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Biomedical subjects

A Boyle

Publications and source records attributed to A Boyle.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Differential effect of lithium on fos protooncogene expression mediated by receptor and postreceptor activators of protein kinase C and cyclic adenosine monophosphate: model for its antimanic action.

Lithium salts are the most effective agents used in treating manic-depressive illness. It has been suggested that lithium's therapeutic efficacy could be due to an inhibitory effect on either inositol phospholipid (IP) and/or cyclic nucleotide metabolism. We have investigated the effect of lithium on these two signal transduction pathways in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells by studying a common effector target, expression of the fos protooncogene. We find that lithium, at therapeutic doses, has an augmenting effect on phosphatidylinositol (PI)-mediated fos expression induced by activating a muscarinic cholinergic pathway, whereas it has no effect, at tenfold the therapeutic dose, on fos expression induced by receptor or postreceptor activators of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The lithium augmenting effect is also observed when the cells are treated with phorbol esters, which directly activate protein kinase C (PKC), suggesting that the level of lithium's interaction with the IP pathway is at the postreceptor level. We also show that phorbol esters induce extensive down regulation of subsequent cholinergic and phorbol ester responsiveness as well as heterologous down regulation of cAMP responses. Treatment of down-regulated cells with lithium leads to an enhanced responsiveness when cells are rechallenged with agonists that activate PKC but not by agonists that stimulate cAMP. We also show that carbamazepine, another antimanic agent, has an inhibitory effect on cAMP-mediated fos but no effect on the IP pathway. The opposite effects of lithium and carbamazepine on two critical transducing systems suggest a model for the antimanic action of these agents.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Personality hardiness, ways of coping, social support and burnout in critical care nurses.

Hardiness, ways of coping, social support and burnout in 103 critical care nurses were addressed in this study. Work-related and nonwork-related social support and hardiness were negatively related to burnout. Use of emotion-focused coping was positively correlated with burnout while hardiness was negatively related to the use of emotion-focused coping and positively related to both types of social support. After controlling for working nights, social support, hardiness, emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping accounted for 44% of the variance in burnout scores.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1990

Preembryo biopsy and analysis of blastomeres by in situ hybridization.

We developed a method for the biopsy of preimplantation mouse embryos (preembryos) at the four- to eight-cell stage, which uses partial zona pellucida dissection. The preembryos were collected in calcium- and magnesium-free phosphate-buffered saline solution with 0.01% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.1 mol/L sucrose, and 4 mg/ml of bovine serum albumin to facilitate removal of blastomeres. This allows entry of a fine micropipette into the perivitelline cavity with subsequent removal of a single blastomere by gentle suction. The majority of embryos (75%) from which biopsy specimens were obtained in this fashion developed to the blastocyst stage. The blastomeres obtained were mainly intact and they were fixed to glass slides. After permeabilization, in situ hybridization was performed with chromosome X- and chromosome 3-specific probes. Human unfertilized eggs and blastomeres from human polyspermic embryos also have been analyzed by in situ hybridization with chromosome specific probes. The combination of nondestructive embryo biopsy and in situ hybridization is a possible approach for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

DR4 related antisera pattern differences in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis.

Three allosera patterns of reactivity are described which appear to define subtypes of DR4 and segregate in families with different DR4 bearing haplotypes. There appears to be a preponderance of one particular subtype (termed DR4.3) occurring in type I insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, while in rheumatoid arthritis the distribution of subtypes within DR4 individuals is similar to that seen in controls. Although we refer to DR4 subtypes the proof that these sera are detecting a determinant on the DR molecule and not a product of another locus, an allele of which is linkage disequilibrium with DR4, awaits immunochemical confirmation.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1982

Assessment of cutaneous autonomic nerve functions in leprosy.

31 cases of established leprosy were studied for sweat response to acetylcholine and adrenaline injected intradermally and compared with normal areas of skin on the contralateral side in a total of 40 lesions. Sweating was measured by counting the number of blue dots which appeared on the yellow back ground of a filter paper soaked in 1% Bromophenol blue solution which represented sweat pores, whereas there was decreased, or absent sweat response in 31 lesions, there was an increased response in to acetylcholine in 7 lesions, and normal response in 2 lesions. Sweat response to adrenaline was obtained in 29 lesions. It was increased in 13 lesions all of which were anaesthetic or analgesic. Adrenergic sweating in these cases is probably a result of direct effect of adrenaline on sweat glands. Biopsy sections of 20 cases were reviewed for the histological appearance of the nerves. It was found that out of the cases who showed increased sweat response 1 had partially destroyed nerves while 2 others had intact nerves. Sweat function tests are of limited value in the diagnosis of leprosy and some autonomic function may continue in leprosy despite loss of somatic nerve function.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMed1965

Spectral and biological changes induced in nicotinic acid and related compounds by ultraviolet light.

1. Irradiation of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, nicotinamide N-oxide, N'-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide, reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide and pyridine with ultraviolet light at 253.7mmu leads to striking spectral changes. 2. Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are broken down to photosensitive intermediates which in turn undergo photodecomposition. 3. A major photoproduct of [7-(14)C]nicotinic acid is radioactive and absorbs ultraviolet light, but is inactive as a growth factor for Candida pseudotropicalis. 4. Irradiation of nicotinamide gives rise to small quantities of a biologically active photoproduct having the same R(F) as nicotinic acid. A second photoproduct is also formed, but its identity has not yet been established. 5. Irradiation of nicotinamide N-oxide leads to the formation of several photoproducts, one of which has the same R(F) as nicotinamide, absorbs ultraviolet light, and is biologically active. 6. Evidence is presented that irradiation of ethanolic solutions of N'-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide gives rise to acetaldehyde. 7. Irradiation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in the presence of acetaldehyde leads to the formation of oxidized nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, which in turn can break down to nucleotide and/or nucleoside (depending on the conditions of the reaction). 8. The quantum yields of photolysis and the molar photosensitivities have been determined for N'-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide and nicotinamide N-oxide. 9. The possible biological significance of these photoreactions is discussed in relation to photosynthesis, visual-pigment metabolism and ultraviolet-light-induced cell damage. 10. A four-step theory is presented for the biochemical evolution of oxidation-reduction systems, involving photoactivated transformations of pyridine derivatives.

Chromatography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Noncompliance revisited: a disciplinary perspective of a nursing diagnosis.

One of the nursing diagnoses accepted by NANDA is noncompliance. However, this diagnosis has been criticized because it implies coercion and dominance by health professionals, and because of the negative stereotyping the term promotes. The authors argue that noncompliance should not be used as a nursing diagnosis because of incongruence with nursing history, philosophy, ethics, theory, and the need for clinical utility of diagnoses. Alternative diagnoses are proposed.

Ethics, Nursing↗