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Biomedical subjects

A Borghetti

Publications and source records attributed to A Borghetti.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Frenectomy associated with a triangular gingival graft].

In periodontal therapy, frenectomy is indicated when the frenum exerts tension on the gingival margin and interferes with proper oral hygiene. The procedure is also employed when the frenum prevents closure of a diastema during orthodontic therapy. Frenectomy should be done after the canines have erupted and before retention is started to prevent separation of the teeth. For an improved surgical and cosmetic result, the authors propose a triangular-shaped gingival graft after the frenum has been excised. The advantage of the procedure is to create an area of attached gingiva and enhance healing.

Diastema↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical and histological evaluation of implantation of a microporous resin in periodontitis. Report of a case after 13 months].

A patient with adult periodontitis was treated for a 2 and 3-walled intrabony lesion on tooth n degrees 27. After scaling and root planing, the defect was surgically exposed and filled with a micro-porous resin. Following healing, there was a reduction in pocket depth as a result of gingival recession and a gain in probing attachment levels. This was confirmed 13 months post-operatively by clinical observation on re-entry. A biopsy of the treated site was taken at that time and undecalcified sections were studied by light microscopy and microradiography. New bone formation was noted inside and on the surface of the resin granules and at a distance from the particles. From a clinical and histologic point of view, the material seemed to be well tolerated by the host.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of a formaldehyde-tyrothricin combination placed in periodontal pockets in association with scaling and root planing].

A solution of formaldehyde and tyrothricin was placed in periodontal pockets of 14 patients. One maxillary quadrant was used as the experimental side, while the contralateral quadrant was employed as the control. A placebo solution was placed in the pockets of the control side. Both the experimental and control sides were treated on days -3, 0, +4, +7, +11 and +14. Scaling and root planing was accomplished on day 0. Plaque and gingival indices, and gingival fluid volume were recorded on all of the treatment days, as well as on day +28. Pocket depths were noted on days -3, 0, +14 and +28. Improvements were noted in all parameters measured on both the experimental and control sides, although statistical analyses revealed that plaque and gingival indices were slightly better in the experimental side. The author concludes that placing a Formaldehyde-Tyrothricin solution in periodontal pockets offers some therapeutic gain over scaling and root planing alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical evaluation of natural coral implantation in osseous periodontal defects. Results after one year].

17 intrabony periodontal defects on 14 patients were surgically treated by a alloplastic graft using micro-granules of natural coral. Criteria of evaluation were standardized probing and reproducible radiographs. The measures, made at day 0 and one year post-implantation showed a reduction in probing pocket depth (4.38 mm +/- 0.43) assessed more through a gain of clinical attachment (3.38 mm +/-0.30) than an increase of the gingival recession (1.00 mm +/- 0.20). These results are statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Urinary excretion of brush-border antigen and plasma proteins in early stages of diabetic nephropathy.

In 109 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we measured the urinary excretion of albumin, the low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) retinol-binding protein (RBP) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), and brush-border antigens (BBA) revealed by monoclonal antibodies. All such markers of kidney damage and/or dysfunction were higher in diabetic patients than in 44 controls. Increased urinary levels of BBA (p = 0.0001) were associated with higher values of albumin (p = 0.0002), RBP (p = 0.0005) and, to a lesser extent, of beta 2m (p = 0.1), different combinations of values above the reference limits being observed. Some 30 and 40% of patients with and without microalbuminuria, respectively, also exhibited signs of tubulopathy. Although under certain circumstances tubular defects may give rise to small increases in albuminuria, the most likely explanation for our findings is the coexistence of glomerular and tubular damage in some patients with IDDM. Neither the prognostic value nor the pathophysiological meaning of tubular damage and/or dysfunction can be assessed by the present study, owing to its cross-sectional design. Tubular markers thus deserve further studies to clarify whether in diabetic patients they indicate a more severe or diffuse kidney impairment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hypophosphatemia in course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Prevalence, mechanisms, and relationships with skeletal muscle phosphorus content.

