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Biomedical subjects

A Browne

Publications and source records attributed to A Browne.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Information processing and communication deviance in schizophrenic patients and their mothers.

Tests of attention/information processing, the continuous performance test (CPT) and the span of apprehension task (SAT), were given to 25 schizophrenic patients and their mothers. Measures of communication deviance also were obtained from the mothers. Comparison of these assessments in the mothers revealed different transactional profiles for good attenders and poor attenders on the CPT and on the SAT. The relationships between generations (patient and mother) differ from the within-individual relationships. CPT performance by the patient is not significantly correlated with scores from the mother. However, SAT performance by the patient could be related to SAT performance by the mother and specific communication deviance factor scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Gender and victimization by intimates.

Recent data demonstrate that, although gender has an impact upon the experience of being a victim of an intimate's violence, there is no particular personality pattern that leads one to become a victim. Rather, women--who are socialized to adapt and submit, and who are likely to become victims of men's sexual violence or physical abuse--may not develop adequate self-protection skills as children, especially if they come from childhood homes in which females are victimized, leading to a later vulnerability to physical and sexual abuse. Men, however, socialized to express anger and aggression in an outward manner, learn to model the abuse witnessed or experienced in childhood and often learn that women are the "appropriate" recipients of this violence. Social learning theories of modeling and aggression are used to explain how such personality patterns develop, and the theory of learned helplessness is used to explain battered women's coping responses to their partners' abusive behavior. The extreme situation, in which a battered woman kills her partner in self-defense, is analyzed in order to understand women victims' sense of desperation and entrapment in severely abusive relationships and the extent to which their behaviors are in reaction to the abuse perpetrated by the mate.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Whole-brain death reconsidered.

The author, a philosopher, suggests that the concept of death should be left as it is 'in its present indeterminate state', and that we ought to reject attempts to define death in terms of whole-brain death or any other type of brain death, including cerebral death and 'irreversible coma'. Instead of 'fiddling with the definition of death' clear rules should be established specifying 'what can be appropriately done to whom when'.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1979

[Not Available].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

History, Early Modern 1451-1600↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethical issues encountered by dentists in the care of institutionalized elders.

Increasing numbers of institutionalized elders have very poor oral health. It has been suggested that ethical problems may influence dentists who attempt to provide oral care for these people, but little attention has been given to research in this area. A qualitative interview method was used to investigate the the views and experiences of dentists working with institutionalized elders. Particular attention was given to the ethical difficulties encountered and how the dentists resolved them. Ten dentists experienced in long-term care were interviewed individually by means of open-ended questions. Thematic analysis identified ethical problems focused on the difficulty of identifying the wishes of patients or predicting the outcome of treatment. The participants reported few difficulties in making clinical decisions in this setting. However, analysis revealed that the ethical perspectives of the dentists varied substantially. Variation was notable particularly in their preference for ideal or practical treatment and in their preference for autonomy of beneficence.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The normal shoulder during freestyle swimming. An electromyographic and cinematographic analysis of twelve muscles.

The shoulder in swimming is subjected to multiple factors that can lead to a high injury rate. To prevent injury, one must understand the biomechanics of swimming. This paper describes the electromyographic and cinematographic findings of 12 shoulder muscles in competitive swimmers without shoulder pain. The results show the three heads of the deltoid and the supraspinatus functioning in synchrony to place the arm at hand entry and exit, the rhomboids and upper trapezius to position the scapula for the arm, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi to propel the body, the subscapularis and serratus anterior as muscles with constant muscle activity, the teres minor functioning with the pectoralis major, and the infraspinatus active only to externally rotate the arm at midrecovery. This information is important to design optimal preventative and rehabilitative exercise programs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The painful shoulder during freestyle swimming. An electromyographic cinematographic analysis of twelve muscles.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the patterns of activity of 12 shoulder muscles in painful shoulders, and compare those patterns of activity with normal shoulders. The results show significant differences in 7 of the 12 muscles. Those muscles included the anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, infraspinatus, subscapularis, upper trapezius, rhomboids, and the serratus anterior. There were no significant differences between muscle activity patterns of normal versus painful shoulders in the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, teres minor, supraspinatus, or the posterior deltoid. This information will contribute to the development of muscle conditioning programs to optimize performance and prevent injury, as well as develop programs for scientific rehabilitation strengthening.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of the research and development officer.

This article describes some of the barriers to professional development and discusses how research and development (R&D) officers can overcome these and support their colleagues in clinical practice.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Are midwives ready for the proposals for change?

This paper analyses the results of a small study into what midwives feel about the specific proposals for changes to the delivery of maternity services as outlined in Changing Childbirth. The paper explores the important issues of midwives' attitudes to the proposed changes and how they view their current working situation. The author concludes from the survey that midwives need to reappraise their attitudes to women and childbirth, and that greater support from senior midwives is essential.

England↗