[Lichenoid nail dystrophy induced by angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
A Bories
Publications and source records attributed to A Bories.
Treatment and valorisation of winery wastewater by a new biophysical process (ECCF).
Taking account of the high specificity of the organic load of winery effluents, a new biophysical treatment using the stripping of ethanol combined with a final concentration by evaporation has been studied. Two options are proposed: full treatment and pre-treatment. The study of the composition of winery wastewater has shown the large, dominant part of ethanol in the organic load (75 to 99% of the COD). According to a linear correlation between COD and ethanol concentration, the determination of ethanol concentration can be used to estimate the organic load of winery wastewater. Full treatment by stripping and concentration at a pilot plant allows the separation of the wastewater into highly purified water (COD elimination > 99%), a concentrated alcoholic solution usable as bio-fuel and a concentrated by-product. Stripping alone represents an advantageous pre-treatment of winery wastewater. The purification rate reaches 78 to 85% and ethanol is recovered. The process facilitates discharge into a sewage system in view of treatment with domestic effluents and can also improve the efficiency of overloaded or old purification plants. The economical approach of this method demonstrates its competitiveness in comparison with biological treatments: low energy consumed, no sludge.
Biodegradation, Environmental↗
Odorous compounds treatment of winery and distillery effluents during natural evaporation in ponds.
During treatment of winery and distillery wastewater by natural evaporation in ponds, formation of malodorous compounds induces harmful olfactory effects. In this work, we studied the origin of malodorous compounds and methods to prevent and treat odours. The formation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) from pure substrates (glycerol, lactic and tartaric acids, ethanol) and complex media (winery and distillery wastewater) was studied. Various anaerobic bacteria ferment the glycerol and produce butyric or propionic acid. Valeric and caproic acids were observed at lower concentrations than butyric and propionic acids, but their malodorous intensities were higher. Microflora produce butyric, valeric, caproic, heptanoic and octanoic acids from ethanol, the main component of winery wastewater. When nitrate (an electron acceptor) is added, catabolism leads to an anaerobic respiration phenomenon (denitrification). The organic compounds are oxidised to CO2 and the nitrate is reduced to N2 (odourless compounds), without VFA formation. The preventive treatment of odours by nitrate addition was tested on an industrial scale in winery and distillery ponds. Furthermore, the study took the effect of nitrate on VFA degradation into consideration. The results make it possible to consider using nitrate for the curative treatment of pond odours.
Carbon Dioxide↗
Effects of acetate and butyrate during glycerol fermentation by Clostridium butyricum.
The effects of acetate and butyrate during glycerol fermentation to 1,3-propanediol at pH 7.0 by Clostridium butyricum CNCM 1211 were studied. At pH 7.0, the calculated quantities of undissociated acetic and butyric acids were insufficient to inhibit bacterial growth. The initial addition of acetate or butyrate at concentrations of 2.5 to 15 gL(-1) had distinct effects on the metabolism and growth of Clostridium butyricum. Acetate increased the biomass and butyrate production, reducing the lag time and 1,3-propanediol production. In contrast, the addition of butyrate induced an increase in 1,3-propanediol production (yield: 0.75 mol/mol glycerol, versus 0.68 mol/mol in the butyrate-free culture), and reduced the biomass and butyrate production. It was calculated that reduction of butyrate production could provide sufficient NADH to increase 1,3-propanediol production. The effects of acetate and butyrate highlight the metabolic flexibility of Cl. butyricum CNCM 1211 during glycerol fermentation.
Acetates↗
Inhibition of Clostridium butyricum by 1,3-propanediol and diols during glycerol fermentation.
1,3-Propanediol inhibition during glycerol fermentation to 1,3-propanediol by Clostridium butyricum CNCM 1211 has been studied. The initial concentration of the 1,3-propanediol affected the growth of the bacterium more than the glycerol fermentation. mu(max) was inversely proportional to the initial concentration of 1,3-propanediol (0-65 g l(-1)). For glycerol at 20 g l(-1), the growth and fermentation were completely stopped at an initial 1,3-propanediol concentration of 65 g l(-1). However, for an initial 1,3-propanediol concentration of 50 g l(-1) and glycerol at 70 g l(-1), the final concentration (initial and produced) of 1,3-propanediol reached 83.7 g l(-1)(1.1 M), with complete consumption of the glycerol. Therefore, during the fermentation, the strain tolerated a 1,3-propanediol concentration higher than the initial inhibitory concentration (65 g l(-1)). The addition of 1,2-propanediol or 2,3-butanediol (50 g l(-1)) in the presence of glycerol (50-100 g l(-1)), showed that 2-diols reduced the mu(max) in a similar way to 1,3-propanediol. The measurement of the osmotic pressure of glycerol solutions, diols and diol/glycerol mixtures did not indicate any differences between these compounds. The hypothesis of diol inhibition was discussed. Taking into account the strain tolerance of highly concentrated 1,3-propanediol during fermentation, the fermentation processes for optimising production were considered.
Butylene Glycols↗
Propionic acid fermentation of glycerol and glucose by Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii.
