African Americans in ophthalmology.
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Black or African American↗
Biomedical subjects
A C Hansen
Publications and source records attributed to A C Hansen.
In vitro investigation of the St. Jude Medical Isoflow centrifugal pump: flow visualization and hemolysis studies.
Centrifugal blood pumps have become valuable therapeutic tools for cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. In addition, surgeons have used them as temporary ventricular assist devices, and this type of pump is also being developed for use as a permanent assist device and total artificial heart. However, centrifugal pumps create flow patterns that are significantly different from those the blood experiences physiologically. The St. Jude Medical Isoflow centrifugal pump has been used clinically during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, yet no experimental results have been reported that describe the flow patterns within this pump or that quantify the hemolysis generated over a range of operating conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the flow patterns and hemolysis during 4 operating conditions. The experimental operating conditions included the design condition (6 L/min, 2,500 rpm, 350 mm Hg), a high flow condition (10 L/min, 2,500 rpm, 330 mm Hg), a low flow condition (2 L/min, 2,500 rpm, 370 mm Hg), and a near surge condition (2 L/min, 3,000 rpm, 550 mm Hg). The flow visualization results demonstrated that the flow within the impeller was well aligned with the impeller blades except near the inlet at the high flow condition. In contrast, the flow through the outlet was well aligned at the high flow condition while there was evidence of particle impact at the design condition, and the flow was disturbed at the low flow and near surge conditions. The indices of hemolysis (IH) for the 3 operating conditions at 2,500 rpm were 0.0082 +/- 0.0026 (mean +/- SD) for the design condition, 0.0035 +/- 0.0014 for the high flow condition, and 0.0326 +/- 0.0050 for the low flow condition. The indices for high and low flow were significantly different from that for the design condition (p < 0.05). The IH for the near surge condition (0.0748 +/- 0.0039) was significantly higher than that for all other conditions (p < 0.05). In addition to describing the flow patterns within the Isoflow, this study independently validated St. Jude Medical's reported IH at the design condition and showed how that IH significantly changed based on operating conditions.
Blood Flow Velocity↗
Alcohol and drugs (medical and illicit) in fatal road accidents in a city of 300,000 inhabitants.
During a 1-year period all fatal road accidents in the police district of Aarhus, Denmark, were investigated regarding the presence of alcohol, medical drugs or narcotic substances, and the nature of the accident. Out of a total of 30 accidents 24 were investigated. Two thirds had been caused by the victim him- or herself. In one third of the accidents alcohol was present and considered an important contributory factor. Medical drugs and narcotic substances played a lesser role.
Accidents, Traffic↗
A novel type of DNA-binding protein interacts with a conserved sequence in an early nodulin ENOD12 promoter.
The pea genes PsENOD12A and PsENOD12B are expressed in the root hairs shortly after infection with the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae or after application of purified Nod factors. A 199 bp promoter fragment of the PsENOD12B gene contains sufficient information for Nod factor-induced tissue-specific expression. We have isolated a Vicia sativa cDNA encoding a 1641 amino acid protein, ENBP1, that interacts with the 199 bp ENOD12 promoter. Two different DNA-binding domains were identified in ENBP1. A domain containing six AT-hooks interacts specifically with an AT-rich sequence located between positions -95 and -77 in the PsENOD12B promoter. A second domain in ENBP1 is a cysteine-rich region that binds to the ENOD12 promoter in a sequence non-specific but metal-dependent way. ENBP1 is expressed in the same cell types as ENOD12. However, additional expression is observed in the nodule parenchyma and meristem. The presence of three small overlapping ORFs in the 5'-untranslated region of the ENBP1 cDNA indicates that ENBP1 expression might be regulated at the translational level. The interaction of ENBP1 with a conserved AT-rich element within the ENOD12 promoter and the presence of the ENBP1 transcript in cells expressing ENOD12 strongly suggest that ENBP1 is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of ENOD12. Finally, the C-terminal region of ENBP1 shows strong homology to a protein from rat that is specifically expressed in testis tissue.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Neuropeptide-converting enzymes in cerebrospinal fluid: activities increased in pain from herniated lumbar dis, but not from coxarthrosis.
