Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A C Templeton.
In this report, we evaluate the present state of the rapidly emerging field of monolayer-protected cluster (MPC) molecules with regard to their synthesis and monolayer functionalization, their core and monolayer structure, their composition, and their properties. Finally, we canvass some of the important remaining research opportunities involving MPCs.
To explore the efficacy of ultraviolet B-irradiated donor-specific leukocyte transfusions (UV-DSLT) with short-term cyclosporine to control intestinal allograft rejection, 75 adult Lewis (RT1l) rats underwent total small-intestinal transplantation from Brown-Norway (RT1n) donors. Recipients were randomly divided into ten treatment and control groups utilizing various combinations of donor-specific and third-party (Wistar-Furth, RT1u) leukocyte transfusions (TPLT), with or without transfusion UVB irradiation, and either alone or in combination with short-term cyclosporine administration (5 mg/kg intramuscularly on days -7, 0, 1, and 2 relative to transplantation). Leukocytes (10(8) cells) separated from a spleen cell suspension were infused on day -7. Certain transfused leukocytes were treated with 12,000 joules/m2 of UVB irradiation. Groups were monitored for mean survival time (MST) and cause of death. UV-DSLT alone (MST = 19.8 +/- 4.6) or in combination with cyclosporine (UV-DSLT+CsA, MST = 53.1 +/- 22.5) significantly (P less than 0.003-0.0002, Mantel-Cox) prolonged recipient survival when compared with appropriate controls (i.e., no treatment, MST = 11.2 +/- 3.4; CsA, MST = 17.2 +/- 9.0; UV-TPLT, MST = 12.4 +/- 4.0; and UV-TPLT+CsA, MST = 25.1 +/- 9.7) No significant increase in graft-versus-host disease occurred in any group, with 85% (64/75) of the recipients dying of acute rejection. Conversely, the UV-DSLT+CsA group had a significant increase (9/11; chi-square, P less than 0.0001) in chronic rejection. Because UV-DSLT+CsA improved survival as compared with third-party controls, a limited donor-specific unresponsiveness may have been induced. Furthermore, this treatment produces a consistent, chronic rejection rodent intestinal allograft model.
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A 23-year-old white man presented with a thyroid mass 12 years after receiving high-dose radiotherapy for a T2 and N1 lymphoepithelioma of the nasopharynx. Following subtotal thyroidectomy, a histopathologic examination revealed liposarcoma of the thyroid gland. The relationship between sarcomas and irradiation is described and Cahan and colleagues' criteria for radiation-induced sarcomas are reviewed. To our knowledge, we are presenting the first such case of a radiation-induced sarcoma of the thyroid gland.
Six painful hips in five patients were examined with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and were found to have diffuse signal abnormalities in the marrow of the femoral head and neck, which extended into the intertrochanteric area in five cases. The abnormal regions were low in signal intensity on images obtained with a short repetition time (TR) and a short echo time (TE) and were isointense or hyperintense on long TR/TE images--findings that have been attributed by others to bone marrow edema. Edema was also seen in marrow just above the acetabulum in two cases. No focal abnormalities characteristic of osteonecrosis were seen. Osteonecrosis was subsequently shown to be present in all six femoral heads at core biopsy (three cases) or by subsequent development of focal MR abnormalities reported to be highly specific for osteonecrosis (three cases). The affected hips had been radiographically normal or subtly osteopenic and had shown intense radionuclide uptake in the femoral head at scintigraphy, with lesser abnormality in the neck and intertrochanteric region. Follow-up MR examinations of five of the six femoral heads showed the diffuse abnormalities to have been transient. Although diffuse MR abnormalities in the proximal femur are not specific, they may indicate the presence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
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Five hundred and sixty-nine patients with breast cancer presenting for treatment at a community hospital were studied. The results showed no significant change in tumor size at presentation or reported patient delay over a 12-year span. This was in spite of considerable national discussion and increasing public concern about this disease during this period. We compared this patient group with a group of 27 cancer patients with training in health professional fields: seven of these 27 women reported delays of more than six months between discovery of a mass and reporting to a physician. Their masses were somewhat larger than those of women not medically trained (3.82 versus 3.47 cm). These results suggest a need for re-evaluation of the impact of medical education on an individual's reaction to personal health care.
A case of a hemangiopericytoma of the nasal cavity in a 79-year-old woman is presented. Ultrastructural examination confirmed the pericytic origin of the tumor. Most of the reported hemangiopericytomas of the sinonasal tract are histologically low-grade and their biologic course is in concert with their appearance.
The depth of penetration through the myometrium is an important feature in assessing the prognosis and therapy of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. This is usually reported as a percentage figure and measured microscopically on a conventional microscopic block. Some potential defects in this method are examined. Depth of penetration is more reliably expressed as the amount of remaining uninvaded myometrium, and is most readily visualized on a whole mount transverse section.
Two cases of angiomyolipoma of the kidney in middleaged Black women are described. This may be a more common cause of a renal mass than a carcinoma; it is important to distinguish between the two because of differences in management.
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A case of Crohn's disease occurring in a Kenyan African is described. Review of literature disclosed 14 acceptable cases occurring in African subjects. The symptoms, anatomical distribution, signs, and pathology in black patients in Africa and America are similar to that described in whites. The disease is probably underdiagnosed in Africa because of difficulties in distinguishing schistosomiasis and tuberculosis of the bowel.
The distribution of neural crest cells is briefly reviewed. The behaviour of neural crest derivatives in Africans is different from that seen in Caucasians, both in terms of physiology and pathology. The most obvious variation is in the depth of pigmentation of the skin, but most diseases of neural crest derived tissues show differences between Black and White subjects. The reason for these differences are not readily apparent but appear to be of genetic rather than environmental origin.