limited information is current available on the molecular and immunophenogenotypic characteristics of CD30-positive anaplastic large cell (ALC) lymphomas occurring in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. To address this issue, the authors have undertaken a combined analysis of these lymphomas in a comparison with other Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors in the setting of HIV infection. Twenty-one AIDS-related lymphomas, including five CD30-positive ALC and 11 small noncleaved cell (SNCC) lymphomas, and five Hodgkin's disease (HD) specimens were characterized regarding the immunophenogenotypic features, the frequency and subtype distribution of EBV (as defined by in situ hybridization [ISH], Southern blot, and a polymerase chain reaction [PCR] amplification of the EBV nuclear antigen-2 [EBNA-2] region) antigen expression (latent membrane protein-1 [LMP-1], EBNA-2, and for alterations of the tumor suppressor gene p53. Combined immunophenotypic and immunogenotypic analyses showed a derivation from anomalously matured B cells in four of five CD30-positive ALC lymphomas, whereas SNCC showed features of mature B cells; no evidence of immunoglobulin or TCR gene rearrangement could be obtained in HD cases. Combined ISH and Southern blot analyses revealed that EBV was more strictly associated with HD (five of five) and CD30-positive ALC lymphomas (four of five) than with SNCC lymphomas (four of 11). EBV-positive samples from CD30-positive ALC lymphomas carried type 1 EBV (two of two specimens tested), whereas both EBV subtypes were observed in SNCC lymphomas and HD samples. All three forms of viral latent gene expression were found in the EBV positive CD30-positive ALC lymphomas. SNCC specimens did not express LMP-1 or EBNA-2, whereas HD specimens expressed LMP-1 (four of five tested) but no EBNA-2. Immunostaining for ZEBRA was consistently negative. HHV-6 DNA sequences were detected by PCR in one SNCC of the 19 specimens analyzed. Three out of five CD30-positive ALC lymphoma specimens and six of 10 SNCC showed nuclear staining for p53. No mutation was detected in any of the three CD30-positive Alc lymphoma analyzed, whereas an aberrant SSCP pattern was found in all the four SNCC samples tested. At variance with SNCC lymphomas, AIDS-related B-cell CD30- positive ALC lymphomas are strictly associated with EBV infection and may also express the broad lymphoblastoid cell line-like (LMP-1-positive, EBNA-2-positive) pattern, and lack p53 genetic lesions. Unlike EBV, HHV-6 probably does not represent a relevant factor involved in the pathogenesis of CD30-positive ALC and other HIV related lymphomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus DNA sequences in AIDS-related and AIDS-unrelated lymphomatous effusions.

Primary effusions presenting as the sole lymphoma localization are also known as body-cavity-based-lymphoma (BCBL), and have been shown to carry Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) DNA sequences. The aim of this study was a comparative analysis of the clinical, pathologic and molecular features of BCBL and lymphomatous effusions secondary to tissue-based lymphomas occurring both in the general population and in HIV-1-infected individuals. All the lymphomatous effusion samples (seven AIDS-related and nine AIDS-unrelated) were subjected to an identical multiparameter investigation, including collection of clinical data, analysis of morphology and immunophenotype, as well as the study of viral sequences and genetic lesions. In six cases defined as BCBL (four AIDS-related and two AIDS-unrelated), the patients exhibited exclusive or predominant involvement of the body cavities. BCBL tended to display indeterminate phenotypes (4/6), whereas all AIDS-related and AIDS-unrelated lymphomatous effusions secondary to tissue-based lymphomas consistently expressed B-cell phenotype. Detection of KSHV DNA sequences was restricted to cases of BCBL (3/4 AIDS-related and 1/2 AIDS-unrelated), whereas EBV association (3/4) and expression of EBV-encoded antigens (LMP-1, 2/3; EBNA-2, 1/3) were confined to the AIDS-related BCBL. Overall, our results confirm that both AIDS-related and AIDS-unrelated BCBL preferentially associate with peculiar clinical, immunophenotypic and molecular features among lymphomatous effusions and therefore should be singled out as a specific clinico-pathologic entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Penile Mondors' disease: an underestimated pathology.

OBJECTIVE: To report the aetiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of penile Mondor's disease treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During the last 3 years, 10 patients (mean age 35 years, range 20-57) were treated for superficial penile vein thrombophlebitis. The main aetiological factors were prolonged and excessive sexual intercourse, operations for inguinal hernia and deep vein thrombosis. All patients had noticed sudden and almost painless cord-like induration on the penile dorsal surface. Doppler ultrasonography was useful in both diagnosis and follow-up. Eight patients were treated with NSAIDs and platelet drugs. RESULTS: The mean interval to resolution of symptoms was 3 weeks. Two patients who did not respond to drug therapy underwent surgery (dorsal vein resection). CONCLUSION: Medical therapy and, when indicated, vein resection are successful and effective in treating penile Mondor's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Human herpesvirus 8 is present in the lymphoid system of healthy persons and can reactivate in the course of AIDS.

