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Biomedical subjects

A C Ogborne

Publications and source records attributed to A C Ogborne.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Characteristics of drug users admitted to alcohol detoxication centers.

A survey of admissions to Ontario's alcohol detoxication centers showed many admissions used alcohol in combination with other drugs, and a poor correspondence between self-reports and results of the urine analysis. The use of THC was more common among younger admissions with low urine alcohol levels. Benzodiazepine use was more common among referrals from hospitals, general practitioners, and those presenting with cuts and bruises.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Long-term trends in male drunkenness arrests in metropolitan Toronto: effects of social-setting detoxication centers.

Drunkenness arrest rates for adult males in Toronto decreased substantially during the period 1966 to 1987. In 1971 there was a change in legislation permitting police to take public inebriates to detoxication centers. Drunkenness rates continued to decline at a rate similar to that for the previous 3 years. The next year drunkenness arrests increased but subsequently declined at a rate which was 50% greater than that which preceded the change in legislation. Since 1973 year by year changes in the rate of male drunkenness arrests have not been consistently related to rates of police admission to detoxication centers or to total admissions to detoxication centers. The results suggest that recent trends in drunkenness arrests have been influenced by the 1971 change in legislation and the increased use of detoxication centers. However, the influence of other factors must also be considered.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1990

Drug abuse and alcohol problems among cocaine abusers in an assessment/referral service.

This paper reports the social, demographic and drug abuse backgrounds of cocaine abusers seen at an alcohol and drug abuse assessment centre in Kitchener, Ontario. It compares cocaine abusers to cannabis users and alcoholics of the same age at the same centre. Cocaine and cannabis abusers are mainly young, single males while alcohol abusers are much older. The cocaine and cannabis abusers are both heavy drinkers but the cocaine group contained more high-risk drinkers, more drug injectors and had a higher alcohol consumption. Cocaine abusers are young poly-drug users for whom drinking is also a major problem. Treatment plans should take these problems into account.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1990

Specialized addictions assessment/referral services in Ontario: a review of their characteristics and roles in the addiction treatment system.

During the past nine years many specialized addiction assessment/referral services have been established in Ontario. These services are expected to receive referrals from all sources, to conduct thorough socio-behavioural assessments, to refer clients to appropriate community resources and to provide case management services appropriate to client needs. Although definitive statements concerning the assessment/referral services are considered premature, the available data suggests that they are generally similar to other types of addiction services with respect to referral sources and client characteristics. However, assessment/referral services are less likely to be restricted to particular types of clients, more likely to use structured assessment procedures and to make referrals to other services. There are significant differences between individual assessment/referral services, particular with respect to referral sources, client characteristics and operating procedures and the extent to which they also provide treatment. These differences partly reflect differences in operating environments. Most communities with assessment/referral services lack generally accessible outpatient services and it remains to be seen how assessment/referral services will evolve as more outpatient services become available. Data from a 1986 survey showed that assessment/referral services saw about 10% of all cases seen within Ontario's specialized addiction treatment system but they were not significant points of entry into this system.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1989

Some limitations of Alcoholics Anonymous.

While recognizing AA's many positive features, this chapter focuses on AA's limitations with respect to the kinds of help the movement provides as well as its overall efficacy and appeal to persons with alcohol-related problems. Among the issues identified as limiting AA's effectiveness are the movement's preoccupation with drinking and sobriety and lack of concern for other problems. Also, the possibility is raised that AA's insistence that its members are but "one drink away from a drunk" can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Empirical studies indicate that those who affiliate with AA are, in several respects, different from those who do not. In particular, AA seems to appeal to drinkers who have a long history of drinking and have experienced loss of control. Reasonable levels of social stability, a lack of significant psychopathology, and signs of religiosity and authoritarianism have also been shown to characterize those who affiliate with AA. Some implications of these and other limitations for management of alcohol abuse are discussed. Specific emphasis is placed on the need for systematic assessment and the ongoing monitoring of AA referrals. The need for further research into the efficacy of AA is also emphasized.

