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Biomedical subjects

A Butler

Publications and source records attributed to A Butler.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Growth inhibitory effect of sodium azide in chemosensitivity assays.

In vitro chemosensitivity assays based on colony counting are plagued by persistent incidence of false-negative results. To avoid serious predictive errors, some investigators have utilized positive controls (known toxic compounds) as a quality control measure. Sodium azide (NaN3) at 6 mg/ml failed to inhibit colony formation in 17/35 (49%) assays; while in the thymidine incorporation assay, sodium azide was effective in inhibiting 124/131 (95%) specimens. Positive control substances for use in chemosensitivity assays must be carefully selected to insure accurate results.

Azides↗
PubMed1987

Effects of toxic chemicals on the release of pyrimidine compounds in cell culture.

Exposure of hamster embryo cells and BF lymphoblastoid cells to 18 known toxic substances and four nominally nontoxic substances results in the release of pyrimidines (and their nucleosides) into the culture medium. The extent of release is dependent on the specific chemical and the specific cells present in the assay. BF cells are not affected by exposure to benzo(a)pyrene, while the hamster embryo cells exhibit enhanced excretion on exposure to benzo(a)pyrene. This difference in response may be due to the difference in endogenous aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (BaP) activity. In contrast, diethylstilbestrol, which is metabolized by a peroxidase-mediated enzyme system, causes enhanced excretion in both cell types. Direct alkylating agents and Ni(+2) salts also cause enhanced excretion in both cell types. We have used concentrations of chemicals that give a 5% enhanced excretion as the criterion of low-dose response. Within the range of concentrations tested, chromate induces enhanced excretion in BF cells but not the HEC cells, and Pb(+2) induces enhanced excretion in HEC cells but not the BF cells. Benzene, dimethylnitrosamine, and Mg(+2) did not affect either cell type. 7,12-Dimethylbenzo(a)anthracene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, phenylazoaniline, N-methyl, N-nitroso, N'-nitroguanidine, dioxane, and pyrene cause enhanced excretion in the hamster embryo cells while benzo(e)pyrene, ZnSO4 and cholesterol do not cause enhanced excretion in the hamster embryo cells. Of those chemicals causing enhanced excretion, the concentration range bracketing 5% enhanced excretion approximated low-dose exposures reported to result in toxic responses like cancer, teratogenesis or pulmonary disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Market to recruit, manage to retain. An overview of effective marketing strategies.

Marketing of health care agencies to nursing audiences is necessary in the present climate of severe staff shortages. An overview of the essential components of a marketing program is presented together with a variety of strategies designed to achieve a successful result. A model for the marketing of a health care agency to potential new employees is provided. Success in recruitment must be matched by management strategies designed to retain staff.

Australia↗
PubMed1986

Toxic response of hamster embryo cells on exposure to mixtures of Ni2+ and benzo(a)pyrene.

Exposure of hamster embryo cells (HEC) to mixtures of benzo(a) pyrene and soluble Ni2+ neutral salts elicits additive responses in the enhanced nucleoside excretion assay. Ni2+ shows no significant excretion response until concentrations near 10 microM are reached. Addition of 0.4 micromolar benzo(a)pyrene and 30 microM, or 325 microM Ni2+ to HEC cultures results in total excretion equal to the sum of excretions induced by the individual chemicals. These observations suggest that excretion of pyrimidines may be a useful measure of biological dosimetry.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The survival of treated hypertensive patients and their causes of death: a report from the DHSS hypertensive care computing project (DHCCP).

A prospective study has been carried out to determine the causes of death and risk factors for survival in 4994 patients referred with a diagnosis of hypertension to hospital specialist clinics and 457 patients treated by their general practitioners for this condition. At the time of entering the prospective study, 69% of the patients were already being treated for hypertension. Four hundred and eleven patients have died, and their causes of death and death rates have been compared with the rates for the population of England and Wales. Ischaemic heart disease accounted for over one-third of the deaths and stroke for one-fifth. The death rates for these conditions were two to five times those expected for men and women aged 50-59 years and up to twice the rate expected for the age group 60-69 years. Survival in these selected patients was impaired by the following independent risk indicators: cigarette smoking, previous history of myocardial infarction or stroke, diagnosis of angina, impaired renal function and raised blood sugar. The following factors were not independent positive risk factors: smoking a pipe or cigars, obesity, a low plasma potassium and an elevated serum uric acid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Osteogenic sarcoma in pregnant women. Prognosis, therapeutic implications, and literature review.