In this study the prevalence of human herpesvirus (HHV) 8 DNA was determined in biopsies from persons with lymphoproliferative disorders and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative and HIV-infected persons. The results show that HHV-8 is present in 10% of biopsies from HIV-seronegative persons: HHV-8 is detected with similar prevalence values in HIV-infected patients with lymphoproliferative diseases, but the virus load is higher. HHV-8 was also found in PBMC. The presence of monoclonal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes in malignant lymphoproliferations was only infrequently associated with HHV-8 infection. Therefore, HHV-8 is fairly common in the population, and the lymphoid system could represent a reservoir of latently infected cells from which the virus may reactivate in conditions of immunodepression; furthermore, HHV-8 and EBV do not seem to act in conjunction in lymphomagenesis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

Distribution of human herpesvirus-8 sequences throughout the spectrum of AIDS-related neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: AIDS frequently associates with certain malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and anogenital neoplasia. In this study we aimed to define the frequency of infection by human herpesvirus (HHV)-8 throughout the spectrum of AIDS-related neoplasia in Europe. DESIGN: A tumour panel representative of the distinct types of AIDS-related neoplasms was tested for the presence of HHV-8 DNA sequences. Autologous uninvolved tissues were also tested in selected cases. METHODS: The presence of HHV-8 DNA sequences was assayed by a combination of polymerase chain reaction followed by oligohybridization and Southern blot hybridization of genomic DNA with an HHV-8-specific probe. RESULTS: HHV-8 sequences were detected in 100% of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (all 35 cases). Among AIDS-related NHL, HHV-8 sequences selectively clustered with body-cavity-based lymphomas (BCBL; all three cases), although they were consistently negative in small non-cleaved cell lymphomas (none in 18 cases), diffuse large cell lymphomas (none in seven), or anaplastic large cell lymphomas (none in three). No HHV-8 sequences were found in cases of anogenital neoplasia (out of 14) or Hodgkin's disease (out of three). HHV-8 DNA sequences were also positive in the uninvolved skin of all six AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma patients, but not in the circulating lymphocytes of a BCBL patient. Positivity for HHV-8 sequences occurred in patients belonging to all major AIDS risk categories. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that HHV-8 sequences associate at high frequency with selected types of AIDS-related neoplasia, namely Kaposi's sarcoma and BCBL, although they are consistently absent in other types of AIDS-NHL and AIDS-related anogenital neoplasia.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: molecular genetics, viral infection and cytokine deregulation.

AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (AIDS-NHLs) are almost invariably derived from B cells and are grouped into three distinct histologic categories, including small-non-cleaved-cell lymphoma (SNCCL), diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL), and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). In addition, AIDS-NHLs presenting solely as a body cavity effusion are thought to be a peculiar clinicopathologic entity and are defined as body-cavity-based lymphoma (BCBL). At the biologic level, AIDS-related lymphomagenesis is characterized by activation of proto-oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, viral infection of the tumor clone, and deregulated cytokine production. Distinct AIDS-NHL types associate with specific molecular pathways. The first pathogenetic pathway clusters with AIDS-SNCCL, and is characterized by a relatively mild degree of host immunodeficiency. AIDS-SNCCL consistently associates with c-myc rearrangements and p53 inactivation in 100 and 60% of cases, respectively, whereas infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is restricted to 30% of the cases. Production of high levels of interleukin-10 is an additional peculiar feature of EBV-positive AIDS-SNCCL. The second pathogenetic pathway associates with AIDS-DLCL, which is usually accompanied by marked host immunodeficiency. AIDS-DLCL is characterized by EBV infection in the large majority of cases and by the mutually exclusive presence of bcl-6 rearrangements and c-myc translocations in 40% of the cases. A third pathway characterizes AIDS-BCBL, which associates in virtually all cases with infection by EBV and with the presence of DNA sequences of the recently identified Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus in the apparent absence of other known genetic lesions. Finally, the pathogenetic features of AIDS-ALCL are still under investigation.

Cytokines↗
PubMed1996

"Early" cancer of the larynx: the concept as defined by clinicians, pathologists, and biologists.

Since a great deal of confusion surrounds the different uses made by clinicians, pathologists, and biologists of the term, this paper clarifies the concept of "early" cancer of the larynx. Clinically, this is usually a glottic neoplasm in which full cordal mobility is still present; early supraglottic cancer is infrequent, and usually a chance finding. Whatever the site, early laryngeal cancer is a minimally invasive neoplastic lesion that does not invade the muscle or cartilage, but is still capable of metastasis. Being confined to the lamina propria, it is more than a carcinoma in situ but less than a deeply infiltrating carcinoma. Superficial extending carcinoma is therefore an early cancer. Biologically, early cancer belongs to stage II.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1996

Mucosal adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma. The lesion is histologically distinctive and it is usually localized on the skin of the head and neck region; it only rarely involves the mucosal sites. The differential diagnoses include adenosquamous carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, and metastatic adenocarcinoma. Surgery is the treatment of choice. The biologic behavior of this neoplasm is more aggressive when it involves mucosal areas, and the prognosis seems worse than that of conventional squamous cell carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1996

Morphologic patterns and molecular pathways of AIDS-related head and neck and other systemic lymphomas.

Head and neck manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection include lymph nodal and extranodal localization of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). A histopathologic characteristic common to head and neck NHLs and to all the other systemic lymphomas in HIV patients is the frequent occurrence of cases displaying pleomorphic features and some overlap between established histologic subtypes. This article highlights the difficulties in defining HIV-related NHLs correctly, and proposes a specific pathologic categorization of these disorders accounting for their pathogenic aspects as gathered from molecular data.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Laryngeal lymphoma derived from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.

Extranodal lymphomas account for as many as 40% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and most arise in the gastrointestinal tract, but other mucosal organs may be involved, especially the upper aerodigestive tract. Low-grade B-cell lymphomas arising in the gastrointestinal tract and other mucosae have been found to recapitulate the structure and cytologic features of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Histologically low-grade MALT lymphomas are characterized by centrocyte-like B-cells with a phenotype similar to that of so-called marginal zone B-cells. Tumors evolving from MALT are generally rare among lymphomas of the upper aerodigestive tract, but a few cases of laryngeal lymphomas derived from MALT have been reported. Primary MALT lymphoma of the larynx should always be considered in tumors with histopathologic features of low-grade B-cell lymphoma, or so-called pseudolymphoma.

Humans↗