A comparative study was carried out in anaerobic batch cultures on 20 g/l of either glycerol or glucose using two propionibacteria strains, Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii. In all cases, fermentation end-products were the same and consisted of propionic acid as the major product, acetic acid as the main by-product and two minor metabolites, n-propanol and succinic acid. Evidence was provided that greater production of propionic acid by propionibacteria was obtained with glycerol as carbon and energy sources. P. acidipropionici showed higher efficiency in glycerol conversion to propionic acid with a faster substrate consumption (0.64 g l(-1) h(-1)) and a higher propionic acid production (0.42 g l(-1) h(-1) and 0.79 mol/mol). The almost exclusive production of propionic acid from glycerol by this bacterium suggested an homopropionic tendency of this fermentation. Acetic acid final concentration was two times lower on glycerol (2 g/l) than on glucose (4 g/l) for both micro-organisms. P. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii exhibited a glycerol fermentation pattern typical of non-associated glycerol-consumption-product formation. This could indicate a particular metabolism for P. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii oriented towards the production of other specific components. These results tend to show that glycerol could be an excellent alternative to conventional carbon sources such as carbohydrates for propionic acid production.
Culture Media↗
Uncoupled glycerol distribution as the origin of the accumulation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde during the fermentation of glycerol by enterobacter agglomerans CNCM 1210
Batch fermentation of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3PPD) by Enterobacter agglomerans CNCM 1210 showed the lethal accumulation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) when performed under initial substrate content higher than 40 g/L. Assigned to the inhibition by the NAD/NADH ratio of the 3-HPA converting enzyme: 1,3PPD dehydrogenase, intracellular assays were conducted in an attempt to identify the metabolic mechanisms involved in the increase of that ratio. An overflow metabolism through the 1,3PPD formation pathway was established, while a catabolic limitation in the oxidative branch at the level of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase occurred. Uncoupled activities of synthesis and consumption of reducing equivalents are thus suspected to provoke the increase of the NAD/NADH ratio and the subsequent accumulation of 3-HPA. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Journal Article↗
Sensitivity to pH, product inhibition, and inhibition by NAD+ of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase purified from Enterobacter agglomerans CNCM 1210.
Because of its key role in the metabolism of glycerol during fermentation, 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.202) of Enterobacter agglomerans CNCM 1210 was purified to homogeneity and studied with respect to its sensitivity to pH and to nucleotide and 1,3-propanediol concentrations. Enzyme activity was optimal at pH 7.8. The enzyme was competitively inhibited by NAD+ (Ki of 0.29 mM), and 1,3-propanediol exerted a strong inhibitory effect according to a mixed-type inhibition with a Ki of 13.7 mM and an a-factor of 9.0. It is proposed that these dehydrogenase properties be extended to the dehydrogenases of Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which exhibited numerous similar physical properties.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
Biological treatment of gold ore cyanidation wastewater in fixed bed reactors.
The treatment of a cyanidation effluent containing thiocyanate, free cyanide, and complexed cyanide was continuously performed for a period of 6 months. Activated carbon, pozzolana, and a mixture of pumice stone and zeolite were tested as supports in fixed bed reactors. Activated carbon adsorbed the different forms of cyanide. In contrast, the other supports did not remove any pollutants from the effluent during an adsorption experiment. All supports successfully allowed fixation of bacteria. More than 90% of the thiocyanate was biologically decomposed into NH4+, CO2 and SO4(2-), even when increasing the feed flow-rate and the pollutant concentrations. Free and complexed cyanides were eliminated, probably through a combination of precipitation and biological degradation. The oxidation of ammonium into nitrate was only performed by the activated carbon-containing column and with the more diluted feeding. The nitrification process was inhibited in all reactors when the cyanide concentrations and feed flow-rates were increased.
Journal Article↗
[Subungueal exostosis of fingers in hereditary multiple exostosis. 3 cases].
INTRODUCTION: The multiple exostosis syndrome is a rare disease transmitted by autosomal dominant inheritance. Bone growth projecting outward from the long bones is observed in multiple localizations during growth. Prognosis of this benign disease is worsened by the possibility of chondrosarcoma. We report three cases of subungueal exostoses observed in children revealing hereditary exostosis. CASE REPORTS: Clinical examination evidenced progressive deformation of several fingers. In all three patients. There was subungueal tumefaction raising a fissured nail with longitudinal crests. In two cases there were also skeletal deformations. Radiograms showed multiple exostoses of the long bones in all three cases and in one a tumefaction of the scapula in addition to visualizing the subungueal exostoses. There was a family history of such manifestations in all cases. DISCUSSION: Subungueal exostosis is frequent in young adults, usually located in the large toe. These three observations were particularly interesting due to the subungueal localization during the first decade of life. Such localization are rare and usually concern several fingers.
Adolescent↗
Physiologic Mechanisms Involved in Accumulation of 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde during Fermentation of Glycerol by Enterobacter agglomerans.