This study of 18 pregnant women with concomitant osteogenic sarcoma of bone analyzes the important assertion whether this sarcoma and pregnancy have an adverse interaction. For comparison we matched the pregnant osteogenic sarcoma patients with nonpregnant women with the same skeletal tumor location and histologic appearance as well as similar age distribution. There was no worsening of prognosis of pregnant osteogenic sarcoma patients, and neither the pregnancy nor the disease appeared to act adversely toward the other. The 18 pregnant women with osteogenic sarcoma fared no better (nor worse) than the nonpregnant women with osteogenic sarcoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Osteogenic sarcoma of the skull. A clinicopathologic study of 19 patients.

The authors studied 19 patients with well documented osteogenic sarcomas arising in the skull, which represent 1.6% of all osteogenic sarcomas registered during a 60-year period (1921-1981). Ten sarcomas were primary, de novo tumors. Nine others developed secondary osteogenic sarcomas; among these, six arose as a complication of Paget's disease, two followed irradiation, and one was associated with pre-existent fibrous dysplasia. The sarcomas arose in equal proportion in both sexes with the men being much older (mean age, 44 years) as compared to the women (mean age, 31 years). Patients with de novo osteogenic sarcomas were considerably younger than those with secondary lesions. Osteoblastic osteogenic sarcoma was by far the most common histologic variant in both the primary and the Paget's sarcomas. None of the patients with Paget's sarcoma lived longer than 1 year; the median survival here was 4 months. Patients with de novo osteogenic sarcomas fared much better and there are four long-term survivors (longer than 3 years) who are currently disease-free.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Postradiation osteogenic sarcoma of bone and soft tissues. A clinicopathologic study of 66 patients.

Sixty-six patients with well-documented osteogenic sarcomas arising in bones and soft tissues after exposure to x-rays, which represent approximately 5.5 percent of all osteogenic sarcomas registered since 1921 at this institution, were studied. These secondary sarcomas occurred in equal proportion in both sexes, with the sixth decade of life being the most common age. In 42 patients, the bone had been normal at the time of irradiation, whereas in 24, the radiation was directed against an osseous tumor or tumor-like lesion. The median latent period was 10.5 years in both groups, ranging from 3.5 to 33 years. The radiation varied from diagnostic quality to 1 MeV x-rays. The dose was variable, but none was less than 2000 rads. Postradiation osteogenic sarcomas most commonly arose in the bones of the pelvic and shoulder regions. Histologically, the sarcomas were mostly of the fibrous type (46%) and radiographically showed a destructive bone lesion with or without signs of radiation osteitis. The cumulative disease-free survival rate at 5 years was 17%, with a median survival estimate of 1 year.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Mental distress in mothers of young children in Harrogate.

Two hundred and forty women with young children who were patients in a Harrogate general practice were studied. About a third of them were found to be suffering from 'mental distress'. Younger mothers were more affected. The number of spacing of their children were not related to symptoms of depression and anxiety, but poor personal relationships and difficulties getting out and about were so related, despite relatively affluent circumstances. Children of distressed mothers were more inclined to be disturbed. A controlled trial using amitriptyline involving 25 of the women suggested that this drug can improve depressive symptoms under these circumstances and that the improvement is likely to be maintained over the course of a year.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Osteogenic sarcoma in the American black.