We measured activities of dynorphin-converting enzyme (DCE), substance P endopeptidase (SPE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 13 patients with rhizopathic pain from an herniated lumbar disc, in 9 patients with pain from coxarthrosis and in 11 control patients without pain. In the patients with disc hernia and coxarthrosis, another sample of CSF was analyzed 3-12 months after treatment, when pain had subsided. The DCE activity in the patients was higher than that in both the control patients and the patients with pain from coxarthrosis (nociceptive pain). Similarly, the activity of SPE was lower in the patients with herniated lumbar disc than in controls and in the patients with coxarthrosis. After treatment, the difference in activity compared to controls was lower, but still significant in patients with herniated discs. The ACE activity did not differ from controls in patients with ischialgia, while it was increased in patients with coxarthrosis. This increase also remained after arthroplasty with pain relief. In conclusion, measurements of neuropeptides may be useful for evaluating neuropathic pain.
Adult↗
[Alcohol, drugs and narcotics in suicides in the Aarhus police district].
For a period of one year all suicides in Aarhus police district were investigated with a view to identifying the presence of alcohol or drugs in the body of the deceased. Fifty-one suicides occurred, 46 of which were examined. One third of the suicides were due to poisoning and one fourth to hanging. Alcohol was detected in 20% and drugs or narcotics were found in approximately 60%. The most frequent findings were benzodiazepines, analgetics, antidepressants and carbon monoxide. Approximately 40% of the deceased had received psychiatric treatment.
Adult↗
Two cases of lethal nitrazepam poisoning.
This case report describes two cases of lethal poisoning caused by a combination of advanced chronic disease and an overdose of nitrazepam. In both cases, a relatively small blood concentration of nitrazepam was found postmortem.
Aged↗
[Deaths among drug addicts in Denmark. A forensic medical study of deaths among drug addicts during the period 1991-1992 related to the period 1984-1985].
This study includes all deaths among drug addicts in the years 1991 (n = 219) and 1992 (n = 214) investigated at the three institutes of forensic medicine in Denmark. The results are compared with deaths among drug addicts in 1984-1985. The number of deaths among drug addicts increased by approximately 50% in 1991-1992 compared with 1984-1985. The increase was most significant among drug addicts over 35 years of age. The cause of death was intoxication in three-quarters of the cases in 1991-1992. In half of these cases heroin/morphine had caused death, while intoxications caused by methadone accounted for approximately 30% of the cases. In the metropolitan area the frequency of methadone intoxications increased significantly compared with 1984-1985, whereas the number of heroin/morphine intoxications did not change. Outside the metropolitan area, however, a significant increase in heroin/morphine intoxications was noticed. In all parts of the country the number of propoxyphene intoxications decreased to a few annual cases. The most commonly used drugs of abuse were heroin/morphine, diazepam and methadone, often in combination with alcohol.
Adolescent↗
[Methanol poisoning in alcohol abusers].
Methanol (wood alcohol) is sold in Denmark only to factories and laboratories with a certified knowledge of the substance or to individuals holding a special licence. Methanol is nowadays used as a solvent or for syntheses only. During a six-year period three cases of methanol poisoning were found in a selected forensic material. A screening for alcohols is routinely performed in connection with all medicolegal autopsies when the presence of alcohols cannot be ruled out in advance. All three cases concerned men accustomed to a substantial intake of alcohol. Two of the cases were accidental deaths due to methanol poisoning. The third case was suicide committed by the ingestion of a herbicide containing methanol. Methanol poisonings are rare, but do still occur. It is, therefore, important for physicians to be aware of the symptoms and know the treatment.
Adult↗
[Validity of postmortem alcohol determination].
The aim of this study was to establish the confidence interval for the determination of alcohol in post-mortem material. The calculations in the study concern cases in which two blood samples had been taken from a dead body with the purpose of determining alcohol content of the blood. The confidence interval (calculated as twice the standard deviation) was found to be 0.50 per thousand. The study confirms the previously established slight decrease in the concentration of alcohol in the blood during the first hours after death. No post-mortem alcohol production was found to have taken place during the first 24 hours (approx.) if the body had been kept at a low temperature. It is concluded that a confidence interval of 0.50 per thousand should be applied in the evaluation of post-mortem alcohol determination. In cases of visible putrefaction of a corpse an individual assessment must be made.
Autopsy↗
Abuse of codeine separated from over-the-counter drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid and codeine.