When grown in 700 mM glycerol within the pH range 6.0 to 7.5, anaerobic pH-regulated cultures of Enterobacter agglomerans exhibited an extracellular accumulation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA). This phenomenon, which causes fermentation cessation, occurred earlier when pH was low. In contrast, substrate consumption was complete at pH 8. Levels of glycerol-catabolizing enzymes, i.e., glycerol dehydrogenase and dihydroxyacetone kinase for the oxidative route and glycerol dehydratase and 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase for the reductive route, as well as the nucleotide pools were determined periodically in the pH 7- and pH 8-regulated cultures. A NAD/NADH ratio of 1.7 was correlated with the beginning of the production of the inhibitory metabolite. Further accumulation was dependent on the ratio of glycerol dehydratase activity to 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase activity. For a ratio higher than 1, 3-HPA was produced until fermentation ceased, which occurred for the pH 7-regulated culture. At pH 8, a value below 1 was noticed and 3-HPA accumulation was transient, while the NAD/NADH ratio decreased. The low rate of glycerol dissimilation following the appearance of 3-HPA in the culture medium was attributed to the strong inhibitory effect exerted by 3-HPA on glycerol dehydrogenase activity.
Journal Article↗
3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde, an inhibitory metabolite of glycerol fermentation to 1,3-propanediol by enterobacterial species.
Glycerol fermentation by Enterobacter agglomerans revealed that both growth and 1,3-propanediol production ceased after consumption of about 430 mM glycerol, irrespective of the initial glycerol content. This phenomenon was assigned to the production of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, which was identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and which showed a bacteriostatic effect. The accumulation during glycerol fermentation was also observed with two other enterobacterial species, i.e., Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter freundii.
Aldehydes↗
Microbial degradation of metal complexed cyanides and thiocyanate from mining wastewaters.
A microbiological examination of the soil from a cyanide wastewater storage basin was carried out. The storage basin contained water from the cyanidation process of gold extraction, and it was composed principally of simple cyanide, metal complexed cyanide, mainly cuprocyanide, ferro-ferricyanides and thiocyanate. Pseudomonas species were the principal bacteria identified in the soil. Using the storage basin soil as a seed sludge, its potential for the biodegradation of all the cyanide complexes in the mining wastewater was studied in the laboratory, using batch, fed-batch and continuous processes. The ammonia and sulphate produced were quantified. The presence of intermediate products was suspected. In the continuous process, total degradation of all cyanide was observed at a dilution rate of 0.066 day(-1).
Journal Article↗
Effects of sulfate on lactate and C2-, C3- volatile fatty acid anaerobic degradation by a mixed microbial culture.
The effects of sulfate on the anaerobic degradation of lactate, propionate, and acetate by a mixed bacterial culture from an anaerobic fermenter fed with wine distillery waste water were investigated. Without sulfate and with both sulfate and molybdate, lactate was rapidly consumed, and propionate and acetate were produced; whereas with sulfate alone, only acetate accumulated. Propionate oxidation was strongly accelerated by the presence of sulfate, but sulfate had no effect on acetate consumption even when methanogenesis was inhibited by chloroform. The methane production was not affected by the presence of sulfate. Counts of lactate- and propionate-oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacteria in the mixed culture gave 4.5 X 10(8) and 1.5 X 10(6) viable cells per ml, respectively. The number of lactate-oxidizing fermentative bacteria was 2.2 X 10(7) viable cells per ml, showing that sulfate-reducing bacteria outcompete fermentative bacteria for lactate in the ecosystem studied. The number of acetoclastic methanogens was 3.5 X 10(8) viable cells per ml, but only 2.5 X 10(4) sulfate reducers were counted on acetate, showing that acetotrophic methanogens completely predominated over acetate-oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacteria. The contribution of acetate as electron donor for sulfate reduction in the ecosystem studied was found to be minor.
Acetates↗
Relationship between the physiology of Enterobacter agglomerans CNCM 1210 grown anaerobically on glycerol and the culture conditions.
In a preliminary study, levels of activity of enzymes involved in anaerobic glycerol catabolism by Enterobacter agglomerans grown in batch cultures regulated in a pH range of 6.5-8.0 were monitored. That study showed that activities of key enzymes of the downstream metabolism of glycerol--glyceradehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP-DH), lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate formate lyase--were strongly dependent on the culture pH. To investigate the influence of pH on the physiology of the strain, E. agglomerans was grown anaerobically in a continuous culture supplied with glycerol as the sole carbon source and regulated at pH 8. A complete biochemical analysis was performed and was compared with that previously described for the continuous culture regulated at pH 7. A limitation of the glycolytic flux at the level of GAP-DH was demonstrated at high dilution rate, resulting in an overflow metabolism through the 1,3-propanediol formation pathway. Increasing the specific rate of glycerol consumption also resulted in enhanced lactate production due to limitation by the pyruvate decarboxylation step. Finally, changing the culture pH significantly modified the enzymatic profile of E. agglomerans, and it enabled the stability of the culture to be increased by preventing the accumulation in the fermentation broth of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, an inhibitory metabolite, when the glycerol supply was suddenly increased.
Acetyltransferases↗