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A Brauner

Publications and source records attributed to A Brauner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Difference in the blood monocyte phenotype between uremic patients and healthy controls: its relation to monocyte differentiation into macrophages in the peritoneal cavity.

The phenotypic alterations between blood monocytes from 11 patients with end-stage renal disease, who had been on peritoneal dialysis for less than one week, and blood monocytes from 10 healthy controls, were analyzed. In addition, peritoneal macrophages in the dialysate effluent were enclosed. Analysis of functional receptor density was performed using immunostaining and flow cytometry. The phenotypic characterization was selected to represent various biological functions such as adhesion, phagocytosis (CD11b/CD18, CD11c/CD18, CD16), antigen-presentation (HLA-DR, ICAM-1), differentiation (transferrin receptor, CD71), receptor for LPS (CD14) and initiation of the coagulation cascade (Tissue factor, CD142). The proportion of CD16-positive blood monocytes and the quantitative level of ICAM-1 were higher in the patient group, compared to healthy controls. A significant increase in the quantitative level of CD11b/CD18, CD11c/CD18, HLA-DR and ICAM-1, transferrin receptor, CD14 and CD16, was found on peritoneal macrophages, compared to monocytes, harvested both from the corresponding patients, as well as from healthy donors. In contrast, we did not find any significant differences in the expression of tissue factor between monocytes and peritoneal macrophages. In conclusion, phenotypic differences exist between monocyte populations in the blood circulation of CAPD patients, and healthy individuals. We also show that transmigration of monocytes into the peritoneal cavity implies a selective up-regulation of functional receptors, preferentially related to adhesion, and antigen-presentation in a steady-state situation in non-infected CAPD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Soluble interleukin-6 receptor, interleukin-10 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in acute pyelonephritis: relationship to markers of bacterial virulence and renal function.

BACKGROUND: Cytokines and cytokine receptors are involved in the systemic and local inflammatory response in patients with urinary tract infections. METHODS: We examined urine and serum concentrations of soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), IL-10 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in 29 women with acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli 2 weeks after the infection, during the subsequent episode of cystitis or asymptomatic bacteriuria and also later when the same patients were free from bacteriuria. Concentrations of sIL-6R, IL-10 and G-CSF were related to the expression of five virulence markers of E. coli and to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after pyelonephritis. RESULTS: On admission because of acute pyelonephritis the serum concentration of sIL-6R was similar to that of 12 healthy controls. Two weeks after the infection when all patients had received antibiotic treatment, the serum concentration of sIL-6R was significantly higher compared to that on admission (p < 0.001) and also higher compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001). Patients with increased concentrations of sIL-6R in serum 2 weeks after infection had significantly lower GFR at follow-up (p < 0.05). Patients with acute pyelonephritis had higher concentrations of G-CSF and IL-10 in serum compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.001 and p = 0.06, respectively). G-CSF in serum was higher in patients infected by E. coli producing cytotoxic necrotizing factor (p < 0.05). Patients infected by strains producing hemolysin had lower concentrations of sIL-6R (p < 0.001). Patients with detectable levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in serum had significantly higher concentrations of IL-6 and the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II in serum as compared to patients in whom IL-10 was not detectable (p < 0.001, p = 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively. CONCLUSION: These investigations, together with our previous findings summarized in this paper, contribute to an increased understanding of the local and systemic inflammatory response arising in response to acute pyelonephritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Interleukin-8 is a mediator of the final cervical ripening in humans.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the human cervix and whether the levels of interleukin-8 could be related to the ripening process during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Cervical biopsies were obtained in twelve term pregnant and in eight vaginally delivered women. Seven non-pregnant fertile women served as controls. After homogenisation and centrifugation, IL-8 levels were determined in the supernatant by an enzyme-immunoassay (EIA). RESULTS: In women at term, the concentration of IL-8 increased six-fold from median 330 pg/ml to median 2190 pg/ml (P < 0.001). After the final cervical ripening it increased in additional 11-fold to median 26,100 pg/ml (P < 0.001). These changes are highly significant. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first time IL-8 has been identified in human cervix. Our results support the involvement of IL-8 in the connective tissue remodelling during the final cervical ripening just before onset of labour.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1997

Soluble receptors to tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-6 in urine during acute pyelonephritis.

