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Biomedical subjects

A Campos

Publications and source records attributed to A Campos.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Rotation of images and primary mental abilities: influence of information and sex.

We studied the relation between the capacity to rotate mental images and some mental abilities measured by tests (DAT), as well as the effects of information and sex. The sample was 100 subjects, 50 boys and 50 girls, whose mean age was 16.8 yr., range 16 to 20 yr., attending high school. There is a significant correlation between the capacity to rotate images and the mental abilities of the individuals, information and sex also influence that rotation. Subjects who had information gave quick reaction times. Men rotated faster than women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Persistence of DNA lesions and the cytological cancellation of sister chromatid exchanges.

The ability of UV light, mitomycin C and ionizing radiation to induce the formation of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) at the same locus in successive cell generations was investigated in human lymphocytes. Cells were exposed to the DNA damaging agents after they had completed their first round of DNA replication, and SCEs were examined at the third division in chromosomes that had been differentially stained three ways. Although some of these treatments induced long-lived lesions that increased the frequency of SCEs in successive cell generations, none of the lesions led to the formation of consecutive SCEs at the same locus in successive cell generations. This observation seriously challenges the hypothesis that SCE cancellation results as a consequence of persistence of the lesions induced by these agents.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1985

Challenge tests with tartrazine in patients with asthma associated with intolerance to analgesics (ASA-Triad). A comparative study with placebo.

In a study of the incidence of respiratory reaction to tartrazine, challenge tests were made with doses of 5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg of tartrazine and with a placebo, on forty-seven patients with asthma associated with intolerance to analgesics (ASA-Triad). The patient's clinical and spirographic condition was satisfactory when the test was made, and the administration of bronchodilators had been stopped 24 hr previously. In a total of 141 tests with tartrazine on forty-seven patients, only five tests were positive and occurred in only four patients. In three patients the test gave a negative result when repeated with an identical or larger dose of tartrazine. Only one patient had a respiratory reaction with 5 mg of tartrazine on two successive occasions, and this result is considered doubtful bearing in mind that the variation in FEV1 was at its limit. All the tests with placebo were negative except one. The clinical lability of the ASA-Triad patients could be the cause of some of the respiratory reactions attributed to tartrazine in some studies. The lability could, above all, be dependent on the suppression of the symptomatic treatment. The inconvenience associated with a colour-free diet and the small incidence of proven reactions to tartrazine, tend to invalidate the practice of recommending such diets unless evidence is available of a positive challenge test on at least two occasions. Even so, the risks induced are minimal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Standardization of the prick test. A comparative study of three methods.

The different needles and methods used in the prick test give rise to disparate results. This has significance when carrying out multi-centre studies and when using the technique in the standardization of allergenic extracts. With test reliability as our objective, prick tests were carried out on 30 subjects: 10 patients sensitive to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus received a glycerine extract of known allergenic potency, 10 healthy individuals 2.5% codeine phosphate in a glycerine solution, and another 10, histamine 1/1000. The total prick tests per individual was 27 with each of the needles employed (Allergy Pricker, the Morrow-Brown needle and Insulin needle in accordance with Pepy's procedure). The tests were carried out systematically by three different testers, and the total number of prick tests performed was 810. With the Allergy Pricker, no differences were observed among results obtained by the same tester, nor when the results of the three testers were compared. With the Morrow-Brown needle, the results varied in the same person and from one tester to another, and on many occasions the test was negative. With the Pepys method, no falsely negative results were obtained, but there was considerable variation in the size of the wheal. The variation coefficient is 41% with the Allergy Pricker, and 115% and 64% with the Morrow-Brown and Pepys method, respectively. In conclusion, the results obtained clearly indicate that the highest degree of reproducibility is obtained with the Allergy Pricker.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Toxic-oil syndrome. Gallium-67 scanning and bronchoalveolar lavage studies in patients with abnormal lung function.

The toxic-oil syndrome (TOS) is a multisystem disorder whose etiology and pathogenesis are as yet unknown. Lung alterations persist in a significant number of TOS patients due to the underlying vascular lesion. Computer-assisted 67Ga scanning and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) studies were performed in 14 TOS patients with sustained abnormal diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dco). No significant difference was observed between the 67Ga uptake index of the TOS and control populations. Likewise, there was no significant difference in the number of effector cells recovered from the lungs of TOS patients and controls by bronchoalveolar lavage. However, a rise in IgA and IgG concentrations (p less than 0.002) and a fall in alpha 1-antitrypsin (p less than 0.05) and transferrin (p less than 0.01) were observed in the TOS group. Phospholipid and lecithin concentrations in the lavage fluid were similar for patients and controls. The alveolar macrophage function assayed in three TOS patients was normal. These observations raise new questions about the outcome of lung pathology in TOS and warrant further follow-up studies of the lung abnormalities observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Abnormal B cell function in haemophiliacs and their relationship with factor concentrates administration.

