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Biomedical subjects

A C Burden

Publications and source records attributed to A C Burden.

108 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Plasma renin activity in diabetes mellitus.

1. The plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured in 76 diabetic patients who were attending an outpatients clinic. Of these patients 16 had untreated hypertension and 28 had diabetic complications, which ranged from microaneurysms to renal failure and blindness. 2. Compared with age- and sex-matched normotensive control subjects, both normotensive and hypertensive diabetic patients had significantly higher PRA (P less than 0.001). 3. Hypertensive diabetic patients also showed a higher PRA than matched hypertensive control subjects (P less than 0.005). There were no significant differences between diabetic patients with hypertension or complications compared with those without these features. 4. Although this elevation of PRA could be due to a change in another component of the renin-angiotensin system, hypersecretion of renin is the most likely explanation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effect of protease inhibitors on leucocyte migration inhibition to tuberculin extract (P.P.D.).

The protease inhibitors, Epsilon Amino Caproic Acid (E.A.C.A.) and Aprotinin were found to significantly increase the inhibition produced by P.P.D. in the Leucocyte Migration Test (L.M.T.). Dose-response curves showed that the most effective concentrations were for E.A.C.A. 0.01 M and Aprotinin 100 I.U./ml. In a series of 29 subjects with a range of Heaf reactivity this finding was consistent providing that there was a significant inhibition to P.P.D. alone. At these concentrations, cell viability was unaffected and the effect of the drugs could be reversed by washing. The exact mode of action of these inhibitors in the L.M.T. requires further elucidation.

Aminocaproates↗
PubMed1978

Why do protease inhibitors enhance leucocyte migration inhibition to the antigen PPD?

Epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA) and Aprotinin significantly increase the inhibition to PPD in the leucocyte migration test (Burden, Stacey, Wood & Bell, 1978). This is not due to increased leucocyte inhibition factor (LIF) generation. The proteolytic inhibitors prevent the loss of activity of LIF due to prolonged incubation in the presence of serum. Both have a significant effect on the target cells (Polymorphonuclear leucocytes) used in the assay to exaggerate the migration inhibition to LIF. These actions can be explained by decreased proteolytic breakdown of LIF.

Aminocaproates↗
PubMed1977

Secondary pituitary hyperplasia in Addison's disease.

In patients with Addison's disease, whether treated or untreated for the previous 24 hours, hydrocortisone produced only a partial suppression of their elevated adrenocorticotrophic-hormone (A.C.T.H.) levels. This is comparable to untreated myxoedema, in which administration of triiodothyronine fails to inhibit secretion of thyrotrophin (T.S.H.). In myxoedema, however, continued treatment produces normal T.S.H. levels. Inadequate A.C.T.H. suppressibility in patients with Addison's disease while on treatment may be due to the maintenance of a secondary pituitary hyperplasia by inadequate replacement therapy. This may be clinically important, especially in the genesis of Nelson's syndrome.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1977

Is dextran 70 a lymphocyte mitogen?

Dextran 70 ('Lomodex') roduced significant increases in thymidine incorporation in a modified whole-blood method of investigating lymphocyte blastogenesis. This blastogenesis occurred at molar concentrations of 7 X 10(-6) and 7 10(-5). At 7 X 10(-7) mol/l dextran alone did not significantly increase thymidine incorporation; however, when this concentration of dextran was added simultaneously with phytohaemagglutinin there was a significant increase in incorporation. Conversely when dextran was added before P.H.A., thymidine incorporation was decreased. These variable effects indicate that dextran 70 may be a B-cell mitogen. Dextran 70 is widely used and these effects on lymphocyte blastogenesis may be clinically relevant.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1977

Acetylator phenotype in diabetic neuropathy.

The proportions of slow and fast acetylators in a group of diabetics with symptomatic peripheral neuropathy were compared with those in a group of diabetics who had had the disease for at least 10 years without developing neuropathy. There was a significantly higher proportion of fast acetylators in the group of diabetics without neuropathy than in those with neuropathy or in the normal population. Hence genetic factors separate from the diabetic diathesis may determine the development of neuropathy in any particular diabetic.

Acetylation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Asian children.

A survey was conducted in 1984-85, within Leicester City boundaries, which contains 64,535 children below the age of 15 years (20,267 Asian and 44,268 White Caucasian) to ascertain the prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) using a central register maintained for the changeover to U-100 insulin, diabetic health visitor index cards, hospital admissions of diabetic children, and individual registers maintained by us. Overall prevalence per thousand for children aged 0-15 years was 0.54 for Asian and 0.99 for White Caucasians; for ages 10-15 years they were 0.97 and 1.87, and for ages 0-9 years, 0.31 and 0.38, respectively. This was not statistically different at the 5% level. Ours is the first population based study of its kind in Asian children, and challenges the view that there is a large difference in the prevalence of IDDM between Asians and White Caucasians. A wider analysis of this observation incorporating a large population base is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening for diabetes in pregnancy: is a random blood glucose enough?