We compared the urinary concentrations of soluble TNF-I (sTNF-RI), TNF-II receptors, and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) standardized to urinary creatinine concentrations, in children with acute pyelonephritis, in children with non-renal fever and in healthy controls. These levels were related to the acute inflammatory response in the kidneys and later renal scarring, as determined by acute and 1-y follow-up with 99mTC-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy (DMSA). The concentrations of the soluble receptors were measured using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The urinary levels of sTNF-RI were significantly higher in children with acute pyelonephritis (median 1320 pg/mmol) than in children with non-renal fever, children 6 weeks after acute pyelonephritis and healthy controls (873, 251 and 477 pg/mumol, respectively). Median sTNF-RII urine levels were also higher in acute pyelonephritis (4123 pg/mumol) than in the three control groups (2000, 964 and 1850 pg/mumol, respectively). In contrast, the highest urinary sIL-6R concentrations were found in healthy children (median 420 pg/mumol), compared to those with acute pyelonephritis (235 pg/mumol), children with non-renal fever and children 6 weeks after pyelonephritis (137 and 50 pg/mumol, respectively). No significant difference was found in any of the urinary soluble receptor levels in children with or without DMSA uptake defects at the acute or the 1-y follow-up scintigraphy. In conclusion, although the urinary soluble TNF receptor levels were higher during acute pyelonephritis, this observation was not useful for deciding which children needed follow-up after acute pyelonephritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Early increase of TNF alpha and IL-6 in tracheobronchial aspirate fluid indicator of subsequent chronic lung disease in preterm infants.

AIM: To investigate if early changes in concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in tracheobronchial aspirate fluid (TAF) from preterm infants could be used to detect infants at risk of chronic lung disease (CLD) and help in the selection of patients for early steroid treatment. METHODS: Twenty eight preterm infants less than 34 weeks of gestation (median 26 weeks) were intubated and daily measurements of TAF concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and the interleukins IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 were made, using enzyme immunoassay techniques. RESULTS: Seventeen of the infants developed CLD. The infants who developed CLD had significantly increased concentrations of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 on days 2 and 3. TNF alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations were significantly related to gestational age and duration of supplemental oxygen; TNF alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations also correlated with length of time on the ventilator. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that tracheobronchial aspirate fluid cytokine concentrations may be used as a predictor of subsequent CLD and may help select a group of preterm infants at high risk of developing CLD for early treatment.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1997

Cytokine gene expression during experimental Escherichia coli pyelonephritis in mice.

PURPOSE: We studied nine inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines in acute pyelonephritis and urethral obstruction in mice to better understand the processes underlying kidney inflammation and scarring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental acute pyelonephritis was established in Bki NMRI outbred mice by bladder inoculation of Escherichia coli, followed by 6 h urethral obstruction. The numbers of cytokine mRNA expressing cells for interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) were determined in the kidneys and spleens from the infected, non-infected but obstructed and untouched mice using in situ hybridization with radio-labelled oligonucleotide probes at 12 h, 48 h and 6 d after release of the urethral obstruction. RESULTS: Kidney cell expression of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA was observed already at 12 h and persisted on day 6 in the infected animals. A significant proinflammatory cytokine response occurred also in the non-infected obstructed animals, albeit later and at lower levels. A marked increase of IL-4, IL-10, TGF-beta and IFN-gamma mRNA producing cells was also found in the kidneys of these two groups again with higher levels in the infected animals. Very high numbers of splenocytes expressing mRNA for IL-1 were observed especially in the infected animals. A high proportion of splenocytes further expressed mRNA for IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma and TGF-beta, again with highest numbers in the infected group of animals. CONCLUSIONS: The present study extends previous knowledge about the local and systemic cytokine expression profiles during acute pyelonephritis and after urethral obstruction. Of particular interest was the marked kidney cell expression of mRNA for TGF-beta, presumed to be important both for obstructive and post-infectious renal scarring.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Elevated cytokine levels in tracheobronchial aspirate fluids from ventilator treated neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