Serum phosphorus levels (Ps), dietary intake of phosphorus, and renal phosphate handling indexes were evaluated in 158 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of varying degrees of severity; moreover, skeletal muscle phosphorus content (Pm) was measured in muscle samples obtained by quadriceps femoris needle biopsy in 14 of the same patients. Hypophosphatemia (Ps less than or equal to 2.5 mg/dl) was found in 34 (21.5 percent) of 158 patients without differences between groups of COPD patients presenting increasing severity of respiratory illness. No relationship was found between serum levels and dietary intake of phosphorus; hypophosphatemia was associated with low renal phosphate threshold (TmPO4/GFR) values in 31 (91 percent) of 34 patients. The prevalence of hypophosphatemia was significantly higher among COPD patients taking one or more drugs commonly used in COPD and known as negatively influencing renal phosphate handling: xanthine derivatives, corticosteroids, loop diuretics, and beta 2-adrenergic bronchodilators. Short-term administration of therapeutic doses of these drugs in COPD patients previously not taking any drug reduced TmPO4/GFR values; phosphaturic effect of short-term theophylline administration on renal phosphate handling was additive to that of long-term assumption of the drug. Muscle phosphorus content was both reduced in COPD patients as compared with control subjects and significantly correlated to serum phosphorus levels and to TmPO4/GFR values. The present investigation revealed a high prevalence of hypophosphatemia among COPD patients as well as a defect in renal phosphate reabsorption secondary, at least in part, to pharmacologic therapy. Moreover, it also suggests that in COPD patients muscle phosphorus content is likely to be reduced in presence of hypophosphatemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Gingival thickening with a submerged connective tissue graft].

Gingival thickness is a clinical characteristic which should be given more consideration in evaluating muco-gingival problems. It is proposed that thick gingiva prevents gingival recession and is of particular significance when fixed prosthesis is being employed. The technique outlined includes a connective graft from the lamina propria of the palatal mucosa into the gingival connective tissue. A case report documents the technique.

Connective Tissue↗
PubMed1990

A comparative clinical study on the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass with different flows and pressures on skeletal muscle cell metabolism in patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting.

This study compares the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass with different flows and pressures on intracellular energy metabolism, acid-base equilibrium, and muscle water compartments in two groups of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Eighteen patients (16 men and two women aged 54 +/- 7 years, New York Heart Association class I-II) undergoing low flow (flow rate 1.5 L/min/m2 at 26 degrees C), low pressure (mean arterial pressure 40 to 60 mm Hg) cardiopulmonary bypass, as well as 10 age-matched and sex-matched patients undergoing normal flow (flow rate 2.2 L/min/m2 at 26 degrees C), normal pressure (mean arterial pressure 60 to 80 mm Hg) bypass were studied. Intracellular acid-base equilibrium (intracellular pH and intracellular bicarbonate), cell energetics (adenosine triphosphate, diphosphate, and monophosphate, phosphocreatine, and lactate), and muscle water compartments were evaluated in specimens of the quadriceps femoris muscle obtained by needle biopsy before and at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. In both the low flow-low pressure and normal flow-normal pressure groups, adenosine triphosphate levels were unchanged at the end of bypass, whereas phosphocreatine concentration was decreased; muscle total water and extracellular water increased without variations of intracellular water; muscle and plasma lactate increased as intracellular bicarbonate decreased; intracellular pH values remained unchanged. The present study suggests the following: (1) Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with the overall preservation of intracellular compartment metabolism in skeletal muscle (about 40% of body cell mass) of patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting, even though low phosphocreatine values and increased plasma and muscle lactate values found at the end of bypass could be an expression of cell functional reserve exhaustion; (2) the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on cell metabolism are comparable, regardless of the flows and pressures used.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1989

[The physiopathologic bases of the neurotoxicity of phosphorus chelating agents containing soluble aluminum salts in patients with renal insufficiency].

