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Biomedical subjects

A C Kennedy

Publications and source records attributed to A C Kennedy.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Prevalence of occult inflammatory bowel disease in ankylosing spondylitis.

Fifty-five patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 16 control patients matched for sex and age were examined for evidence of occult inflammatory bowel disease. In all patients evaluation included history and physical examination, barium enema, sigmoidoscopy, and rectal biopsy. The results of this study suggest that there is no increased prevalence of occult inflammatory bowel disease in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Whole body aluminium in chronic renal failure and dialysis encephalopathy.

Whole body calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen have been measured by in vivo neutron activation analysis in patients with chronic renal failure, including 9 with dialysis encephalopathy. Aluminium was also activated by this procedure, but to the same radioactive product as that from phosphorus: its presence was therefore detected as an increase in the apparent total body phosphorus above that expected for a person with the same calcium content. Patients with dialysis encephalopathy had slightly more apparent phosphorus than others with chronic renal failure, although the difference was not statistically significant. This difference corresponded to an excess of aluminium not greater than 3.3 g(95% confidence limit) which places an upper limit on excess aluminium accumulation in this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Renal function and other factors in obstructive jaundice.

Renal function and other factors that possibly affect the outcome of operation were measured in 24 patients with obstructive jaundice and in 15 non-jaundiced controls. The preoperative features that were associated with a poor postoperative recovery from obstructive jaundice were a raised serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation product concentration, infection, hypoalbuminaemia and a low glomerular filtration rate. Preoperative serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation product concentrations were raised in 4 of the 6 jaundiced patients who died after surgery but in none of the controls, in whom there was no mortality. In the jaundiced patients there was a greater incidence of postoperative renal impairment than in the controls. All patients were given mannitol during operation. Further mannitol was required after surgery in 13 of the 24 jaundiced patients in order to maintain urine flow rate despite adequate intravenous fluids being given. In contrast, only 1 of the 15 control patients required post operative mannitol. It is emphasized that repeated doses of mannitol can lead to a profound natriuresis and adequate intravenous saline should be given.

Cholestasis↗
PubMed1979

Whole body elemental composition during drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a preliminary study.

Thirty-two female patients with rheumatoid arthritis were divided into 3 groups and treated for 6 months with prednisolone, depot tetracosactrin, or indomethacin. Their whole body content of calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen was measured before and after 3 and 6 months' treatment by in-vivo neutron activation analysis. No significant changes in these body elements were observed as a result of the treatments. The average amounts of calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen were lower than normal in these patients, a finding consistent with the frequent observation of osteoporosis and muscle wasting in rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hypercalcaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: investigation of its causes and implications.

When correction was made for hypoalbuminaemia, 23 of 50 ambulant patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were found to have hypercalcaemia. When these 23 patients were studied 6 months later, 7 had hypercalcaemia as defined by the correction factor for a low serum albumin level, and 6 of these patients had raised serum ionised calcium concentrations. Biochemical studies in the 23 patients indicated evidence of hyperparathyroidism, namely, hypophosphataemia, increased serum alkaline phosphatase, hyperchloraemia, and reduced tubular reabsorption of calcium. However, serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations were normal. Only one patient had an abnormally low serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D result: this patient had a high level of urinary D-glucaric acid and was receiving phenobarbitone for treatment of epilepsy. The biochemical features suggestive of parathyroid overactivity were particularly found in patients with raised serum calcium levels. The cause of hypercalcaemia in rheumatoid arthritis remains to be explained.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Solute, amino acid, and hormone changes with coated charcoal hemoperfusion in uremia.

This investigation assesses the effect of two-hour activated charcoal hemoperfusion using a column containing 300 g of acrylic hydrogel-coated activated charcoal either alone or combined with hemodialysis on small and "middle molecule" removal in uremic patients. Comparison was made with standard five-hour hemodialysis. Two patients with dialysis encephalopathy were treated with four-hour combined hemoperfusion/hemodialysis without beneficial clinical effects. Hemoperfusion increased the clearance rates of creatinine and urate when combined with dialysis. Hemoperfusion alone removed 1.3 +/- 0.6 g (mean +/- SD) of creatinine and 0.6 +/- 0.2 g of urate, while combined hemoperfusion/hemodialysis removed 1.7 +/- 0.6 g of creatinine and 1.0 +/- 0.5 g of urate in a two-hour period. Both treatment schedules removed less solute than standard five-hour hemodialysis but were associated with comparable "middle molecule" removal. Hemoperfusion accounted for additional amino acid removal when combined with hemodialysis, while hemoperfusion alone produced significant reduction only in the amino acid cystine. Changes in the hormones thyroxine, triiodothyronine, human growth hormone, and insulin were noted during the procedures. Acceptable falls in platelet counts and fibrinogen occurred with hemoperfusion. Coated charcoal hemoperfusion may prove to have a role in the management of uremic patients, although the acrylic hydrogel-coated charcoal hemoperfusion device requires combination with techniques allowing fluid and electrolyte removal.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

The estimation of whole-body zinc and Zn turnover in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis using 65Zn tracer.