It has been suggested that a single random blood glucose measurement, timed in relation to food, can be used to determine those women needing a formal oral glucose tolerance test for the detection of gestational diabetes. One hundred and ten pregnancies have been screened to compare the results of a formal oral glucose tolerance test with timed venous plasma glucose measurements taken throughout the day. At the suggested thresholds of 6.1 mmol/l (within 2 h of eating) and 5.6 mmol/l (at greater than 2 h of food), random blood glucose testing is specific and excludes most normal women. However, the sensitivity of the test is low, and the majority of those with impaired glucose tolerance would be missed. Random blood glucose measurement is not a sufficiently sensitive method for detecting gestational diabetes as presently defined.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood diabetes mellitus: an increasing incidence.

The incidence of childhood diabetes was determined using the register of Leicestershire children with diabetes and from the population of Leicestershire. The register was commenced in the 1940s and has continued since then prospectively, being based on individual consultant records, specialist nurse records, and the Register of Births and Deaths. Accuracy was determined from hospital admission data and the U 100 insulin conversion register achieved in 1983. The incidence rates for all children of 0-14 years inclusive in the decade 1951-1960 was 3.84 patients per 100,000 per year. This increased to 5.34 during the period 1961-1970, and further increased in the years 1971-1980 to 10.6 patients per 100,000 per year. This was significant (p less than 0.05) using the 95% confidence interval of the odds ratio and very significant (p less than 0.001) by regression analysis (correlation coefficient r = 0.79). Statistically significant changes were found in each of the age groups 0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years, and for girls and boys within those age groups (except boys aged 10-14 years).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased incidence of end-stage renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus in Asian ethnic groups in the United Kingdom.

Diabetic renal disease is more common in patients of Asian ethnic origin than White Caucasians in the United Kingdom. This study determines whether a disparity in the incidence of end-stage renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus exists between these ethnic groups. The incidence of treated end-stage renal failure was estimated using the person-time at risk incidence rate for patients receiving renal replacement therapy secondary to diabetes mellitus in the county of Leicestershire from 1979 to 1988. The incidence rate of end-stage renal failure expressed for the estimated population of patients with diabetes mellitus in patients of Asian ethnic origin was 486.6 (95% CI, 185.1 to 788.1) cases per million person-years per year, compared to 35.6 (17 to 54.2) in White Caucasians. All patients of Asian ethnic origin developing end-stage renal failure had non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The high incidence of end-stage renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus in patients of Asian ethnic origin in the UK imparts significant public health implications for resource planning and allocation, and the need to initiate strategies to ameliorate renal disease in this ethnic group.

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cow's milk and type 1 childhood diabetes: no increase in risk.

A retrospective case-control study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the early introduction of cow's milk and the subsequent risk of developing Type 1 diabetes (< 15 years at diagnosis). A total of 268 children who developed diabetes during the period 1980-1990 (11 years inclusive) in Leicestershire were identified. Age-, sex-, and race-matched controls were identified using the Leicestershire population register. Parents of children with diabetes and their controls completed a structured questionnaire on infant feeding habits from birth. A total of 184 questionnaires (67%) were analysed. There was no difference between the diabetic and control children with respect to the introduction of cow's milk at an early age and the risk of developing diabetes (odds ratio: 0.98 (0.65-1.47)). In addition, short duration of breast-feeding (< 3 months) had no influence on the incidence of diabetes (1.05 (0.64-1.75)). This study does not support the hypothesis that the early introduction of cow's milk or a short duration of breast-feeding increases the risk of developing Type 1 diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myocardial infarction and thrombolysis: a comparison of the Indian and European populations on a coronary care unit.

We reviewed the ward admission notes of 211 Indian and 192 European patients admitted over a period of 12 months to a coronary care unit. More Indian patients had myocardial infarctions (34% vs 27%, p < 0.05); they were more likely to have diabetes mellitus (47% vs 14%, p < 0.001), but less likely to smoke (19% vs 67%, p < 0.001). Fewer Indian patients were treated with thrombolysis (49% vs 80%, p < 0.001), late presentation being the principal reason (62% vs 40%, p < 0.05). The referral rates for exercise stress testing and cardiac catheterisation were not significantly lower for Indian patients. The Indian patient admitted into a coronary care unit is more likely to have had a myocardial infarction and yet less likely to receive care comparable to that of his European counterpart.

Adult↗