UNLABELLED: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease often occurring in ventilator-treated very low birth weight infants. The aetiology of BPD is multifactorial and pulmonary immaturity, high oxygen concentrations, peak inspiratory pressure levels and large tidal volumes during prolonged mechanical ventilation are important factors. We measured in tracheobronchial aspirate fluid (TAF) the concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1 receptor antagonist in infants requiring artificial ventilation for BPD (n = 17) or respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (n = 15) or postoperatively after surgery (n = 15). The median levels of all studied cytokines in TAF were higher in infants with BPD without local or systemic corticosteroid treatment compared to the median TAF levels of BPD neonates treated with corticosteroids (P = 0.06-P < 0.01). The neonates with BPD not treated with corticosteroids also showed higher levels of the five studied cytokines in TAF compared to infants on short-time ventilator treatment (P < 0.01-P < 0.001) and compared to neonates with RDS (P = 0.07-P < 0.001). The corticosteroid treated neonates with BPD had TAF cytokine levels approaching those of the control neonates. CONCLUSION: Tumour necrosis factors alpha, IL-1 beta, IL6, IL8 and IL1ra were markedly elevated in tracheobronchial aspirate fluids from neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Corticoid treatment seemed to reduce these levels.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1996

Interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-6 in the urine, kidney, and bladder of mice inoculated with Escherichia coli.

After bladder inoculation of mice using the pyelonephritogenic Escherichia coli strain DS17, urinary interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) peaked at 0.5 h post infection (mean 233 pg/ml), interleukin-6 (IL-6) at 2 h (mean 572 pg/ml), and leukocyturia at 4 h, all three persisting for more than 24 h. In the kidneys IL-1 alpha peaked at 2 h, persisted over 24 h (mean 900-1,000 pg/ml), and decreased over 2-6 days post inoculation to a mean value of 208 pg/ml. Control kidneys showed low IL-1 alpha values. IL-6 in the kidneys peaked at 5 h (mean 9,999 pg/ml) but normalized, i.e., similar to control kidneys, by 48 h (mean 105 pg/ml). A similar cytokine response, but with tenfold lower levels, was found in the bladder tissue. The isogenic P-negative E. coli mutant DS178 elicited lower IL-6 in the kidneys at 5 h, but persisted in higher numbers in the kidneys at 6 days. Bacterial counts and cytokine levels correlated both in the kidneys and in bladder tissue, (r = 0.50-0.76, P < 0.001). Characterization of the immune response gives a better understanding of the relative importance of different bacterial characteristics for the local inflammatory process and is needed for studies of its pharmacological down-regulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in dialysate and serum from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Dialysate and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and IL-1-ra were investigated in 20 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), who altogether had 30 episodes of peritonitis. Bacterial growth was found in 25 (83%) of the dialysate samples. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the single most common microorganism, found in 44% of the culture-verified peritonitis. Samples from dialysate bags were obtained during the first month of dialysis and during peritonitis from the first three bags on day 1 (the day of admittance) and from night bags on days 3 and 10. Serum samples were drawn on days 1 and 10. The peak concentrations of cytokines occurred on the first day of infection. In dialysates, TNF-alpha was elevated in 96% of the patients, with a peak median concentration of 160 pg/mL (range, <15 to 4,400 pg/mL). Seventy-five percent of the dialysates had elevated IL-1-beta, with the highest median level of 52 pg/mL (range, <10 to 940 pg/mL), whereas all patients had elevated IL-1 ra, with a peak median value of 10,300 pg/mL (range, 470 to 79,000 pg/mL). TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-Ira were significantly higher than in corresponding noninfected samples (TNF-alpha median value, <15 pg/mL; IL-1 beta, <10 pg/mL; and IL-1-ra, 150 pg/mL; P < 0.0001, P < 0.002, and P < 0.001, respectively). In serum, elevated TNF-alpha levels were found in 92% of the episodes, but the median levels were less than one third of the corresponding lavage levels. IL-1-beta was detected in 8% of the episodes and, although IL-1-ra was found in 92% of the patients, the dialysate levels were more than 15 times higher. In dialysate, a correlation was observed for TNF-alpha and IL-Ira and also between IL-1-beta and IL-Ira. IL-1 beta and IL-1-ra also correlated with the previously analyzed IL-6, and IL-1-beta correlated with the previously analyzed IL-8. Patients infected with high virulent strains had higher cytokine levels as compared with those infected with low virulent strains. In conclusion, our study shows markedly elevated TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1-ra levels in the acute stage in CAPD patients with peritonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Tumour necrosis factor soluble receptors I and II and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in acute pyelonephritis in relation to bacterial virulence-associated traits and renal function.

