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Biomedical subjects

A Bundgaard

Publications and source records attributed to A Bundgaard.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effects of pulmonary inhalation of water and histamine aerosols on nasal airflow resistance in man.

We investigated the effect of aerosols inhaled into the lungs on nasal airflow resistance (Rnaw) using a constant inflow pressure method with measured airflow. Isotonic saline and water aerosols produced no immediate significant change in Rnaw and forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1); however, water gradually decreased FEV1 and increased Rnaw, the response being maximal 10-15 min after provocation. Histamine aerosol significantly increased Rnaw in healthy subjects, asthmatics and asthmatics with allergic rhinitis. There was also a corresponding decrease in FEV1. The increase in Rnaw and the decrease in FEV1 were reversed by inhalation of terbutaline (10 mg . ml-1). Similarly, terbutaline in patients with mild asthmatic attacks decreased Rnaw and increased FEV1. Since terbutaline applied locally into the nose is known to increase Rnaw, we conclude that lung provocation can increase nasal Rnaw, presumably via nervous pathways.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Measurement and regulation of nasal airflow resistance in man.

A method for measuring human nasal airflow resistance (Rnaw) is described. Air flows at constant pressure through both nasal cavities via a face mask and out through the mouth. Airflow is inversely related to Rnaw. The method has several advantages over many other methods for measuring Rnaw, in particular allowing aerodynamic separation of nose and lungs, and frequent measurements over long periods without discomfort to or intervention with subjects or patients. We have used this method to obtain standard values of Rnaw in healthy subjects and in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis. Age has a negative correlation with Rnaw but no sexual difference was seen. Cigarette smoking increases Rnaw especially in young adults. Patients with rhinopathy have much higher resistances than healthy subjects, but those with asthma alone do not. Rnaw is sensitive to changes in ventilation and lung volumes; deep inspiration and oral hyperventilation decrease Rnaw, while deep expiration, nasal hyperventilation and breath-holding increase it. Hypoxia and hypercapnia locally applied in the nose increase Rnaw. It is suggested that these changes are predominantly due to changes in control of the nasal vascular bed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A sensitive double isotopic, chromatographic method for the determination of histamine. I: Studies with authentic histamine.

This paper presents a method for the determination of histamine using an internal standard of 14C-labelled histamine, which together with an unknown sample of unlabelled histamine is dansylated with 3H-labelled dansyl chloride. The products of this dansylation are then separated on thin-layer-chromatographic plates coated with micropolyamide. The spot of dansylhistamine is scraped off and the content of histamine in the unknown sample is calculated from the 3H/14C-ratio in the spot.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1984

Non-hydrolysed and hydrolysed soy protein. A human immunological study.

Daily consumption of soy protein has increased during recent years. Twelve healthy subjects and 12 atopic patients were given 30 g non-hydrolysed soy protein (NHS) or 30 g hydrolysed soy protein (HS) daily during a 3-month period. There were no changes in the following immunological parameters: IgE with specificity for NHS or HS, IgG with specificity for NHS, crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis with NHS and skin prick test using NHS or HS. Hypertrophy of the pancreas in rats exposed to excessive peroral intake of soy flour has been reported. In our study the size of the pancreas was measured before dosing began and at the end of the study by means of ultrasound. No change in size was shown. Daily intake of 30 g NHS and 30 g HS gave rise to gastrointestinal discomfort, while 15 g of both soy protein preparations were usually accepted.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cardiovascular effects of intramuscular or inhaled terbutaline in asthmatics.

8 stable asthmatics were at random given placebo, 0.125 mg, 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg and 1 mg terbutaline intramuscularly or 2.5 mg as inhalation. Systolic time intervals, echocardiographic parameters and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured. Maximal circulatory and respiratory response was obtained after 0.5 mg and 0.25 mg, respectively. The circulatory effect of 2.5 mg inhaled terbutaline equalled 0.125 mg given intramuscularly, while this dosage elicited maximal bronchodilator effect. Thus, nebulized terbutaline has only a minimal circulatory effect, and even the intramuscular dosages were without dramatic circulatory side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Physical training in bronchial asthma.

Physical exercise is advocated as an important form of preventative medicine and in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. This review looks at whether a similar approach may be of value in chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD). Few studies have been properly controlled and outcome measures are not well defined. However, it is clear that exercise is safe and increases work capacity and sense of well being.

Asthma↗
PubMed1984

Antigen-free diet in adult patients with atopic dermatitis. A double-blind controlled study.

The efficacy of an antigen-free diet on the activity of atopic dermatitis was examined in a double-blind study, comprising 33 adults with severe atopic dermatitis. The antigen-free diet (Vivasorb) was compared to a placebo diet during three weeks of hospitalization. Twenty-five patients were evaluable, two of whom had their diet stopped after a few days due to exacerbation. Nine patients improved, while 16 patients were unchanged. Among those who improved five patients had Vivasorb and four placebo diet. In the remaining group 11 patients had Vivasorb and five had placebo. Four patients reported of less pruritus, sleeplessness and antihistamine consumption (three Vivasorb, one placebo) while 21 did not (13 Vivasorb, eight placebo). Thus, there were no significant differences between the groups. Paraclinical studies of circulating eosinophilocytes, serum IgE, orosomucoid, HLA-antigens, and immunofluorescence of skin biopsies showed no differences between the Vivasorb and the placebo groups. The results from the examination of this relatively small number of patients suggest that elementary intolerance plays little role in the etiology of atopic dermatitis in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Comparative efficacy of different methods of nebulising terbutaline.

