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Biomedical subjects

A C Tongue

Publications and source records attributed to A C Tongue.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Complications after surgery for congenital and infantile cataracts.

We reviewed the records of 78 patients who underwent 128 surgical procedures for congenital or infantile cataracts before age 30 months for the type and frequency of postoperative complications. The surgeries included 92 limbal lensectomies and anterior vitrectomies, 13 pars plicata lensectomies, 20 aspirations, and three additional procedures. Complications developed after 21 of the 105 lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy procedures. Ten eyes (10%) required additional surgery for a secondary membrane, 12 eyes (11%) developed glaucoma, and one (1%) developed a retinal detachment. Patients who underwent surgery by 8 weeks of age had a significantly greater number of complications (P less than .025). Patients undergoing cataract surgery early in life should be routinely examined for possible postoperative glaucoma. The best method for reducing secondary membrane formation and some types of glaucoma appears to be an extensive removal of the lens cortex, posterior capsule, and anterior vitreous.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Congenital stationary night blindness presenting as Leber's congenital amaurosis.

Two siblings with autosomal-recessive congenital stationary night blindness were clinically blind in infancy. Both had markedly abnormal electroretinograms that, in the first child, led consultants at two university centers to make the diagnosis of Leber's congenital amaurosis. The patients had intermittent nystagmus and esotropia, but good photopic vision developed eventually. Scotopic vision was clearly defective in each child. Refractive error in both patients was close to emetropic in early infancy but became myopic by 1 year of age. Congenital stationary night blindness must be considered in the differential diagnosis of the blind infant.

Blindness↗
PubMed1987

Refractive errors in children.

Optical correction of refractive errors in infants and young children is indicated when the refractive errors are sufficiently large to cause unilateral or bilateral amblyopia, if they are impairing the child's ability to function normally, or if the child has accommodative strabismus. Screening for refractive errors is important and should be performed as part of the annual physical examination in all verbal children. Screening for significant refractive errors in preverbal children is more difficult; however, the red reflex test of Bruckner is useful for the detection of anisometropic refractive errors. The photorefraction test, which is an adaptation of Bruckner's red reflex test, may prove to be a useful screening device for detecting bilateral as well as unilateral refractive errors. Objective testing as well as subjective testing enables ophthalmologists to prescribe proper optical correction for refractive errors for infants and children of any age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ophthalmic manifestations of infantile phytanic acid storage disease.

Two patients had infantile phytanic acid storage disease. Patient 1 had nystagmus from early infancy, epicanthal folds, esotropia, and a pigmentary retinopathy. The second case had similar manifestations; however, no nystagmus was present. Both patients were hypotonic as infants, had a severe hearing impairment, and were moderately severely developmentally delayed. Serum phytanic acid levels in both cases were clearly elevated. The fundus and fluorescein angiogram showed macular and diffuse retinal pigment epithelial defects, vascular attenuation, and pigmentary dispersion. The electroretinogram demonstrated severely subnormal rod- and cone-mediated responses, with greater involvement evident for responses generated by middle and inner retinal neurons compared with responses mediated by photoreceptors. The ophthalmologist may be the first to recognize the characteristic features of this disorder. Early diagnosis may be important because this disorder may be ameliorated by dietary restriction of phytanic acid.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1981

Brückner test.

Brückner, in 1962, published a paper in German describing a "trans-illumination" test extremely useful in the diagnosis of small angle deviations and amblyopia in young uncooperative children. A bright coaxial light source, such as a direct ophthalmoscope, is used. Both eyes of the patient are simultaneously illuminated from approximately one meter distance. First, the position of the corneal light reflex, (Hirschberg test), along with brightness difference of the fundus reflex as seen in the pupil through the ophthalmoscope, is evaluated. When strabismus is present. the fixing eye has a darker reflex than the deviated eye. The second step evaluates pupil size, pupil reaction, and fixation movement of the eyes on "successive" illumination of one eye at a time. This is useful in detecting amblyopia.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1980

Yellow mutant albinism: cytochemical, ultrastructural, and genetic characterization suggesting multiple allelism.

This report describes three sisters, including monozygotic (MZ) twins, with clinical, ultrastructural, and histochemical features typical of yellow mutant albinism; This form of albinism is clinically similar to the tyrosinase-positive type, but hair bulbs showed (1) organelles similar to red hair pheomelanosomes and (2) absence of tyrosinase activity. Classical tyrosinase-negative albinism was found in a maternal cousin of the probands. Pedigree analysis of this family suggests multiple alleles occupying a single locus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low vision examination in children with visual impairment.

Low vision aid evaluation should be part of the routine ophthalmic care of all children with subnormal vision. The evaluations establish the child's visual capacities and assess the possible benefits of optical or nonoptical aids to maximize visual function. The concerted efforts of parents, physicians, and teachers are necessary to minimize the child's visual impairment and to avoid subsequent disabilities. Examination technique and equipment is essentially that required for routine ophthalmic care with the addition of a few low vision aid devices. Particular emphasis should be placed on communicating with parents and others directly concerned with the child's education and development.

Aphakia↗