The present study was performed to evaluate B cell function in haemophiliacs. Spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) production was determined by ELISA in the supernatants of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 14 haemophiliacs and 17 normal donors. Spontaneous IgM, IgA and IgG production was three times higher in patients than normal controls, while PWM-induced IgM, IgA and IgG production was markedly reduced in patients compared to normal donors (P less than 0.025). Allogeneic co-cultures of haemophiliacs and normal B plus T cell fractions revealed that these results are due to a defect of the patients' T cell depleted fraction. These abnormalities were not found in three patients who had received no clotting factor concentrates for at least 1 year prior to the study. Additionally, the annual amount of clotting factor concentrates received by treated patients correlates well with the enhancement of spontaneous Ig production (r = +0.688, P less than 0.02), the decrease of PWM-induced Ig secretion (r = -0.655, P less than 0.02), and the elevation of serum IgG levels (r = +0.610, P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that the administration of clotting factor concentrates play an important role in the altered B cell function in haemophiliacs.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Disorders of regulatory T cell function in patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Three patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome were studied. One of them had no past history of relevant infections. The other two presented different degrees of humoral and cellular immunodeficiency and their T cells in vitro showed a defect in regulatory activity of Ig production in PWM stimulated cultures. This defect was not observed in the third patient. All three had normal numbers of B cells, producing normal amounts of Ig in vitro when co-cultured with normal T cells. It is suggested that the immunoregulatory T cell abnormality might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the humoral immunodeficiency.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1984

Shwartzman reaction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The possibility that experimental diabetes could prepare for the generalized Shwartzman reaction was investigated in female Sprague-Dawley streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After 48 hours, 1 week, and 9 weeks of diabetes, the rats were injected with 2 mg/kg of endotoxin, and the animals were sacrificed 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after endotoxin. Ninety percent of the diabetic animals given endotoxin developed massive glomerular capillary fibrin deposition accompanied by marked decrease in platelet count. The age- and sex-matched nondiabetic control rats had no such changes. This marked susceptibility to endotoxin, previously only reported in pregnant rats, was present as early as 1 week of diabetes. The degree of glycemic control greatly influenced the susceptibility of diabetic rats to the generalized Shwartzman reaction. Only 28% of the diabetic animals given insulin once daily (4.6 +/- 0.3 units, mean +/- SEM) and maintaining a blood glucose level of 269 +/- 19 mg/dl developed glomerular thrombi. In contrast, the diabetic animals that did not receive insulin and had a blood glucose level of 617 +/- 21 mg/dl all developed fibrin thrombi. We conclude that the diabetic state in rats induces a unique susceptibility to the generalized Shwartzman reaction following a single injection of endotoxin, which varies with the severity of the diabetic state. Although the pathogenesis is unclear, this phenomenon may reflect abnormalities in the glomerular capillary wall and/or the coagulation system that may be important in the development of microvascular complications. Furthermore, this phenomenon may, in the animal model, mirror the increased risk of the diabetic patient to intravascular coagulation with bacterial sepsis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Prevention of the generalized Shwartzman reaction in pregnant rats by prostacyclin infusion.

The effects of prostacyclin infusion on endotoxin-induced generalized Shwartzman reaction were studied in pregnant rats. Four hours after administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.4 mg) to pregnant rats on the 20th day of gestation, fibrin and platelet thrombi were observed in 72% of the animals. These findings were associated with a decrease in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate from 7.0 to 0.7 and 0.8 +/- 0.1 to 2.6 +/- 0.4 and 0.2 +/- 0.8 ml/minute, respectively (p less than 0.0001 and less than 0.05) and a decrease in platelet count (p less than 0.05). The infusion of prostacyclin, at a mean dose of 57 ng/kg/minute prior to and after administration of endotoxin strikingly inhibited the development of fibrin and platelet thrombi in glomerular capillaries (p less than 0.001). Despite hemodynamic changes which were similar to those in control animals, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate decreased from 7.2 +/- 0.2 and 0.9 to 2.9 +/- 0.03 and 0.3 +/- 0.1 ml/minute, respectively (p less than 0.001 and less than 0.025). In addition, the mean blood pressure decreased from 118 +/- 3.8 to 86 +/- 3.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.025), whereas the platelet count remained normal. We conclude that prostacyclin infusion prior to endotoxin administration significantly inhibits endotoxin-induced generalized Shwartzman reaction in pregnant rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Nutritional impact of supplemented food in relation to the duration and severity of infectious episodes].

The nutritional impact of three different programs of supplementary feeding implemented with children aged 6-24 months, was examined in relation to the duration and the severity of infectious diseases. After a 2-month intervention, statistically significant changes in weight for length were found in two of the groups (those supplemented with rice and beans, and those supplemented with rice cereal enriched with oil). No significant changes in weight for length were found in the other groups (those supplemented with banana cereal and the control group), nor were statistically significant changes found in any of the four groups in relation to weight for age, nor length for age. No statistically significant changes were found on the incidence, duration, and severity of infectious diseases. As a result of these findings it can be postulated that despite a high frequency of infectious episodes, often severe and of long duration, supplementary feeding on the early part of life can be effective when there is a high risk of malnutrition.

Anthropometry↗