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Biomedical subjects

A Brandberg

Publications and source records attributed to A Brandberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Experimental septic shock--effects of corticosteroids.

These studies were undertaken to evaluate the optimal effects of corticosteroids in an experimental septic shock model, with regard to time of therapy institution and the dose of corticosteroids (dexamethasone and methylprednisolone). Septic shock was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 5 x 10(8) live E coli bacteria/100 g body weight. Hematocrit was measured before and 4 h after injection of bacteria. Survival time was recorded continuously for 24 h and then daily for 7 days. Mortality rate correlated with hematocrit increase at 4 h in untreated control animals. Surviving rats did not increase their hematocrit, but nonsurvivors did. Survival time in untreated rats was 9.2 +/- 0.2 h (SEM). Corticosteroids significantly increased survival time when given prophylactically. This effect, however, decreased linearly with time when dexamethasone was given up to 8 h after bacteria injection. Dexamethasone (3-96 mg/kg) and methylprednisolone (19-225 mg/kg) significantly prolonged survival time. Twenty-two percent (73/329) of corticosteroid-treated animals lived longer than 24 h compared to 14% (19/135) of the controls. This difference was of borderline significance (P = 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Bacteriological and serological studies after ileovesical diversion in dogs.

The risk of urinary tract infection after ileovesical diversion was studied by means of bacteriological and serological analyses in 8 mongrel dogs. Cultures of bladder contents showed heavy growth of the same bacterial strains as were found in the distal ileum. Cultures of the pelvic urine contained lower amounts of the same strains of bacteria. The levels of serum antibody titres to Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were elevated only in 3 out of 100 sera examined. These slightly increased titres were not related to any obvious infection in the urinary tract. High C-reactive protein concentrations were noted in 3 dogs in connection with diagnosed inflammatory conditions. Colonization of the urinary tract after oral administration of selected test-strains could not be shown.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Quantitative recovery of contaminating bacteria at operation and the relation to postoperative infection in intestinal surgery.

In a prospective study of postoperative septic complications, young patients suffering mainly from inflammatory bowel disease were subjects to elective surgery. The bacterial concentration in the operative field was determined by an irrigation technique. When at least one of two irrigation fluids yielded greater than or equal to 50 CFU/ml of E. coli or S. aureus the risk of postoperative infection was highly increased (p less than 0.0001, Fisher's exact test).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Selected postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in colo-rectal surgery on the basis of bacterial concentration in the operative field.

A new approach to antibiotic prophylaxis was tested in a prospective study of postoperative septic complications in elective colo-rectal surgery. The degree of contamination in the operative field in a nontreated group was estimated by dipslide technique. When the slide yielded greater than or equal to 5 CFU of a coliform bacterium or S. aureus the patient was judged to be contaminated. This trait was significantly correlated to the development of postoperative infection. All contaminated cases in another group of patients were subjects to prophylaxis within 24 hours after peritoneal closure, using an antibiotic with a favourable MIC concerning the current bacterium (-iae). This resulted in a significant reduction of the rate of infection. These findings challenge the current concept of a very limited effective period of prophylactic systemic antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Bacteriological findings in the first 12 hours following experimental missile trauma.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate and magnitude of bacterial growth in gunshot wounds following debridement one, 6 and 12 hours after infliction of a standardized missile trauma (spherical steel bullet, 0.88 g, 6.00 mm in diameter, impact velocity 1 000 m/sec). 39 pigs were shot in one or both thighs (n of wound, 54). The skin was not cleaned before the trauma but was disinfected preoperatively. Before trauma infliction, swab samples were taken from the nose, the rectum and the skin. At the operation, all muscle tissue judged to be devitalized was removed. Samples for bacteriological culturing were taken from the removed tissue and from the margins of the wound cavity. Isolated bacterial strains were classified and a semiquantitative evaluation of the number of, bacteria was performed. Bacterial growth in the devitalized tissue was indicated in about 70% of the wounds. Cultures from tissue judged as viable and left in the wound indicated contamination in 25% of the wounds in the 1-hour group, contamination in 37 and infection in 11% of the 6-hour group, and in the 12-hour group infection in 60 and contamination in 33%. The conclusion is that wound infection can be overcome by adequate surgical treatment within 6 hours but will be out of control after 12 hours' delay. Furthermore, the results indicate that the presence of a sparse mixed flora probably creates the necessary conditions for infection with other pathogenic strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect on renal function of diversion of contents of the small intestine to the urinary bladder in dogs.

