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Biomedical subjects

A Candiani

Publications and source records attributed to A Candiani.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Free radical-induced lipoperoxidation and severe head injury. A clinical study.

Ten severely head injured patients (GCS less than or equal to 8), aged 17-62 years, were studied in order to investigate the role of lipoperoxidation in secondary brain damage. No patients had intracranial mass lesions, shock, hypoxemia, fever or sepsis. Blood samples were taken from the jugular bulb and from the right atrium, and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) were measured in plasma by spectrophotometry. Arterio-jugular venous oxygen differences (AVDO2) were obtained in seven patients, in order to estimate cerebral blood flow. Jugular TBARS (TBARSj) were always elevated (from To, to 2 h after injury) and correlated in a linear fashion with TBARS of right atrium (TBARSv): r = 0.74, p less than 0.001. TBARSj and AVDO2 are closely correlated, in accordance with an exponential function (R = 0.45, p less than 0.001) which describes how any cerebral perfusion derangement determines high levels of TBARSj, confirming lipoperoxidation as a key factor in the final common pathway of secondary posttraumatic brain damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Use of propofol during laser therapy of the tracheobronchial tract].

Anesthesia of the tracheobronchial (TB) pathways during laser therapy (LT) faces a variety of problems including analgesia and sedation in patients with respiratory difficulties or who continue to breathe spontaneously while the airways are occupied by operating instruments. During the course of the study, two methods of anesthesia were compared in 36 patients undergoing LT of the TB pathways. The first method (Group A, n = 16) involved the use of Diazepam as an hypnotic starter and Fentanyl as an opioid analgesic in continuous infusion. Propofol was used both as an inducer and as the main drug in the second method (Group B, n = 20) in order to reduce the opioid dose required. The following variables were studied: heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood gas analytic parameters, side-effects such as cough and intraoperative movement, and disturbances of heart rhythm and conduction; in addition, the duration of operations and the time taken to regain consciousness were recorded, together with the total dose of Fentanyl used. An improved hematosis was observed in patients treated with Propofol during the operation and on regaining consciousness, and the time taken to regain consciousness was significantly reduced. No significant differences were observed between the two groups with regard to cardiocirculatory variables or undesirable effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Lymphoma of the prostate: case reports and subject review].

Malignant lymphomas involving the prostate are rare whether as primary lymphoma or as secondary to generalized disease. Middle age, histotype prevalently non Hodgkin, intermediate and high grade of malignancy, symptoms of bladder outflow obstruction, diagnosis generally made after histological examination, severe prognosis are the most important features that result from literature review. The evaluation of therapeutic treatments is difficult as most reports do not include a sufficient number of cases. The Authors presenting two cases of lymphoma of the prostate point out the usefulness of radiotherapy since the prostate is usually a bulky seat of disease and suggest the combination with multiple drug chemotherapy for intermediate and high grade of malignancy and in advanced stages. The authors suggest that prognosis depends on histotype rather than on prostatic involvement of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Clinical use of differential continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of unilateral acute lung injury.

In some instances of unilateral acute lung injury (ALI) refractory to conventional ventilatory support, the intact lung is still able to ensure an efficient CO2 washout, the concomitant hypoxaemia being due to the loss of volume of the injured parenchyma. In these cases, the administration of a sufficient selective continuous distending pressure by means of differential continuous positive airway pressure may restore to normal the resting volume and thus the ventilatory performance of the affected lung, contemporarily avoiding the occurrence of pulmonary and systemic barotrauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Clinical applications of independent lung ventilation with unilateral high-frequency jet ventilation (ILV-UHFJV).

Six patients with unilateral acute lung injury (ALI) were treated with a new form of ventilatory support: independent lung ventilation with unilateral high-frequency jet ventilation (ILV-UHFJV). The first three patients suffered from unilateral ALI complicated by a bronchopleural fistula (BPF); they were at first ventilated with HFJV, but remained unresponsive to treatment, showing a progressive impairment of the ventilation/perfusion ratio with a deterioration in clinical condition. After selective bronchial intubation, ILV-UHFJV was started, ventilating the healthy lung with CPPV and the contralateral with HFJV. ILV-UHFJV caused a significant improvement in alveolar gas exchange leading to a rapid fall in Qs/Qt; it was also associated with a stable haemodynamic condition throughout the duration of the treatment. Subsequently, three more patients were treated; their respiratory failure was due to a unilateral ALI without BPF, unresponsive to either HFJV or CPPV. Once again, ILV-UHFJV was followed by a dramatic improvement in respiratory function; the haemodynamics remained unchanged and it was also possible to demonstrate a rapid improvement in individual and overall lung function.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Shock-induced damage to mitochondrial function and some cellular antioxidant mechanisms in humans.

The effects of circulatory shock on skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative activity in various substrates and cytochrome oxidase activity have been investigated using samples of muscle obtained by the needle biopsy technique from human subjects. The effect of shock on superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content of skeletal muscle was also examined. The results show that there is a large decrease in cytochrome oxidase activity during shock and also in the capacity of the mitochondria to oxidize either succinate, or pyruvate, or palmitoyl carnitine. There is a fall in the tissue content of superoxide dismutase and in the total glutathione present. Furthermore, an increased oxidized glutathione content causes a decrease in the molar ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione present in the muscle. These findings suggest that mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) oxidative damage can play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of circulatory shock and support the hypothesis of oxygen-free radical involvement in the cellular injury.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1985

Effects of L-carnitine administration on mitochondrial electron transport activity present in human muscle during circulatory shock.

Carnitine was administered to a group of patients in shock, and the activities of cytochrome oxidase and succinate cytochrome c reductase in muscle needle biopsies from these patients were compared to those activities present in a non-carnitine treated control group of patients. Carnitine seemingly exerted a significant protective action on cytochrome oxidase activity during the initial phases of shock, but not to such an extent on succinate cytochrome c reductase activities.

Carnitine↗
PubMed1984

Increase of intraerythrocytic fructose-1,6-diphosphate after incubation of whole human blood with fructose-1,6-diphosphate.

The incubation of whole blood with fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) entails a statistically significant increase of intraerythrocytic FDP together with a decrease of blood glucose. The increase is not significant when equimolar amounts of fructose plus twice molar phosphate are used. The effect of FDP is decreased in the presence of an excess of oxygen. FDP added to the whole blood is removed from plasma by the activity of plasma enzymes and by the presence of blood cells as well. No specific interaction of FDP with plasma proteins seems to occur and the effects of FDP addition last longer than is compatible with the presence of FDP in the plasma.

Adolescent↗