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Biomedical subjects

A C Ward

Publications and source records attributed to A C Ward.

125 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Use of an immunoperoxidase stain for the demonstration of bovine viral diarrhea virus by light and electron microscopies.

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus-specific antiserum eluted from an immunoabsorbent column was conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The immunoperoxidase (IP) conjugate was used to stain BVD virus-inoculated and control tissue cultures processed for light and electron microscopies. Infected cells (in the inoculated cultures) viewed by light microscopy had diffuse staining of the cytoplasm of nonvacuolated cells and a more predominant staining associated with vacuoles as vacuolation occurred. The peroxidase label as demonstrated by electron microscopy was associated primarily with nonenveloped and membrane-associated viral particles. Viral particles 20 to greater than 100 nm (diam) were observed. Some of the particles which were greater than 30 mm in diameter contained multiple nuclear cores. The most intensely stained viral particles were outside of the cells.

Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral↗
PubMed1984

Abortion in the dog due to Campylobacter species.

Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from a Wheaten Terrier bitch which had aborted (in southern Idaho). A Campylobacter of undetermined species also was isolated from aborted Poodle pups (in central Washington). It appears that persons may have been the source of infection in the Idaho event, but the source for the other was not speculated. These findings of perinatal death due to Campylobacter in dogs from widely separated areas indicate that pathologic evaluation of cases involving premature and aborted pups should include bacteriologic tests, using appropriate media and atmospheric conditions necessary for the cultivation of these organisms.

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMed1982

Infectious agents associated with neonatal calf disease in southwestern Idaho and eastern Oregon.

Over a 2-year period, 296 episodes of disease involving 226 1-to-60-day-old calves were referred to the Caldwell Veterinary Teaching Center. Infectious disease agents were found in 96% of the cases. Salmonella spp were the most frequently isolated agents from dairy calves, whereas coronavirus was the agent most commonly associated with diarrhea in beef calves. Multiple agents were found in 20% of the dairy calves and in 12% of the beef calves. Salmonella dublin, which is associated with severe disease in man, made up a large percentage of the Salmonella spp isolated (40%). In vitro drug sensitivities indicated that a high percentage of Salmonella and Escherichia coli were resistant to drugs, especially to the drugs commonly used to treat calf diarrhea.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of oral inoculation of Escherichia coli on colostral antibody production in cattle.

Oral inoculation of approximately 1.2 x 10(9) viable Escherichia coli to pregnant cows resulted in increased blood serum and colostral whey titers to the "O" antigen. The antibody titers were more pronounced in colostral whey and were correlated with the inoculum strain of Escherichia coli. There was no correlation between antibody titers of the colostrum ingested and the resulting serum antibody titers of the calves. The incidence of diarrhea in calves did not correlate with the antibody titer in the colostrum. The occurrence of diarrhea was significantly greater in calves that did not ingest colostrum until they were 12 hours old, compared with calves that had free access to their dams and suckled within an hour of birth.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biosystematics and diversity amongst novel carboxydotrophic actinomycetes.

Fifty-four carboxydotrophic actinomycetes isolated from soils and composts were compared through 119 unit characters with representative mesophilic and thermophilic streptomycetes. The data were examined using the Jaccard, pattern and simple matching coefficients and clustering achieved using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages algorithm. Acceptable cophenetic correlation and test error values allowed confidence to be placed in the resultant numerical taxonomies. The carboxydotrophic actinomycetes, which were distinct from cluster-groups corresponding to the mesophilic and thermophilic streptomycetes, formed two major cluster-groups the members of which were examined for the presence of diagnostic chemical markers. All but two of the carboxydotrophic actinomycetes had a profile of chemical properties consistent with their assignment to the genus Streptomyces. Quantitative fatty acid data were examined using the SIMCA package and the two statistically significant groups obtained corresponded with the cluster-groups circumscribed in the numerical phenetic analysis. Members of the two groups were also distinguished on the basis of their phospholipid composition. The two strains that contained meso-as opposed to LL-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan also showed a distinct chemotaxonomic profile. It was concluded that the carboxydotrophic actinomycetes form a novel and taxonomically diverse group.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intravenous alpha-1-antitrypsin replacement therapy: case report after one year of treatment.

