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Biomedical subjects

A Borghi

Publications and source records attributed to A Borghi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Teichomycins, new antibiotics from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus nov. sp. IV. Separation and characterization of the components of teichomycin (teicoplanin).

Teichomycin (teicoplanin) was found to be a mixture of five closely related components of similar polarity, designated T-A2-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and of one more polar component, designated T-A3. The separation of the single components was achieved by reverse phase partition chromatography and their physico-chemical and biological properties were compared. The results show that 1) the five major components have the same molecular size of about 1,900; 2) they contain the same ionization function, i.e., a carboxyl group and an amino group which form a zwitterion, and four phenolic groups; 3) they differ in a side aliphatic chain. The component T-A3 is not described.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1984

Double outlet right ventricle with atrioventricular discordance. Report on cases having situs solitus, dextrocardia, pulmonary stenosis and levomalposition of the aorta.

We describe six patients with situs solitus of viscera and atria, dextrocardia, atrioventricular discordance, ventricular septal defect, double outlet from the morphological right ventricle, pulmonic stenosis and levomalposition of the aorta. Four patients were male and two female; their age ranged from 3.5 to 31 years (mean 13.8 years). All had various degrees of disability, and presented with cyanosis, clubbing and high hematocrit levels. One patient had an atrio-ventricular block that varied from first to third degree; another patient showed intermittent junctional rhythm. At angiography the ventricular septum appeared to be almost perpendicular to the frontal plane in most cases, so that the anteroposterior projection resulted in a true axial view. One overriding left atrioventricular valve and one straddling right atrio-ventricular valve were demonstrated; no significant incompetence of either valve was observed. The ventricular septal defect was always single and related to the subpulmonary outflow. Pulmonic stenosis was valvular in every patient; an additional infundibular obstruction was present in one case. In two cases an additional stenosis was discovered at the supravalvular level. The left pulmonary branch was stenotic in one case; it was hypoplastic, with controlateral dilatation, in two cases; both pulmonary arteries were dilated in one case. The aorta was always to the left of the pulmonary artery, either anterior or side by side. Three patients were operated on in different Institutions: one had a pulmonic valvotomy at the age of six years; one, aged twenty, had a right Blalock-Taussig shunt; the third, with overriding left atrioventricular valve, underwent a modified Fontan operation at the age of thirty years with success.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Echocardiographic monitoring of atrial septostomy in the transposition of the great arteries].

In seven consecutive cases of transposition of the great arteries balloon atrial septostomy was performed under the sole echocardiographic guidance. The catheter, introduced into either the saphenous, femoral or umbilical vein, was advanced into the inferior vena cava, then into the right atrium, and, through the patent foramen ovale, into the left atrium. The correct location of the tip of the catheter within the left atrial body was easily identified by two-dimensional echocardiography, with a four chamber view from the subcostal approach. Under echocardiographic control alone the inflated balloon was then suddenly withdrawn into the right atrium according to the Rashkind's technique. The procedure was repeated 3 to 5 times. The balloon was inflated with 2 to 3.5 ml of saline solution. The septostomy was deemed to be adequate when the echocardiographic images revealed an atrial septal defect at least 5 mm in size and an increased flapping motion of the inferior rim of the atrial septum. With this technique the risks of complications due to an incorrect location of the catheter are minimized and the outcome of the procedure can be immediately evaluated by measuring the size of the atrial septal defect.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1983

[Euthyroid exophthalmos: evaluation of 6 patients].

To determine if "euthyroid Graves' exophthalmopathy" is a separate autoimmune disorder, we have examined 6 clinically euthyroid male patients (aged 30-50 yrs) who have never had thyrotoxicosis, with recently developed bilateral exophthalmos (classes 2-4 in the A.T.A. classification). We have evaluated T4 and T3 levels, FTI, TSH response to TRH (200 micrograms i.v.), antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies (Tgab and Mab) titres and thyroid stimulating antibody (TSab) activity of patients' IgG. In 5 patients we performed also orbital computerized axial tomography (CAT). The T4 and T3 levels ranged 5.6-7.9 micrograms/d1 and 1.2-2.1 ng/ml respectively; FTI ranged 7-9.7 U. 5 patients showed an impaired TSH response to TRH; only one had a normal TSH increase. The Tgab and Mab titre was undetectable in 5 patients; only one showed high autoantibody titre and developed a clear hypothyroidism 8 months later. TSab activity was detectable in the overall group. The CAT revealed a consistent infiltrative involvement of extraocular muscles in 4 patients; the 5th showed evidence of increased density of retroorbital fat, without any muscle involvement. In conclusion, the presence of TSab activity (6/6), the impaired TRH test (5/6) and the infiltrative retroorbital muscle involvement (4/5) seem to suggest an autoimmune thyroid disease even if apparently normal iodothyronine levels were found.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1983

Effects of pharmacological doses of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis function of Klinefelter patients.

