Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A C Wallace

Publications and source records attributed to A C Wallace.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Nuclear pore complexes deposited in the glomerular basement membrane are associated with autoantibodies in a case of membranous nephritis.

Massive deposits of organelles, morphologically identical with nuclear pore complexes (NP), were identified in the glomerular basement membrane of an individual with membranous nephritis. Analysis by immunofluorescence demonstrated that the patient's serum contained autoantibodies that became bound within intact cells to cellular components, including centrosomes or centrioles and filaments of the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, these antibodies became bound to numerous small structures at the nuclear periphery. The above evidence suggests that among the autoantibodies were some specifically directed toward the NP, and that the glomerular deposits were NP, possibly in association with IgG.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cyclosporin prevents diabetes in BB Wistar rats.

Cyclosporin (U.S.A.N. cyclosporine) was used prophylactically to suppress the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in BB Wistar rats. In this rat strain diabetes spontaneously develops between 60 and 120 days of age and this condition resembles human type 1 diabetes. In 30 (75%) out of 40 control rats glycosuria and hyperglycaemia developed and these rats became insulin-dependent. Their pancreases showed partial to complete destruction of the islets of Langerhans by lymphocytic infiltration. None of the 40 cyclosporin-treated rats became diabetic and their pancreases were histologically normal. Serum cyclosporin was monitored in a subgroup and the dosage was adjusted accordingly; neither hepatotoxicity nor nephrotoxicity was seen in the treated animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Immune response to transplanted pancreas in pigs.

Segmental allografts of the body and tail of the pancreas have been carried out in pigs using an open duct technique. Diabetes was induced by total pancreatectomy. Control animals on no immunosuppression survived an average of 17 days while animals receiving CyA survived 30 days. In the CyA group those with adequate serum levels of CyA survived 46 days while those with low levels survived 18 days. Once the animal became diabetic rejection was not reversible. In this model complement dependent cytotoxicity was more useful than lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity in predicting rejection. However the rejected pancreas showed intensive mononuclear infiltration. Malabsorption resulting from total pancreatectomy used to induce diabetes may have contributed to the erratic CyA absorption. Prolonged and relatively normal pancreatic allograft function is possible, but adequate CyA levels must be achieved and maintained. Monitoring of serum levels is essential.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

IgA nephropathy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Hematuria↗
PubMed1981

Tolerance of the liver to ischemia: an experimental study.

The experiments described in this study challenge the 20th century belief that the liver is particularly vulnerable to deprivation of its blood supply for appreciable periods of time. The authors studied the effects of 60 minutes of normothermic hepatic ischemia on 10 pigs. The hepatic artery and its collateral vessels were occluded and portal blood was diverted by a portojugular shunt. This produced a 90% reduction in liver blood flow as determined by xenon-127 washout. None of the animals died of liver failure. The ischemic insult did not produce jaundice in any of the animals and only minimal transient changes in liver enzymes occurred. The results suggest that the liver is capable of withstanding prolonged periods of ischemia.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1980

Immunohistological localization of the anti-encephalitogenic bovine spinal cord protein (BSCP) in axons.

The localization of the anti-encephalitogenic bovine spinal cord protein (BSCP) in sections of bovine peripheral nerve was studied by the indirect immunofluorescence technique using the globulin fraction of a rabbit anti-BSCP serum and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. BSCP was clearly demonstrated in axons and in the endoneurial space surrounding the myelinated nerve fibres but was not detected in myelin or in the perineurial connective tissue. The precise localization of BSCP in the spaces encompassing the myelin sheaths is hindered by the inadequate visualization of the unstained sites by immunofluorescence. However, since anti-BSCP antibodies do not react with collagen or blood vessels, the major components of the endoneurial space, it is highly probable that BSCP is localized in Schwann cells. Myelin-free axons prepared from bovine midbrain stained evenly throughout their entire lengths indicating that BSCP was also a component of CNS axons.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Invasion of the hepatic capsule by tumour metastases to the liver.