The results of this study have demonstrated that, when the urinary bladder is used as a reservoir for the intestinal contents in female dogs, no serious consequences for renal function are observed during an observation period of from six to 30 months. Further studies are in progress to analyze bladder function, the histopathologic factors of the bladder wall and the microbiology of the bladder contents.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Regional and systemic serum concentrations of 5-fluorouracil after portal and intravenous infusion: an experimental study in dogs.

The serum and urinary concentrations of 5-FU after continuous portal and jugular infusion have been followed by means of a highly sensitive microbiological assay method. Our data indicate that more than 90% of 5-FU was eliminated in the liver after continuous portal infusion of 0.625 mg x kg-1 x hr-1, corresponding to a dose of 15 mg x kg-1 x 24 hr-1. Negligible amounts of intact 5-FU were excreted into the bile, and the urinary excretion was only a few percent of the amount infused. The arterial concentration was on average tenfold higher during the continuous jugular infusion than after the continuous portal infusion, indicating that the route of administration has a pronounced effect on the disposition of 5-FU. Twenty-three percent of the jugular dose reached the liver; 77% was degraded by extrahepatic metabolism. Of these, degradation in the prehepatic splanchnic area accounted for 15%.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Methodological aspects of an agar plate technique for determination of biologically active 5-fluorouracil in blood, urine and bile.

A microbiological agar plate technique for estimation of 5-fluorouracil concentrations in blood, urine and bile from man, dog and pig was evaluated. Different bacterial test strains, media modifications and techniques for inoculation were studied. The strain Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 8043, recommended previously by Clarkson et al., was found to be the most suitable. The influence of prediffusion, dilution, antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents and their antagonists, as well as the effect of storage of samples containing 5-fluorouracil were examined. A detailed methodological description is presented. The method seems to be sufficiently sensitive and practical for routine determination of cytotoxic compounds from 5-fluorouracil in serum, plasma and urine.

Agar↗
PubMed1977

Microembolism in experimental septic shock. Distribution of platelets and fibrinogen after intravenous injection of disintegrated Pseudomonas bacteria to dogs.

Platelets were labelled with 51Cr, fibrinogen with 125I and erythrocytes with 59Fe. Disintegrated Pseudomonas bacteria were injected intravenously and radioactive measurements were made on whole blood; tissue biopsies and clottable fibrinogen. After the infection there was an immediate but transient increase of 51Cr activity in the lung concomitant with a decrease in platelet count and 51Cr activity of blood. In the liver there was a less pronounced increase of 51Cr activity. The fibrinogen concentration decreased slightly, paralleled by the 125I activity of whole blood and of clottable fibrinogen, whereas the 125I activity in the lung and liver remained fairly constant. There was no changes of 51Cr activity or 125I activity in biopsies from muscle, pancreas, small intestine, kidney or spleen. During the experiment (3h) there were no signs of significant disseminated intravascular coagulation other than platelet aggregation. A consumption of fibrinogen related to the formation of fibrin plugs could not be detected. After injection of disintegrated Pseudomonas bacteria reversible platelet aggregates were formed and temporarily trapped in the pulmonary microcirculation. This microembolism might induce tissue damage and could be of importance for the development of septic pulmonary complication.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Antibacterial effect of biological dressings in the treatment of infected wounds.

Human cadaver split skin preserved in a special transport medium (Histocon; Histo-Lab. Ltd., Göteborg, Sweden) and porcine split skin (Skintec; Genetic Lab. Inc., Minneapolis, USA), were used in thirteen patients with infected wounds. Cadaver skin made it possible to reduce applications of wound dressing to two or three times a week without aggravation of infection and made the wound bed suitable for autografting. Skintec was less reliable in these respects. The two biological dressings had equal pain reducing properties. Leukocyte agglutinins, attributable to the treatment with cadaver skin did not appear. Because of retained histological and histochemical characteristics in the preserved cadaver skin it was preferred to Skintec. A regimen consisting of initial wound toilet, antibiotic treatment, skin changing every second or third day finally made permanent skin grafting possible. Secondary gains were a reduce in nursing and dressing routine as compared to saline dressings.

Adult↗