The incidences of lung cancer and breast cancer in women in Glasgow.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
A C Graham
Publications and source records attributed to A C Graham.
New state mosquito records for Vermont including a checklist of the mosquito fauna.
Collections of mosquitoes in Vermont during 1980 and 1989 have resulted in 9 new state records, including species of Psorophora and Wyeomyia for the first time. A checklist of all species occurring in the state is also given.
Animals↗
Aspergillosis in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
A case is described of a 3-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) who presented initially with aspergillosis of the nasopharynx. Fungal infection with Aspergillus species is not uncommon in immunosuppressed children, but this case is noteworth in that the disease presented at the onset of therapy rather than during the phase of treatment, with maximum immunosuppression following chemotherapy. This type of infection is usually associated with the treatment of acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemias (AML) rather than ALL, and prolonged periods of neutropenia which results from aggressive treatment. This patient responded rapidly to treatment with amphotericin B, coincident with resolution of his neutropenia as the underlying disease was treated, eventually eradicating the fungus.
Amphotericin B↗
Lack of cross-resistance between efrotomycin and antibacterial agents used in the therapy of human and animal infections.
Efrotomycin is an N-methylhydroxypyridone glycoside antibiotic with activity primarily against Gram-positive bacteria. It is intended for use as a feed additive for swine. Although efrotomycin is unrelated to any antibacterial drug used in human or veterinary medicine, the possibility of cross-resistance with other antibacterials is of concern. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of efrotomycin were determined for a broad panel of bacterial isolates. In addition, the susceptibility of each isolate to 12-15 antibacterials was determined using a standardized disk susceptibility test. No evidence of cross-resistance between efrotomycin and any of the 12-15 antibacterial compounds was observed. When the MIC of efrotomycin for nine selected isolates was increased from 16- to greater than 100-fold by serial passage in subinhibitory concentrations of efrotomycin, no increased resistance to the 15 antibacterials was noted. Subinhibitory concentrations of efrotomycin had no effect on the conjugative transfer of antibacterial-resistance plasmids between K-12 strains of Escherichia coli. The data from this study suggest that if resistance to efrotomycin should occur, it is unlikely to result in the appearance of multiply-resistant bacterial populations.
Animals↗
Genetics of sensitivity of Salmonella species to colicin M and bacteriophages T5, T1, and ES18.
Nearly all of 62 strains of Salmonella paratyphi B were sensitive to colicin M and phage T5 but resistant to phages T1 and ES18 and to colicin B. All tested S. typhimurium strains were resistant to colicin M and phage T5, and many were sensitive to phage ES18. A rough S. typhimurium LT2 strain given the tonA region of Escherichia coli or S. paratyphi B became sensitive to colicin M and phage T5. We infer that the tonA allele of S. paratyphi B, like that of E. coli, determines an outer membrane protein that adsorbs T5 and colicin M but not phage ES18, whereas the S. typhimurium allele determines a protein able to adsorb only ES18. The partial T1 sensitivity of a rough LT2 strain with a tonA allele from E. coli or S. paratyphi B and also the tonB(+) phentotype of an E. coli B trp-tonB Delta mutant carrying an F' trp of LT2 origin showed that S. typhimurium LT2 has a tonB allele like that of E. coli with respect to determination of sensitivity to colicins and phage T1. Rough S. paratyphi B, although T5 sensitive, remained resistant to T1 even when given F' tonB(+) of E. coli origin. Classes of Salmonella mutants selected as resistant to colicin M included: T5-resistant mutants, probably tonA(-); mutants unchanged except for M resistance, perhaps tolerant; and Exb(+) mutants, producing a colicin inhibitor (presumably enterochelin). Some Exb(+) mutants were resistant to a bacteriocin inactive on E. coli but active on all tested S. paratyphi B and S. typhimurium strains (and on nearly all other tested Salmonella). A survey showed sensitivity to colicin M in several other species of Salmonella.
Bacteriophages↗