Six patients affected by Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) were treated with testosterone propionate (TP) 100 mg im daily for 4 days and one month later the same patients received dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP) 100 mg im daily for 4 days. Plasma levels of LH, FSH, PRL, testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) have been measured in these patients for 8 days during and after TP and DHTP treatment. TP administration reduced LH levels only transiently, while a more prolonged reduction was observed for FSH. DHTP administration produced a late and transient reduction of LH and a very late reduction of FSH. PRL levels increased significantly during and after TP administration. Our data suggest that in Klinefelter patients: i) DHT is less effective than T in suppressing gonadotropin concentrations, ii) the increased PRL levels observed during and after TP administration are not due to a pure androgenic effect, but are probably related to an increased conversion rate of T to estradiol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve: definitive diagnosis by two-dimensional echocardiography.

A case is presented of a 27-day-old boy with Tetralogy of Fallot and absent pulmonary valve. The two-dimensional echocardiographic examination demonstrated: subaortic ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, absence of the pulmonary valve with restrictive anulus, and massive dilatation of the pulmonary artery. These anatomic details were then confirmed by angiography and surgery. The echocardiographic features of Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve are typical, and allow the correct diagnosis to be made noninvasively. The haemodynamic investigation becomes obviously easier, and angiocardiography may be devoted to the study of possible additional defects, that are difficult to detect by echocardiography, like multiple ventricular septal defects, or peripheral pulmonary branch anomalies.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1983

[Atrioventricular connection anomalies associated with Fallot's tetralogy: bidimensional echocardiographic study].

From January 1979 to December 1981, 62 patients with Tetralogy of Fallot were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D Echo). In 10 cases various types of atrioventricular connection anomalies were found: type C atrioventricular canal in 8 cases, straddling tricuspid valve in 1 case, straddling and overriding tricuspid valve in 1 case. These associated anomalies usually are not suspected by means of clinical, electrocardiographic and radiological findings, whereas 2-D Echo appears to have a unique diagnostic value. Apical and subcostal four chamber views were the most helpful to detect the anomalies of the atrioventricular junction; in all cases with complete atrioventricular canal, the ostium primum atrial septal defect, the common atrioventricular valve and the inlet septal defect were clearly seen. In one case an overriding tricuspid valve was clearly demonstrated; in this and in another patient the straddling of the tricuspid valve could be only suspected, whereas its confirmation was obtained subsequently by angiography and surgery. A through 2-D echo evaluation of these anomalies is useful to select the most appropriate views for angiographic confirmation and to ensure optimal surgical planning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[A very frequent radiologic sign in dorsolumbar localization of chordoma: increase in the interpeduncular distance].

The X-ray picture of 11 cases of chordoma of the thoraco-lumbar spine at the Tumors Centre of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute is studied. In 7 cases an increase in the interpeduncular distance of the affected vertebrae was noticed. The high incidence of this radiologic sign, never reported previously in the literature, represents a semeiologic element of great importance in the diagnosis of this neoplasm. The ways of measurement are then indicated and the significance of this report is stressed.

Chordoma↗
PubMed1983

[Thyroid function in patients chronically treated with amiodarone].

The effects of Amiodarone (1000-1400 mg/week, for a period ranging from 3 to 24 months) on thyroid gland function were studied in 45 patients with heart disease, using a new method of free thyroid hormone assay. Forty-four untreated patients and 11 normal subjects were used as controls. In treated patients the prevalence of dysthyroidism was 22,2% (15,6% hypothyroidism and 6,6% hyperthyroidism); the onset of dysthyroidism ranged from 20 days to 2 years after the beginning of treatment. In control patients the prevalence of dysthyroidism was 4,4% (2,2% hypothyroidism and 2,2% hyperthyroidism). In patients with hypothyroidism (TSH greater than 7 microunits/ml) T4 levels were generally low, while T3, fT4 and fT3 levels were normal. In treated patients with hyperthyroidism (fT3 greater than 5,3 pg/ml and fT4 greater than 16 pg/ml) T4 values were high, while T3 concentrations were in the normal range. In Amiodarone-treated euthyroid patients, mean T4, fT4 and rT3 values were significantly (p less than 0,01) higher than those of control subjects; TSH levels were normal in all the groups studied. These data suggest that Amiodarone can exert both a direct effect on the thyroid gland and the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. The action on the thyroid gland is suggested by the high prevalence of dysthyroidism in Amiodarone-treated patients and by the high levels of T4 and fT4 observed in patients who did not show dysthyroidism. The action on the peripheral hormonal metabolism seems to be proved by the high levels of rT3 and by the prolongation of QTc interval.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The treatment of localized Ewing's sarcoma: the experience at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli in 163 cases treated with and without adjuvant chemotherapy.

Eighty consecutive patients with localized Ewing's tumor treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for two years plus local tumor control were retrospectively reviewed. Adjuvant chemotherapy protocol was constant for all patients, but local treatment consisted of amputation, resection (complete or incomplete) plus radiotherapy, or radiotherapy alone. The follow-up ranged from 21--101 months (mean = 50 months). The mortality rate and incidence of metastasis were significantly lower than in a comparable group of 83 patients previously treated by radiotherapy, or surgery plus radiotherapy but without chemotherapy. The percentage of local recurrence was not significantly different between the two groups. Of the patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, the percentage of local recurrence and metastases was much lower when the primary lesion was located in the extremities and when this lesion was treated by conservative surgery followed by irradiation. This was also true when the resection was not complete. Little discrepancy in functional results was observed using either resection plus radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone. The above data suggest that in treating Ewing's sarcoma, conservative surgery, even incomplete, can play an important role when associated with radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Full-lung tomograms and bone scanning in the initial work-up of patients with osteogenic sarcoma. A review of 126 cases.