To what extent can damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems be ascribed to chronic aluminum (Al) intoxication taken as a chelating agent for phosphorus, to limit hyperphosphatemia in uremic patients? Since Al is normally eliminated by the renal route, its accumulation in uremia has to be ascribed to a reduced or abolished renal clearance of the metal, which results in preferential toxicity for certain tissues, especially nervous tissue, which shows difficulty in eliminating Al, even after intake has been stopped. This review discusses, on the basis of toxicologic, experimental and clinical data, the possible pathogenic steps of Al neurotoxicity in uremia, considering: the damage to axonal transport in which Al intoxication tends to affect the components of the cytoskeleton, the polymerization phase of the alpha and beta tubulin constituents of neurotubules, and the normal translocation of neurofilaments from the perikaryon to more distal positions of the axon; the abnormalities in the brain pool of adrenergic, cholinergic and GABA neurotransmitters; the increase in permeability and changes in perm-selectivity of the blood-brain-barrier, with further loss of neurotransmitters and with acquisition, from the systemic circulation, of neurotransmitter-like substances such as hormones, monoamines and peptides, which may adversely modulate synaptic and membrane functions; the cerebral energy metabolism and particularly the hexokinase reaction, by Al replacement of the Mg-ion in the Mg-ATP complex, so that phosphorylation of glucose to G6P is blocked; the interaction of Al with calmodulin by displacement of the Ca-ion and subsequent formation of a stable Al-calmodulin complex with a cytotoxic effect due to the increase in the intracellular calcium concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aluminum↗
PubMed1989

[Focus on osseous allografts in periodontal therapy].

This review of the literature emphasizes the following points: Bone allografts in periodontology seem to have an osteogenic potential comparable to that of autografts; Taking of a graft on the patient is avoided, but it is necessary to resort to a bone bank for the preparation (lyophyllized bone) or the preservation (bone preserved at low temperatures) of the graft material; The clinician has available an amount of material enabling to treat all types of lesions; The role of bone grafts in healing phenomena is still controversial. For some, it promotes bone neoformation and the formation of new attachments. For others, it encourages ankylosis which is only avoided by interposition of a long junctional epithelium. The research in progress should specify the influence of bone allografts on regeneration of the periodontium.

Bone Regeneration↗
PubMed1989

[Exposed cementum and root surfacing].

Plaque exposed cementum presents structure alterations and becomes cytotoxic. The purpose of this review is to synthetize the actual datas about these cementum modifications and treatment by root planing. It appears that root planing does not eliminate all the subgingival calculus. Endotoxins are rather easily removed but roots are not completely detoxified. Treatment of the exposed cementum could evaluate to a less severe root planing and completed by a detoxification with chemical agents.

Dental Calculus↗
PubMed1988

Muscle and serum magnesium in pulmonary intensive care unit patients.

Muscle specimens by means of quadriceps femoris needle biopsy and blood samples were obtained in 32 patients consecutively admitted to a pulmonary ICU for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure, and in 30 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Muscle magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) content was assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry; serum electrolytes were also measured. The presence of clinical and biochemical correlates of low serum and muscle Mg was investigated. Three (9.4%) out of 32 patients had hypomagnesemia (Mgs less than or equal to 0.7 mmol/L) with normal muscle Mg values, whereas low muscle Mg values were found in 15 (47%) of 32 patients, with no alterations of serum Mg levels. Muscle Mg was decreased significantly in pulmonary ICU patients as compared to control subjects. No significant correlation was present between serum and muscle Mg, or between serum and muscle K. Significant relationships between muscle Mg and both muscle and intracellular K concentrations were also found. Lower values for muscle and intracellular K and a higher incidence of both more prolonged ICU stays and ventricular extrasystolic beats characterized the ICU patients with altered muscle Mg levels. We conclude that, given the serious complications of Mg metabolism derangements, the presence of altered cell Mg content should be taken into account in pulmonary ICU patients. Moreover, in these patients, serum Mg levels are of little value in the diagnosis of intracellular Mg deficits.

Acute Disease↗