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Biomedical subjects

A Broughton

Publications and source records attributed to A Broughton.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Application of adrenocorticotropin assays in a routine clinical laboratory.

The radioimmunoassay of ACTH was used in a routine laboratory to localize the site of the lesion in 20 patients with Cushing's syndrome. Eight of the patients had no detectable circulating ACTH and had adrenal tumors removed, 12 had high levels and were diagnosed as having pituitary Cushing's syndrome. Very high levels of plasma ACTH were found in eight patients who had primary adrenal insufficiency, while ACTH was undetectable in ten patients with secondary hypoadrenalism. The routine use of this assay in endocrinology should reduce the hospitalization of patients under investigation for disorders of the pituitary--adrenal axis. Eight patients who had the ectopic ACTH syndrome and carcinoma of the lung were found to have very high levels of ACTH with no diurnal variation. Forty-seven patients with oat-cell carcinoma but without evidence of the ectopic ACTH syndrome had normal ACTH levels. A possible role of ACTH and other peptide hormones as tumor markers is mentioned.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immune activation and autoantibodies in humans with long-term inhalation exposure to formaldehyde.

Four groups of patients with long-term inhalation exposure to formaldehyde (HCHO) were compared with controls who had short-term periodic exposure to HCHO. The following were determined for all groups: total white cell, lymphocyte, and T cell counts; T helper/suppressor ratios; total Ta1+, IL2+, and B cell counts; antibodies to formaldehyde-human serum albumin (HCHO-HSA) conjugate and autoantibodies. When compared with the controls, the patients had significantly higher antibody titers to HCHO-HSA. In addition, significant increases in Ta1+, IL2+, and B cells and autoantibodies were observed. Immune activation, autoantibodies, and anti-HCHO-HSA antibodies are associated with long-term formaldehyde inhalation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunologic abnormalities in humans exposed to chlorpyrifos: preliminary observations.

Twelve individuals who were exposed to chlorpyrifos were studied 1-4.5 y following exposure to determine changes in the peripheral immune system. The subjects were found to have a high rate of atopy and antibiotic sensitivities, elevated CD26 cells (p < .01), and a higher rate of autoimmunity, compared with two control groups. Autoantibodies were directed toward smooth muscle, parietal cell, brush border, thyroid gland, myelin, and ANA. Chlorpyrifos exposure was implicated in the immunologic abnormalities reported. The immunologic changes were similar to those reported for other pesticides.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of cardiac and vascular amplifiers in the maintenance of hypertension and the effect of reversal of cardiovascular hypertrophy.

Changes in amplifying capacities of the hypertrophied heart and resistance vessels account for the characteristic evolution of haemodynamic patterns in the course of essential hypertension. Reversal of hypertrophy in established essential hypertension requires prolonged control of blood pressure. Redevelopment of hypertension on stopping drug therapy is slowest if there has been reversal of both vascular and cardiac hypertrophy. It may be possible to subsequently maintain normal blood pressure in a proportion of patients by non-pharmacological means following the initial period of drug therapy. Preliminary findings suggest that in a majority of patients the sympathetic nervous system may be overactive, whilst a smaller subset may have dysfunction of volume regulation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A radioimmunoassay for tallysomycin.

Antibodies were raised against a new antineoplastic agent, tallysomycin, for use in a radioimmunoassay. The assay was sensitive to 2.5 ng of tallysomycin, had a coefficient of variation of 10.5% at 50 ng/ml, and was highly specific for tallysomycin A. The antibody exhibited reduced cross-reactivity with closely related tallysomycin analogs and little or no immunoreactivity with other antitumor antibiotics including bleomycin and phleomycin. Increased immunoreactivity occurred following copper chelation of tallysomycin B as compared with the non-chelated forms, thus indicating possible conformational alterations upon metal binding.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