Liver metastases of Waler 256 tumour in rats and of C3HBA tumour in mice were produced by mesenteric vein inoculation of tumour suspensions. Gross liver nodules were examined by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Subcapsular tumour nodules were seen to penetrate the hepatic capsule in all animals and to lodge on the peritoneal surface. Penetration occurred by stretching and attrition of the thin hepatic capsule in these animals. Studies done on human hepatic metastases revealed a different picture. In only a small number of such cases did peritoneal involvement occur from subcapsular nodules, and in these the penetration was limited, apparently by way of capsular veins and lymphatics. The thick fibrous capsule of human liver appears thus to form a barrier to peritoneal tumour dissemination.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The effect of radiotherapy in the treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck arising in minor salivary glands.

Eighteen cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the minor salivary glands are reviewed. Noteworthy in the history is the report of pain at the site of the lesion which radiates elsewhere, or of numbers or tingling in its area. Radiation therapy is as able to control the primary as local surgery. Involvement of a much wider field than is required to treat the primary may control the perineural spread common to this tumor and avoid the massive procedures necessary to cure it by surgical means. Metastases to the lung, bone, and brain by venous spread can probably be avoided only by early diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Demonstration of fibrin in early stages of experimental metastases.

Tumor emboli were produced in lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats by i.v. injection of Walker 256 tumor cells into the tail vein. Tissues were examined by electron microscopy at periods from 30 sec to 72 hr after tumor injection. Two methods of conventional staining were used, in addition to immunoperoxidase techniques, with antifibrin antibodies produced in rabbits. Tumor cells accompanied by a platelet mass were seen in pulmonary arterioles at the earliest time period (30 sec). By conventional staining, small amounts of fibrin were detected within the platelet clumps by 5 min after inoculation. Periodicity indicating stable fibrin was not seen by this technique until 15 to 45 min. When peroxidase-labeled antibody was applied to tissue, sections showed fibrin-positive material at 30 sec, and periodicity of fibrin was detected by 5 min. Fibrin reached a maximum by both techniques at about 1 hr and disappeared, along with the platelets, at about 9 hr. When fibrinolysin was injected prior to the tumor cell inoculation, platelets and fibrin were either absent or present only in traces, and no stable fibrin was detected. These observations show that fibrin occurs very early in small amounts in association with tumor cell emboli, and is removed while the cells are still intravascular.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Transplant monitoring: patterns of the immune response.

Immune responses, specific to the stored donor tissue, were measured in 26 recipients over 4,000 days. CML positive crossmatches were associated with accelerated rejections (three cases). LDA positive crossmatches resulted in primary non-functioning kidneys (three cases). Post-transplantation. CML (16 hour inculation) was associated with rejection (p equals 0.001), highly predictive of rejection (p equals 0.001), and when positive after rejection treatment, was associated with a failure to respond (p equals 0.005 - 0.01). 51Cr-CDA was also associated with rejection (p equals 0.002). Recovery of these immunologic participants from the explanted kidney substantiated that they were important effector mechanisms in vivo.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1975

Lymphocyte-dependent antibody and renal graft rejection.

A patient with preformed cytotoxic lymphocyte-dependent antibody (L.D.A.) against the specific renal transplant donor rapidly rejected the grafted kidney. The characteristics of rejection were not those of hyperacute rejection due to cytotoxic complement-dependent antibody or of acute rejection is attributed to the cytotoxic activity of L.D.A. The avoidance of transplants based on positive crossmatches by the L.D.A. test or at least the carrying out of the L.D.A. crossmatch is advised.

Adult↗
PubMed1971

Intestinal antigenicity of ovarian mucinous cystadenomas.

Immunofluorescent tracing by rabbit antiserum with specific reactivity against intestinal mucosa revealed cross-reaction with human ovarian mucinous cystadenoma epithelium and not with epithelium of any of several other human mucous epithelia. The mucinous cystadenoma epithelium apparently contains at least one but not all of the specific intestinal mucosal antigens. The findings support the view that such tumours are histogenetically of intestinal type, as might occur for example by unilateral intestinal development of a teratoma.

Absorption↗