1. A method of estimating whole-body zinc, and Zn balances using a two-compartment model in combination with whole-body counting of 65Zn, is described. The method is applied to patients with rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. 2. The results suggested that there was not a wide variation in whole-body Zn and Zn turnover in individuals with these two diseases and no clearcut difference between patients with one or the other.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hyperprolactinaemia in renal disease.

Basal prolactin concentrations in 357 patients with renal disease of defined pathology have been compared with those in 210 control subjects. Elevated prolactin concentrations were found in 113 renal patients (32%) including 53 patients in whom elevated concentrations were possibly attributable to drug therapy. In the remaining 60 patients who had hyperprolactinaemia not attributable to drugs, elevated concentrations (P less than 0.005) were found exclusively in patients with impaired renal function. A significant correlation was observed between prolactin and creatinine concentrations in these patients (r = 0.45 P less than 0.005) and prolactin reverted towards normal after successful renal transplantation. A significant arteriovenous prolactin concentration difference across the kidney (mean 16% range 8-29% P less than 0.02) was found in seven patients with non-renal non-endocrine disease. It is concluded that the hyperprolactinaemia found commonly in patients with impaired renal function is only partly attributable to drug therapy. The positive correlation between prolactin and creatinine reversion of prolactin towards normal after successful transplantation and arteriovenous hormone concentration differences across the normal kidney suggests that the kidney has a important role in prolactin metabolism. Abnormal regulation of prolactin secretion in renal failure may also be involved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The relationship between uric acid and potassium in normal subjects.

The serum uric acid concentration in normal healthy subjects has been studied in relation to sex, height, weight, lean body mass measured from total body potassium and predicted from the Hume-Weyers formula (1971), total body potassium, plasma potassium and urea, and packed cell volume. The strongest correlation was found with sex, but height, weight, total body potassium, lean body mass (measured and predicted) also correlated significantly with serum uric acid concentration. However, when the sex variable was removed, the other factors lost their significant correlation. Finally, total red blood cell and plasma volumes were predicted (Hume and Goldberg, 1964) and from these an estimate of total plasma uric acid, total plasma potassium, and total red blood cell potassium obtained. Measured total body potassium was found to correlate well with total plasma potassium and total red blood cell potassium independent of sex. Total plasma uric acid correlated well with measured total body potassium when both sexes were considered and when separated into male and female groups the males retained a significant correlation as did the female group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Serum uric acid levels in England and Scotland.

A survey of serum uric acid levels in 766 subjects in England and 337 in Glasgow was carried out. There was no difference in the frequency distribution of uric acid or the mean levels in the two countries. A serum uric acid of 7 mg/100 ml or over was found in 7.2% of the men and 0.4% of the women. The previously described sex difference and association of serum uric acid with weight were confirmed. No association was found with social class. The suggestion of an increase in uric acid levels in the United Kingdom over the past 14 years is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of severe drug overdosage with charcoal hemoperfusion.

Mortality from severe poisoning remains excessively high in patients managed conservatively. In this report, charcoal hemoperfusion was used as a therapeutic aid to active drug removal in 10 patients (9 of whom were in Grade IV coma) intoxicated with a variety of drugs and a further 3 patients poisoned with the highly lethal herbicide, paraquat. All 10 patients who ingested drugs recovered. One of the 3 patients ingesting paraquat survived. The hemoperfusion treatments were associated with demonstrated drug removal. Complications associated with hemoperfusion were minor. Decreases in platelet levels were observed but were not accompanied by clinically important bleeding. The technique of hemoperfusion is simple and provides a therapeutic aid in the care of the severely poisoned patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Serum uric acid in England and Scotland.

Serum uric acid (SUA) was measured in 512 men and 254 women from two English regions and in 337 men from one Scottish region. Mean SUA levels were the same in the men (5-5 mg/100 ml) and similar in the women (3-9 and 4-1 mg/100 ml). The apparent rarity of gout in Scotsmen cannot be explained by regional differences in SUA levels or in the prevalence of hyperuricaemia (defined as SUA of 7-0 mg/100 ml or over) which was present in 6-6% of the English men and 8% of the Scots. SUA was positively correlated with weight and serum urea, and with age in women, but no variation was found with social class. Body weight was the most important predictor of SUA in both men and women and superior to measurements involving correction for height, such as ponderal index and calculated lean body mass.

Adult↗