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is an autosomally inherited disease in which individuals homozygous for the disorder are prone to develop severe emphysema. We report the case of a 43 yr old man with severe deficiency and advanced emphysema and the first experience in Ireland with intravenous alpha-1-antitrypsin replacement. After 1 yr of replacement therapy we report our experience with dosage and frequency of infusion as well as pulmonary function test data before and during treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Novel rhodococci and other mycolate actinomycetes from the deep sea.

A large number of mycolate actinomycetes have been recovered from deep-sea sediments in the NW Pacific Ocean using selective isolation methods. The isolates were putatively assigned to the genus Rhodococcus on the basis of colony characteristics and mycolic acid profiles. The diversity among these isolates and their relationship to type strains of Rhodococcus and other mycolate taxa were assessed by Curie point pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS). Three major (A, C, D) and two minor (B, E) groups were defined by PyMS. Cluster A was a large group of isolates recovered from sediment in the Izu Bonin Trench (2679 m); Cluster C comprised isolates from both the Izu Bonin Trench (6390 and 6499 m) and from the Japan Trench (4418, 6048 and 6455 m). These Cluster C isolates showed close similarity to Dietzia maris and this was subsequently confirmed using molecular methods. Cluster D contained isolates recovered from a sediment taken from a depth of 1168 m in Sagami Bay and were identified as members of the terrestrial species Rhodococcus luteus. Clusters B and E had close affinities with members of the genera Gordonia and Mycobacterium. The presence of Thermoactinomyces in certain of the deep-sea sediments studied was indicative of the movement of terrestrial material into the ocean depths. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analyses produced excellent definition of most genera of the mycolata, and indicated that the among the deep sea isolates (1) were novel species of Corynebacterium, Gordonia and Mycobacterium, and (2) a Sea of Japan isolate the phylogenetic depth of which suggests the possibility of a new genus. Polyphasic taxonomic analysis revealed considerable diversity among the deep sea rhodococci and evidence for recently diverged species or DNA groups.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of aerobic bacteria and fungi in the feces of healthy psittacine birds.

Fecal samples from 61 clinically healthy psittacine birds of a wide variety of species were cultured for bacteria and fungi. The most common bacterial isolates were gram-positive bacilli, which were recovered from 60 of the 61 birds. These organisms included Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Streptomyces. Gram-positive cocci, cultured from the feces of 21 of the birds, included Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp., Aerococcus spp., and Micrococcus spp. Only 6 of the 61 psittaciformes yielded gram-negative bacteria, with Escherichia coli being the most frequent isolate. Gram-negative bacilli were recovered from 4 of the 31 privately owned birds and 2 of the 30 petshop birds sampled. In addition to the bacteria, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus laurentii, and Aspergillus sp. were isolated from 13 fecal cultures. Candida albicans was isolated exclusively from 5 petshop birds. The number of birds yielding Corynebacterium and gram-negative bacteria increased with age, whereas the number of birds yielding lactobacilli and yeasts decreased with age. The organisms isolated and their significance as potential pathogens in psittacine birds are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of the aerobic bacteria in the feces of captive raptors.

Feces of 47 captive raptors belonging to the order Falconiformes or Strigiformes were cultured for bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria, which were cultured from the feces of 45 of the 47 raptors, were the most common isolates. A wide variety of species were identified, including a newly described genus (Moellerella wisconsensis), two newly described species (Escherichia fergusonii and Proteus penneri), and a member of a newly described enteric group (CDC Enteric group 41). Additional organisms identified that have not been reported in previous bacteriological surveys of raptors were Salmonella heidelberg, Salmonella braenderup, Morganella morganii, Yersinia ruckeri, Serratia spp., and Kluyvera sp. Escherichia coli, isolated from the feces of 42 of the 47 raptors, was the most frequently recovered. Streptococcus faecalis, the second most common isolate, was cultured from 30 birds. Several differences were observed between fecal bacteria isolated from raptors fed commercially prepared chicken and those isolated from raptors not fed chicken. The most obvious difference was that birds fed chicken had more varied gram-negative bacterial species and in greater numbers per fecal sample. The potential for the isolated bacteria from raptors as pathogens in humans and avian species is discussed.

Animals↗