Alcoholics Anonymous↗
PubMed1988

The reactive effects of follow-up assessment procedures: an experimental study.

A four group randomized control study designed to investigate the reactive effects of follow-up interviews and self-monitoring procedures on the self-reported drinking patterns of treated alcoholics failed to demonstrate any such effects. However, problems were experienced in gaining participation in frequent follow-up interviews and with the use of daily self-monitoring procedures. Limitations on the conclusions that can be drawn are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Drug use among a sample of males admitted to an alcohol detoxication center.

Urine samples were obtained from 93% of a sample of 111 consecutive male admissions to a nonmedical detoxication center in Toronto. Analysis of these samples revealed that 51 (50%) had traces of drugs other than alcohol and that 12 (12%) were alcohol free. Benzodiazepines were the most frequently detected drugs and these were found in 32% of all samples. Barbiturates were detected in seven (7%) samples and cannabinoids in 10 (10%) samples. A wide range of urine alcohol concentrations was found and some samples had zero or low concentrations. Although alcohol urine concentrations were generally lower in samples containing other drugs, the distribution of urine alcohol concentrations was similar for samples containing only alcohol and those containing alcohol and some other drug. Of the 51 samples found to contain drugs other than alcohol, subjects' self-reports were concordant in 27 cases (53%). Most of the discrepancies between self-reports and urine analysis were due to the under-reporting of the use of benzodiazepines. Subjects with drugs in their urine tended to be younger than others, but they were not distinguished with respect to their behaviors while in the detoxication center or length of stay. Those with the highest urine alcohol concentrations had shorter stays in the detoxication center. Implications for further studies are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Acceptability of nonabstinence treatment goals among alcoholism treatment programs.

The main objective of this study was to identify the number and type of alcoholism programs in the province of Ontario, Canada, which endorse treatment goals other than complete abstinence. A survey of all alcoholism programs in the province revealed that 36.7% of the programs found nonabstinence goals appropriate for at least some clients. Endorsement of nonabstinence goals was lowest for detoxication centers and residential treatment services, and highest for nonresidential programs and assessment-referral services. Endorsement of nonabstinence goals was higher among programs aimed at young people and those associated with the criminal justice system. Within a treatment program, the use of various kinds of assessment methods and treatment modalities did not appear to be closely associated with the endorsement of abstinence vs nonabstinence treatment goals.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1985

Research and treatment: the need for a combined effort.

Institutional, ideological, practical, and logistical constraints have impeded treatment research efforts in the substance abuse fields. There is a need for innovation in the design and conduct of treatment research studies, including studies that are less restrictive of therapists' judgments and more sensitive to individual client differences. Among the advantages of a greater collaboration between clinicians and researchers are the facilitation of research on the matching of clients to treatments and the enhanced impact of research findings on clinical practice.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Factors associated with patient dropout from an outpatient alcoholism treatment service.

Treatment dropout was studied in 172 patients (40 women) of an outpatient alcoholism treatment program. The best predictors of dropout were the length of delay between appointments, and variables related to symptom levels such as the number of prior alcohol-related arrests, the use of illicit drugs and scores on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. Of lesser importance, but in line with previous findings, were sociodemographic variables such as age, the level of social stability and the presence of dependents at home. No personality variables were found to be relevant. It is suggested that treatment programs can improve attendance by reducing the delay with which services are offered and by changing certain characteristics of treatment personnel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Discriminant analysis and the selection of patients for controlled drinking programs: a methodological note.

The criterion group classification scheme commonly used in conjunction with discriminant function analysis places individuals in the group for which their membership probability is the highest. This optimizes the proportion of correctly classified cases. The clinical utility of a discriminant based scheme may, however, be underestimated if the proportion of correctly classified cases is the only concern. For clinical purposes, attention must also be paid to minimizing serious diagnostic errors and to improving predictions for individuals. Clinicians can address these concerns by considering membership probabilities for each criterion group of interest. The utility of this approach is illustrated using data from a study in which discriminant analysis was used to identify the characteristics of problem drinkers who abstained, controlled their drinking, or continued to drink heavily after treatment.

Alcohol Drinking↗