Urinary tract infections activate both mucosal and systemic inflammatory responses reflected by elevation of cytokine concentrations in serum and urine. We determined urine and serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor soluble receptors I and II (sTNFR I and sTNFR II) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in 41 women with acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli, 2 weeks after the infection, during a subsequent episode of cystitis or asymptomatic bacteriuria and also later when the same patients were free from bacteriuria. Concentrations of sTNFR I, sTNFR II and IL-1ra were related to the expression of five virulence markers of E. coli, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and to the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum. Patients with acute pyelonephritis had elevated serum concentrations of sTNFR I and sTNFR II compared to healthy women (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). The concentrations of sTNFR I and sTNFR II in urine were significantly higher in patients with acute pyelonephritis compared to controls (P < 0.001 in both cases). The concentration of sTNFR II in urine was higher in patients infected by E. coli producing haemolysin (P = 0.05) and in patients infected by E. coli expressing hydrophobic properties (P = 0.05) compared to patients infected by strains without these virulence traits. Patients who had high concentrations of sTNFR II in serum during acute pyelonephritis had lower GFR at follow-up (r = -0.48, P = 0.05). Patients who responded with a marked increase in CRP had higher sTNFR I and sTNFR II in urine (r = 0.58, P < 0.01 and r = 0.48, P < 0.01, respectively). The concentrations of sTNFR I and sTNFR II in serum and urine decreased during follow-up and were lower 2 weeks after the infection when all patients were free from bacteriuria. IL-1ra in serum was elevated during pyelonephritis (P < 0.001) while that in urine was significantly lower compared to controls (P < 0.001). It is concluded that the increased concentrations of TNF receptors may block the cytotoxic and inflammatory actions and reduce the sensibility of renal cells to TNF alpha-mediated effects.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the urine of children with acute pyelonephritis and relation to renal scarring.

Urinary concentrations of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-lra) standardized to urinary creatinine concentrations were studied. The median standardized IL-1 alpha creatinine quotient in children with first-time acute pyelonephritis was 3.6 pg/mumol, but was nondetectable in children with recurrent pyelonephritis, children with non-renal febrile conditions and children convalescent after acute pyelonephritis (p < 0.05-0.01). IL-lra levels were also significantly higher in children with acute first-time pyelonephritis (median of 239 pg/mumol) compared to these three groups of children (p < 0.01-0.001). The highest urinary IL-lra levels, however, were found in the healthy controls (median value 1.019; p < 0.001). Both cytokines were higher among children younger than one year compared to older children. The acute IL-1 alpha creatinine quotients were lowest in children with uptake defects on 99mTC-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy both during the acute infection (reflecting the acute inflammation) (p < 0.001) and 1 year after the acute infection (reflecting permanent kidney scarring) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, persisting high urinary levels of IL-1 alpha were associated with less renal inflammation and scarring.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Amniotic fluid interleukins in Swedish and Mozambican pregnant women.