In Denmark a new trend concerning the abuse of codeine has been observed. Danish drug abusers have discovered that codeine is easily separated from certain drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid and codeine. When separated the codeine can be used either orally or intravenously. Three different drugs combining acetylsalicylic acid and codeine are available in Denmark, but codeine is only easily separable from one of these. Applying the same procedure to the two other drugs produces unpredictable or unfavourable ratios of codeine to acetylsalicylic acid. In several countries, however, similar drugs combining acetylsalicylic acid and codeine are available. It is not possible from a list of constituents to predict how easily codeine can be separated from a particular drug. Therefore it is strongly recommended that relevant drugs are tested at local forensic laboratories. In case codeine is found to be very easily separated from a product appropriate action should be taken.
Aspirin↗
[Salicylic acid poisoning].
The study analyses the role of salicylic acid (SA) in fatal intoxications with special reference to potentially avoidable, accidental poisonings. The study indicates a relation between SA intoxication and the presence of an infection of the respiratory tract. All deaths in Denmark in the period 1980 through 1989 registered as caused by SA were analysed as were all deaths submitted to forensic toxicological examination in a defined region of Denmark in the years 1985 through 1989. During the decade 1980 through 1989 the number of fatal intoxications due to SA increased from approx. five per year to approx. 23 per year. During the same period the sales of SA decreased. Many deaths in the material were registered as accidental, and an increasing frequency of accidental deaths was seen with a lower social level. Frequently, an infection of the respiratory tract was either indicated in a hospital case record or a police report, or found at autopsy.
Adult↗
[Deaths due to poisoning in Denmark in 1983-1987].
Deaths due to poisoning in Denmark during the five-year period 1983-1987 are described on the basis of the information from the register of causes of deaths in the Danish Institute of Clinical Epidemiology. The average annual number of deaths due to poisoning was 935.63% of these were suicides, 21% accidents, less than 1% manslaughter and in 16% of the cases the manner of death had not been established. 68% were due to medicaments, nearly half of these unspecified, 25% were due to carbon monoxide, 5% to alcohol, and 2% to other causes. The value of this account is restricted by the fact that not all of these deaths were submitted to medico-legal investigation, and that there were technical limitations in the classification and coding of causes and manners of death. In this connection, it is emphasized that almost one third of the deaths due to poisoning were caused by an unknown medicament. Differences in manners and causes of death are noted by comparing the results of this account to the material from the institutes of forensic medicine concerning chemically investigated deaths due to poisoning. This account applies to the prophylaxis of deaths due to poisoning, with special reference to medical drugs in general, carbon monoxide, alcohol, alcohol in combination with medicaments or narcotics, and over-the-counter analgesics containing acetylsalicylic acid. It is concluded that a more carefully examined representative material is required.
Cause of Death↗
Health-care delivery to minority citizens: an update.
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Black or African American↗
[Treatment of acute chloroquine poisoning].
Acute chloroquine poisoning is life threatening with risk of death from apnoea and cardiac arrhythmia within a few hours of ingestion. Mechanical ventilation, infusion of pressor agents and large doses of diazepam seem to provide effective treatment. This treatment was introduced by Riou et alii (N Engl J Med 1988; 318; 1-6), and we used it successfully in a case of severe chloroquine poisoning. Intensive treatment was given during the first two days of intoxication, when the whole blood chloroquine phosphate concentration was high (more than 10 mumol/kg), corresponding to absorption from the gut and distribution to the organs. Hereafter the whole blood chloroquine phosphate concentration decreased increasingly slowly, probably due to equilibrium with tissue stores.
Acute Disease↗
[Creatinine clearance as a goal for the glomerular filtration rate].
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Cimetidine↗
[Measurement of alcohol in saliva with a test strip].
As the concentration of alcohol in saliva follows the concentration of alcohol in the blood meticulously, a test strip to measure alcohol in saliva would provide an easy and rapid method of semiquantitative estimation of the blood alcohol concentration. The authors have submitted Alco-Screen test strips to trial by comparing five different batches by measurement on aqueous solutions of alcohol, saliva to which alcohol had been added and also in practice. The batch variations were very great and the results obtained on aqueous solutions and saliva with added alcohol were too high whereas the results in practical use were, in general, too low. In addition, it was found that the colour of the reagent field was difficult to compare with the reference fields. Instructions for use were incomplete and easily misunderstood.
Adult↗
[Fatal lighter-gas sniffing].
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Adolescent↗