The value of full-lung tomograms and of bone scanning in the initial work-up of patients with osteogenic sarcoma is evaluated in 126 consecutive cases observed at the Bone Tumor Center of the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli from July 1976 to December 1980. Full-lung tomograms and bone scanning showed unsuspected metastases in 3 patients and 2 patients respectively. False abnormal results were observed in 4 cases by tomography and in 3 cases by bone scan. The authors conclude that in osteosarcoma, the yields of full-lung tomography and of bone scanning are small in detecting unsuspected lung and bone metastases at the time of presentation. It therefore appears improbable that the improvements recently observed in this tumor with adjuvant chemotherapy are the result of unintentional case selection bias due to these examinations not having been performed in the historical group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[The paraproteinemias. Clinico-biological study of hospital cases].

90 cases of paraproteinemia treated for 12 years, have been studied. The results, documented by a clinical and bio-humoral point of view, have been compared with those of largest and latest casistics. The Authors tried to see if there were some connections between serology, radiology, histology and clinical pictures of different cases of paraproteinemia both as far as the classes and the types. The clinical, registrar and hospital information about the homogeneous population of Saronno have been asked in order to consider the course of the illness continuously. Also the follow-up has been compared with the data of the specific literature. The obtained data are almost similar to those of the most accurate works which have been described.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

[Anatomopathological, clinical, radiological diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of intraluminal duodenal diverticulum].

Anatomopathological, clinical, therapeutical aspects of intraluminal duodenal diverticulum are analyzed. This is an illness of which are described in all literature of world about 47 to 70 cases. On intraluminal duodenal diverticulum is described with x rays examinations. The diagnosis of this illness is made by radiological and endoscopical examinations. The clinical symptoms are very poor, but many illness of duodenum, pancreas, cholecystis are associated with this.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

47,XXX chromosome constitution in a male.

An 18-year-old boy with a male phenotype was examined because of testicular hypoplasia. Chromosome analysis using Q- and R-banding techniques and BUdR treatment showed a 47,XXX karotype, in both lymphocytes and fibroblasts. Cytogenetic problems raised by this case are discussed in relation to data from previous published reports.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[beta-Blocking therapy in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Long term results (author's transl)].

34 patients have been controlled after beta-blocking therapy, for a mean period of 5 years. Symptoms and evolution: syncope disappeared, angoy passed from 47% to 23%, dyspnea from 65% to 47%, dizziness from 70% to 54%, weakness from 30% to 37%. A systolic murmur was present in 75% of the cases. Two patients died by heart failure. Phonocardiogram: the systolic murmur was unchanged, like the carotid pulse. Paradoxical splitting of the 2 degrees sound was more frequent, atrial sound unimodified, isometric contraction shortened (60%) and the Q-1 degree sound interval prolonged (90%). Electrocardiogram: 1 degree A/V block appeared in 24% of the cases, complete A/V block in 9%, atrial fibrillation in 3%. Left atrial enlargement was more frequent; left ventricular hypertrophy unchanged. Heart catheterization (10 cases, after a mean period of 5.5 years): left ventricular pressure gradient passed from 80% to 90%; a low cardiac index from 20% to 30%; telediastolic pressure of left ventricle was unmmodified in 10% of cases, more elevated in 50%, less elevated in 40%. Chest X ray: cardiac size was unchanged in 65% of cases, enlarged in 32%; smaller in 3%. In conclusion, symptoms improved in most of the patients; no case of sudden death was observed. Some data however show that the evolution of the myocardiopathy goes on to congestive heart failure and arise doubts on the real usefullness of beta-blocking drugs in the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Klinefelter's syndrome: a study of its hormonal plasma pattern.

Plasma testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), androstenedione (delta), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), 5-androstene-3 beta-17 beta-diol (A-diol) and cortisol (F) have been measured in a group of normal males and in a group of patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) before and after hCG stimulation. Significantly lower baseline levels of T and DHT and significantly higher baseline levels of E2 were found in patients with KS. No significant differences were found between baseline levels of 17-OHP, delta, DHEA, DHEAS, A-diol, and F. After hCG stimulation between T, DHT, E2 and 17-OHP levels showed a significant increase in the two groups of subjects. The percentage variation of T and DHT, however, was much less important in Klinefeiter patients, while E2 and 17-OHP did not show a significantly different pattern from that of normal controls, hCG administration did not produce any significant variation of delta, DHEA, DHEAS, and F in the two groups of subjects, while A-diol levels increased significantly in normal subjects, but not in Klinefelter patients. Our data may be consistent with the hypothesis that testicular steroidogenesis in Klinefelter patients is impaired below the 21-C-steriod level not only at delta 4 but also at the delta 5 pathway.

Adolescent↗