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Biomedical subjects

A C Jones

Publications and source records attributed to A C Jones.

118 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Effects of hypothalamic extracts, neurotransmitters and synthetic hypothalamic releasing hormones on adenylyl cyclase activity in the lobes of the pituitary of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.).

Neutralized acid extracts of the median eminence of the dogfish hypothalamus were found to cause a dose-related activation of adenylyl cyclase in all lobes of the dogfish pituitary. Equal concentrations of extracts of extrahypothalamic areas of the dogfish brain did not activate the enzyme. The putative neurotransmitters melatonin, serotonin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and acetylcholine were without effect, as were the prostaglandins E1 and E2. The effects of synthetic mammalian hypothalamic hormones were also studied. Both thyrotrophin releasing hormone and gonadotrophin releasing hormone activated the ventral lobe enzyme, but had no effect on the adenylyl cyclase of the other three lobes. The tripeptide, Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2, a possible melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor had no effect on the enzyme of the neurointermediate lobe. It is suggested that all four lobes of the dogfish pituitary may be under hypothalamic control and that this control is likely to be mediated by peptide hormones, as in mammals.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison between saliva stimulants and a saliva substitute in patients with xerostomia and hyposalivation.

The purpose of this study was to assess patient preference and product efficacy of three non-prescription products for the symptomatic relief of xerostomia. The study group consisted of 80 individuals with a complaint of chronic (> six months) xerostomia and an unstimulated salivary flow rate of < 0.1 mL/min. The three products--a sorbitol/xylitol-sweetened chewing gum, a sorbitol-sweetened sour lemon lozenge, and a sorbitol/xylitol-sweetened artificial saliva substitute spray--were assigned in a permuted block randomization scheme. Each product was used for two weeks with an interval of one week between trials. The study did not identify any product to be statistically significant in terms of patient preference. Kruskal-Wallis testing revealed no statistical significance (P > 0.589) among the products. No product demonstrated marked efficacy in stimulating salivary output. ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey HSD testing revealed no significant difference between the baseline paraffin-stimulated mean flow rate and the gum- and lozenge-stimulated flow rates.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determinants of breast cancer screening among inner-city Hispanic women in comparison with other inner-city women.

A telephone survey of a random sample of Rhode Island women ages 40 and older residing in minority low-income census tracts--census tracts in the lowest quartile of a variety of socioeconomic indicators in which at least 5 percent of the population was classified as Hispanic or non-Hispanic black--was conducted in 1991, focusing on breast cancer screening. Hispanic women were found to have about half the breast cancer screening rate (20 percent, according to current screening guidelines) of other respondents (37 percent). Determinants of screening were explored to suggest reasons for this difference. The Health Belief Model was used to identify and compare determinants of breast cancer screening (sociodemographics, health care utilization, perceived susceptibility to breast cancer, perceived seriousness of breast cancer, cues to screening such as a provider's recommendation, and the perceived benefits and costs of screening) among Hispanics, non-Hispanic whites, and non-Hispanic blacks. Hispanics were younger, less educated, and had lower family incomes than other women residing in minority low-income census tracts, were less likely to receive medical care, to perceive themselves as susceptible to breast cancer, and to perceive breast cancer as curable. Logistic regression analyses revealed the importance of use of health care, cues for screening, and perceptions of mammography to explain the screening behavior of Hispanics and non-Hispanics alike. Access to medical care is a significant problem in the Rhode Island Hispanic community, related to recent immigration, undocumented immigration, and low income characteristics of its members. Efforts to increase long-term screening for breast cancer in this community should focus on access while paying attention to its unique perceptions of breast cancer.

Adult↗