Introduction: the happiness in all our lives.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A C Crocker.
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This study provides statistically appropriate head circumference reference curves for males and females with Down syndrome (DS) from birth to 36 months of age. A total of 239 males and 182 females from five study populations, yielding a combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal data, were used for the analysis. The method of least squares was used to test the fit of the growth model y = a+bx+c[log(x + 1)], where x is age in months. These standardized curves should provide information of value in the medical, physical, and developmental management of children with DS.
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A schema for measuring the effects of prevention programs in mental retardation was presented using items that are quantifiable, accessible, and pertinent to disability outcomes. These elements relate to interventions in the prenatal, perinatal, and childhood periods. They also reflect improvements in agency systems. The items were classified as service indicators, risk indicators, and incidence/prevalence information. The list is called "The Fateful Forty-Three" because of its intimate alliance with the stakes for children now and in the future. Representative data were given for these components, as were the sources for gathering such information. The inventory was proposed to be used as a program checklist and a base for discussion and planning.
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Parents of children with a wide variety of chronic health conditions (N = 910) were surveyed about their use of health services, out-of-pocket expenses for health care and related items, and ratings of the importance of health and support services. The financial burden on this middle-class, insured sample was substantial, with about half indicating some out-of-pocket expenses for travel, parking fees, drugs and medication, bills after insurance payments, and doctor charges. The commonalities found in parents' reporting of important services needed support the use of a noncategorical approach to program planning and policy development for children with special health care needs.
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The significant developmental special needs of young children with congenital HIV infection require evaluation, training and education, therapy, and other supports. These services would usually be guided by developmentalists in a child study center, who are in close alliance with the medical, educational, and community service components of child and family care. Concerns about the infectiousness of these children are manageable and not a major threat in the setting of developmental services.
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Centile charts for assessment of stature and weight reflecting expected deficient size and growth rate of home-reared children with Down syndrome are presented for two age intervals, 1 to 36 months and 2 to 18 years, based on 4650 observations on 730 children. Data were pooled and used to estimate five centiles which were smoothed using a flexible mathematical function. These data corroborate other studies of growth in children with Down syndrome demonstrating deficient growth rate throughout the growing period, but most marked in infancy and again at adolescence. Children with Down syndrome in the present sample were taller than those from institutionalized samples at all ages throughout the growing period. Children with moderate or severe congenital heart disease on average were 1.5 to 2.0 cm shorter and about 1 kg lighter than those without or with only mild disease. Mean weight and weight divided by stature squared show that children with Down syndrome have a tendency to be overweight beginning in late infancy and throughout the remainder of the growing years.
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