The aim of the study was to investigate inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6, IL-8 in amniotic fluid, in a cohort of Swedish pregnant women from early to late pregnancy and Mozambican late pregnant women with and without signs of histologic chorioamnionitis. Eleven Swedish women were studied from early pregnancy (week 16-17) to late pregnancy (week 37-38). Amniotic fluid was collected via amniocentesis in early pregnancy and also in late pregnancy during elective Caesarean section. From Mozambican women, amniotic fluid was harvested transmurally through the uterus wall during elective Caesarean section. Half of the group of 30 women showed histological signs of chorioamnionitis and half of the group did not show such signs. A statistical, significant increase in IL-1ra, Il-6 and IL-8 values from early to late pregnancy was seen in the Swedish pregnant women. Among the Mozambican women, no statistically significant increase in the above-mentioned interleukins was observed when comparing women with and without histological signs of chorioamnionitis. Term Swedish and Mozambican women did not show differences in cytokine levels. There were no detectable values of IL-1 beta in either Swedish or Mozambican women. IL-1ra, IL-6 and IL-8 increased in amniotic fluid from the second to the third trimester in the Swedish cohort. No correlation was found between histological chorioamnionitis and elevated cytokine levels of amniotic fluid in term pregnant women not in labour. An equally good cytokine response was found among Swedish and Mozambican third-trimester non-labouring women.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1996

PCR reaction and dot-blot hybridization to monitor the distribution of oral pathogens within plaque samples of periodontally healthy individuals.

The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of the putative periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, the three oral Capnocytophaga species (C. ochracea, C. sputigena, C. gingivalis), as well as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in plaque samples of periodontally healthy individuals. We chose a newly developed 16S rDNA directed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a previously described dot-blot hybridization assay to detect, differentiate, and quantify these bacteria directly in clinical samples. The subjects of these investigations were 66 sulcus fluid samples from 17 children (ages 3 to 5) attending a kindergarten, 48 sulcus fluid samples from 12 children (ages 9 and 10) from a primary school, and 25 subgingival plaque samples isolated from 6 different periodontally healthy dental students (ages 24 to 27). We were able to demonstrate the presence of P. nigrescens in 54 (kindergarten: 5; primary school: 33; students: 16) samples by PCR and quantified it by dot-blot hybridization. In addition, we found C. ochracea in 12 (kindergarten: 2; primary school: 10) samples by PCR reaction only. The other tested bacterial species were absent by the methods used. Furthermore we confirmed the specificity of our P. nigrescens-PCR in selected samples by enzyme electrophoresis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

P-fimbriation and haemolysin production are the most important virulence factors in diabetic patients with Escherichia coli bacteraemia: a multivariate statistical analysis of seven bacterial virulence factors.

