The cyclized C-terminal dipeptide of arginine vasopressin: metabolic stability and antagonism of puromycin-induced amnesia.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A C Church
Publications and source records attributed to A C Church.
The influence of mouse genotype on the changes in brain cyclic nucleotide levels induced by acute alcohol administration.
Two mouse strains (C57BL/6By and BALB/cByJ) were found to differ widely in their sleep-time response to ethanol (3 g/kg), but showed no difference in their hypothermic response to the same ethanol dose. Comparison of brain cyclic nucleotide levels in the two strains revealed a strain difference in the brain cyclic AMP response to ethanol but no strain difference in the magnitude of the brain cyclic GMP change. Alcohol produced a significant drop in cerebellar cyclic GMP in both strains, and a decrease in cerebellar cyclic AMP in C57BL/6By mice. The cyclic AMP/cyclic GMP ratio increased following alcohol in the cerebellum of BALB/cByJ mice but not C57BL/6By mice. The results are discussed in terms of possible relationships between alcohol-induced changes in neurochemistry and behavior.
Animals↗
Alcohol intake in selected lines of mice: importance of sex and genotype.
Mice selected by McClearn and Kakihana for differences in ethanol-induced sleep time were used as subjects. In Experiment 1, mice from the long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) lines were offered a choice of water or solution GS consisting of 3% glucose and .16% sodium saccharin (w/v); or a choice of water or solution GS + E that contained GS solution plus 4% ethanol (w/v). In Experiment 2, mice from the first experiment were provided with a three-way choice among water, solution GS, and solution GS + E. In both experiments, SS mice (alcohol-insensitive) consumed more GS + E than LS mice (alcohol-sensitive). In addition, female mice drank considerably more GS + E solution than male mice. Thus, consumption of sweetened ethanol in both a two-way choice (water and GS + E) and a three-way choice (water, GS, and GS + E) is dependent on both genotype and sex. High genetic sensitivity to ethanol was associated with low consumption, and vice versa. Although females consumed more alcohol than males, famales of these lines have not been previously found to show lower sensitivity to acute alcohol administration.
Alcohol Drinking↗
Salsolinol differentially affects mice selected for sensitivity to alcohol.
Salsolinol, a compound putatively formed following alcohol ingestion, differentially decreased the activity of lines of mice after 18 generations of genetic selection for alcohol sensitivity. Low doses of salsolinol produced significantly lower activity levels in the alcohol-sensitive long-sleep (LS) line than in the alcohol-insensitive short-sleep (SS) line. A hypnotic dose of salsolinol induced significantly longer sleeptimes in the LS line than in the SS line. Results are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that salsolinol-like substances may mediate some of the effects of alcohol on the central nervous system.
Acetaldehyde↗
Vasopressin potentiates the stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation by norepinephrine.
Vasopressin, a peptide that appears to enhance the consolidation process of memory was studied for its ability to stimulate the accumulation of cyclic AMP in slices of the mouse hippocampus. While vasopressin alone exhibited no effects in this system, it substantially potentiated the effects of norepinephrine. Such actions are discussed in reference to an endogenous brain vasopressin system, and they suggest a possible neuromodulator role for vasopressin.
Animals↗
Behavioral effects of salsolinol and ethanol on mice selected for sensitivity to alcohol-induced sleep time.
Two lines of mice, selected for differential sensitivity to alcohol, were tested following intracisternal administration of salsolinol, a compound putatively formed following ethanol ingestion. Both lines showed dose-dependent decreases in activity following salsolinol. When injected with ethanol, alcohol-insensitive short-sleep (SS) mice increased in activity while alcohol-sensitive long-sleep (LS) mice showed no change. Measures of coordination, taken following ethanol, demonstrated that LS mice were more incapacitated than SS mice. Salsolinol effects are discussed with reference to possible adrenergic blocking actions. Genetic differences in sensitivity to the incoordinating effects of alcohol were found.
Acetaldehyde↗