The efficacy of terbutaline inhaled from different aerosol systems was studied in 13 adult asthmatics. Terbutaline 1 mg was delivered from a pressurised aerosol, 1 and 4 mg were inhaled from a nebuliser, 1 mg was inhaled through a pressurised aerosol with a pear-shaped, 750 ml spacer, and 1 mg was inhaled from a nebuliser with Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (I.P.P.V.). An open, randomized, cross-over design was used. The bronchodilator effect was evaluated by recording hourly flow-volume curves and the FEV1.0 for 5 h after treatment. No significant difference in bronchodilatation was observed after inhalation of 1 mg terbutaline from different aerosol systems, except following use of the nebuliser, which required approximately four times as much terbutaline to obtain the same effect as the ordinary spray.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Short-term physical training in bronchial asthma.

The effect of two types of physical training on patients with perennial asthma were compared in a blind, controlled, randomized study. Eleven of 27 adults with asthma performed a physical training programme which did not change their oxygen consumption (control group). The remaining 16 asthmatics performed a physical training programme which improved their maximal oxygen consumption (training group). Both of the training programmes were performed for 1 hour, twice a week during a period of 2 months. No complications were reported during the performance of the training programmes. The doses of all medicines apart from beta 2-agonist aerosol were unchanged during the training period. The patients inhaled beta 2-agonist aerosol if their peak expiratory flow (PEF) was less than 60% of their maximal PEF. The training group decreased their use of aerosol from an average of 4.94 puffs per day to 3.41 puffs per day (P less than 0.05). The control group did not change their use of beta 2-agonist aerosol significantly. It is concluded that physical exercise which improves the maximal oxygen consumption decreases the use of beta 2-agonist spray and that heavy exercise is well tolerated by asthmatics.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1983

Eosinophilia and myocardial ischemia secondary to polyarteritis. A discussion of pathogenesis on the basis of a case history.

The importance of eosinophilia in patients with severe polyarteritis causing myocardial ischaemia is discussed in connection with a case history. A 20 year old man complaining of recurrent episodes of dyspnoea was found to have a very high eosinophil count, and no allergy as assessed by prick test, RAST and histamine liberation test. The eosinophilia responded to steroid treatment. The patient died 2 years later, at which time his eosinophilia had recurred, of heart failure, with pericardial and pleural effusions and a congested liver. Post-mortem examination showed severe ischaemic changes in the myocardium and chronic inflammatory changes in the small branches of the coronary arteries. The pathologic diagnosis was polyarteritis (in some degree of remission) confined to the heart. Since the clinical and electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia and cardiomyopathy in patients with polyarteritis and/or eosinophilia can be difficult, other non-invasive investigations are indicated when there is a suspicion that the heart may be affected. Echocardiography, and possibly endomyocardial biopsy may be used at an early stage to assess the response to immunosuppressive treatment. Prophylactic treatment of any associated clotting disorder should be considered. The aetiology and pathogenesis of polyarteritis is unknown, but endothelial damage caused by eosinophilia early in the disease process may be important. Adequate treatment should therefore be given in order to reduce the eosinophil count and a close follow-up is essential in order to diagnose a relapse of the eosinophilia early and thereby possibly prevent fatal cardiac complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Exercise-induced asthma - laboratory observations.

The lability of the asthmatics ventilatory capacity, which is assessed during and after exercise (exercise-induced asthma (EIA) ), includes a rise during exercise and a fall after exercise. The importance of including both the rise and the fall in the calculation of the response is stressed. Ten exercise tests during one day did not exhaust the exercise-induced ventilatory lability in adult asthmatics. It is stressed that conclusive studies concerning the pretreatment of EIA must be placebo-controlled, double-blind. Inhaled beta-2-agonists were found to give better protection against EIA than intramuscular dosed beta-2-agonists. The inhalation of 2.5 mg terbutaline was equivalent to injecting about 1/4 mg of terbutaline as assessed by the cardiac effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pretreatment of exercise-induced asthma with sequential inhalations of fenoterol as aerosol and as powder (first of two parts).

Fifteen adult asthmatics participated in a controlled open randomized study to compare the efficacy on exercise-induced asthma of pretreatment with 1 mg fenoterol administered as inhalation powder and from a pressurized aerosol. Both types of treatment were inhalations of 5 single doses of 0.2 mg fenoterol over a period of 10 minutes. A run of 6 minutes was carried out on a treadmill in a climate chamber 30 minutes after the beginning of the pretreatment, at the same time of day on three days. After pretreatment with the pressurized aerosol a fall was seen in peak expiratory flow of 28% (+/- 5%, SEM) and after pretreatment with inhalation powder the fall was 18% (+/- 4%). This is a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Double-blind pretreatment of exercise-induced asthma with sequential inhalations of fenoterol from an aerosol and as a powder (second of two parts).

Eighteen adult asthmatics participated in a placebo controlled, double-blind, randomised study comparing the efficacy of pretreatment with fenoterol administered by pressurized aerosol and as a dry powder on exercise-induced asthma. The dosages used were 0.6 mg and 1.0 mg as both pressurized aerosol and dry powder. The pretreatment was given over a period of 10 min. Six min of treadmill-running was performed in a climate chamber 30 min after pretreatment on five successive days. The lung function was assessed by peak expiratory rate. The decrease in lung function following pretreatment with placebo was 32% (average +/- (SEM) (2). Falls of 9% (2) and 8% (1) were seen after pretreatment with 0.6 and 1.0 mg from a pressurized aerosol. The falls following pretreatment with 0.6 and 1.0 mg of dry powder were 8% (2) and 8%, respectively. It is concluded that pretreatment of exercise-induced asthma with a beta-2-agonist is equally effective whether dosed from a pressurized aerosol as when given as a dry powder. A dose of 0.6 mg is just as effective as a dose of 1.0 mg when inhaled over a period of ten min.

Adult↗