This clinicopathologic study of 100 American black patients with osteogenic sarcoma diagnosed and treated at this Medical Center from 1921-1979, inclusive, demonstrates a progressively increasing proportion of black patients admitted for this disease. The relative upsurge became especially pronounced in the 1970s. The ages of the patients ranged from 3 to 58 years (median, 16, mean 19.2 years). The age distribution shows that blacks, on the whole, are younger than whites when they develop these tumors, and this is particularly evident in the black girls. Skeletal locations for osteogenic sarcomas, in general, are similar in both races, except that the tibia and the fibula were involved significantly more frequently in the blacks while the humerus was afflicted less commonly. The clinical stage of disease on presentation, the duration of signs and symptoms, the histologic subclassification of the tumors, and the radiographic appearances closely matched in both races. The numbers of patients with Paget's sarcomas were also evenly distributed. Twenty-nine patients are currently alive with the 2-year and 5-year disease-free survival being 42% and 32%, respectively. There are no differences in the survival of black as compared to white patients, either for the entire duration of the study or for the period after 1974. The poorer prognosis of cancer in blacks does not apply to osteogenic sarcoma patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Osteogenic sarcoma associated with Paget's disease of bone. A clinicopathologic study of 65 patients.

Among 1177 osteogenic sarcoma patients diagnosed and treated at Memorial Hospital, 65 (5.5%) were associated with either monostotic or polyostotic Paget's disease. The overall median age was 64 years (range, 39-82 years). In those patients older than 40 years of age, the frequency of sarcomatous transformation rose to 27%. There were slightly more men (55%) than women. The most common skeletal sites were the pelvic bones (34%), the humerus (22%), the femur (19%), and the craniofacial bones (14%). Unrelenting pain and tender swelling were the most common presenting symptoms (85%), with pathologic fracture in 14 (22%) patients. In two-thirds of the cases, the radiographic presentation was that of a lytic destructive lesion; while in the others it showed a sclerotic, mixed, or permeative character. In almost one-half of the cases, the histologic appearance of the osteogenic sarcomas was either fibrohistocytomatous or osteoblastic. In spite of radical surgical amputations, only three patients survived longer than 5 years. The prognosis of Paget's sarcoma is significantly less favorable than in osteogenic sarcoma arising de novo in patients of comparable age.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Metastatic adenocarcinoma presenting as bilateral blindness.

A 71-year-old man had bilateral shallow retinal detachments. An extensive medical work-up was unrevealing. A "skinny-needle" biopsy of retrocrural lymph nodes under computed tomographic control supported a diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma to his choroid. A review of the literature on metastatic ocular cancer is presented.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 124 patients.

One hundred-twenty-four patients with this rare and special variant of osteogenic sarcoma were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1921 through 1979, representing 11% of all of osteogenic sarcomas. The lesions were predominantly lytic, destructive tumors with only minimal sclerosis on roentgenograms and soft as well as cystic on gross examination. Histologically, aneurysmally dilated spaces lined or traversed by sarcoma cells producing osteoid were noted. The differential diagnosis both radiographically and histologically included several benign lesions like aneurysmal bone cyst and giant cell tumor, among many others. It was found that telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma is relatively frequent in the femoral diaphysis and in the distal end of the femur. Twenty-nine percent of the patients present with pathologic fracture, or this develops later. Age and sex distribution, or clinical signs or symptoms were those of ordinary osteogenic sarcomas. No differences in survival rates were found in lesions that were purely lytic or those with minimal sclerosis. Similarly, no differences in survival were noted when comparing patients with telangiectatic or ordinary osteogenic sarcoma. As a matter of fact, definite increase in survival was found in patients treated since 1975 with preoperative multidrug chemotherapy employing high-dose methotrexate. Adriamycin, and the combination of bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, and dactinomycin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Estrogen receptor protein in breast cancer as a predictor of recurrence.

Estrogen receptor protein (ERP) determinations of primary cancers of 1034 patients with primary breast cancer were done. ERP-positive patients tended to have a lower recurrence rate and had significantly improved survival. This difference was most apparent in patients with four or more axillary nodes involved. ERP-positive patients who recurred had a better survival. ERP did not influence response that adjuvant chemotherapy, nor did the presence of progesterone receptor or femtomole level of ERP affect recurrence.

Breast Neoplasms↗