Diabetic patients, as compared to non-diabetic subjects, run an increased risk of acquiring Gram-negative bacteraemia. We therefore studied the prevalence and coexpression of seven bacterial virulence markers of 69 Escherichia coli strains isolated from 64 bacteraemic patients with diabetes mellitus and 67 E. coli strains from faeces of healthy controls. The strains were analyzed for haemolysin (HLY) production, aerobactin-mediated iron uptake (AMI), cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) production, expression of cell surface hydrophobicity, P-fimbriae, mannose-resistant haemagglutination (MRHA) and mannose-sensitive haemagglutination (MSHA). All bacterial properties were significantly more common among the bacteraemic strains (P < 0.02 vs. controls). Correlations between HLY and CNF (P < 0.0004) and between P-fimbriae and MRHA (P < 0.0001), MSHA (P < 0.0002) or AMI (P < 0.05), as well as between MRHA and MSHA (P < 0.0005) were observed. In patients with proteinuria, as sign of diabetic complications in the urinary tract, HLY-negative strains, P-fimbriae-negative strains, and strains which were both HLY-/CNF-negative, were more common (P = 0.04, P < 0.01 and P = 0.048, respectively). Using a multivariate statistical analysis, production of HLY and the expression of P-fimbriae were the two virulence factors with the highest discrimination between bacteraemic and control strains. In conclusion, all virulence factors studied were more prevalent in bacteraemic than in control strains, although HLY and P-fimbriae were shown to be of greatest and independent importance. Low virulent strains (P-fimbriae-, HLY- and CNF-negative) were more prevalent in diabetic patients with signs of renal complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci from peritonitis in CAPD-patients by the PhP-CS system and REA.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most common bacteria causing peritonitis in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). In order to investigate if the same clone was responsible for the peritonitis in the different patients and if the exit site was the source of infection we followed 68 patients on CAPD for 2 years. During this period 9 patients had 12 episodes of peritonitis caused by CNS. Cultures were taken from exit site and peritoneal fluid in all patients at peritonitis and during the first study year at monthly intervals. In each culture up to 10 isolates of CNS were randomly collected and frozen. All 437 CNS isolates from the patients with CNS peritonitis were typed using a biochemical typing method and 41 isolates identical by this method were further discriminated by a DNA fingerprinting method. Identical strains were in no case isolated from different patients, indicating that no virulent strain was spread between the patients. The isolates causing the peritonitis were never found at the exist sites before the first day of the peritonitis in any patient. In only two patients was the same strain found at the exit site and in the peritoneal fluid on the first day of peritonitis. It thus seems that no virulent clone of CNS was infecting the patients and we found no evidence of CNS at the exit site causing the peritonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the urine of children with acute pyelonephritis.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are important mediators of the inflammatory response in serious bacterial infections. We studied the levels of these two cytokines (standardised for urinary creatinine) in the urine of infants and children during and 6 weeks after acute pyelonephritis and in non-renal febrile controls and healthy children without apparent infection. IL-6 was detected in the urine of 52% of children with pyelonephritis compared with 15% of other children (P < 0.001). The median urinary IL-6 level in acute pyelonephritis was 4 pg/mumol compared with undetectable levels in the control group (P < 0.001). IL-8 was detected in 98% of children with pyelonephritis and 42% of other children (P < 0.001). The median concentration of IL-8 was 188 pg/mumol in pyelonephritis; it was undetectable in controls (P < 0.001). IL-8 levels were higher in children less than 1 year of age (P < 0.001).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Urine interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in children with acute pyelonephritis, in relation to DMSA scintigraphy in the acute phase and at 1-year follow-up.

The relationship between urine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8)/creatinine quotients and 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy, performed within 10 days of acute first-time pyelonephritis and after 1 year, was studied in 41 children. The urine IL-6 and IL-8/creatinine quotients were also related to the urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and albumin/creatinine quotients. Presence of DMSA uptake defects, reflecting local inflammation, in children in the acute phase of pyelonephritis, were associated with elevated urine IL-6/creatinine quotients (median 27 pg/mumol); in children without DMSA changes there was no increase in quotients (median non-detectable) (P < 0.05). Persistent DMSA changes at the 1-year follow-up, probably reflecting renal scarring, were only seen in children with increased urine IL-6/creatinine quotients in the acute phase (P < 0.01). No correlation was found between urine IL-8 and DMSA uptake defects. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) at 6-8 weeks did not correlate with the urine cytokine levels in the acute phase. The urine excretion of NAG and albumin, reflecting renal dysfunction, was associated with values of both urine IL-6 and IL-8/creatinine quotients, but not with DMSA defects or VUR. Thus, the initial urine IL-6/creatinine quotients might be used as an indicator of risk for persistent renal damage in acute pyelonephritis.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