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Biomedical subjects

A Bonetti

Publications and source records attributed to A Bonetti.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) and cytomegalovirus in two intravenous drug users.

A mononucleosis-like illness is frequently recognized retrospectively as the first manifestation of infection with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). This acute but transient retroviral syndrome may include symptoms such as malaise, fever, sweats, myalgia, arthralgia, maculopapular rash, diarrhea, and lymphocytic meningitis. We observed two intravenous drug users who developed a severe, febrile illness with subsequent oral thrush (one also had biopsy-proven esophageal candidiasis). Both patients had weight loss, arthralgia, myalgia, and fatigue. These symptoms occurred two weeks after needle-sharing and persisted for 7 weeks in one patient and 10 weeks in the other. Both patients had serologic evidence for both acute HIV-1 and cytomegalovirus infection. Cytomegalovirus enhances HIV-1 replication in vitro, presumably by stimulating HIV-1 gene expression. Thus, the observed syndrome suggests that this viral interaction may be clinically significant because it appears to cause severe additional morbidity, which is not typical for primary infection with HIV-1. After 6 months of follow-up, one patient is completely asymptomatic but shows markedly reduced CD4+ lymphocytes. The other patient developed persistent lymphadenopathy after the acute illness, but is feeling well 21 months after infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical counseling and management of HIV-positive patients--secondary individual prophylaxis in patients with HIV infection].

In patients with HIV infection, secondary prophylaxis should prevent HIV-associated complications caused by opportunistic infections and psychosocial morbidity. This overview presents the possibilities of chemoprophylaxis and control of transmission to prevent opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections. Indications for immunization in HIV-positive patients are also discussed. Both medical treatment and psychological and social support are equally important for optimal patient care.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

The influence of ubiquinone (Co Q10) on the metabolic response to work.

Ubiquinone (Co Q10) is a natural substance suitable for therapeutic use in cardiology and in the treatment of some muscular diseases. It might therefore be used during strenuous exercise (as in athletic competitions), especially in the presence of metabolic modifications which may justify its use. For this purpose, we have evaluated the effect of prolonged treatment with Co Q10 (100 mg/day per os for one month) on the biological changes induced by prolonged work on an ergometer bicycle (equal to about 50% of the single VO2max per 60 m'), immediately followed by exhaustive work (25 watts increase every 2 m'). From the venous blood of 12 healthy untrained subjects (students, volunteers, mean age 25.7 and body mass index 23.3) we examined some biological parameters [free fatty acids (FFA), free glycerol, lactate, glucose, insulin, CK] before, at the end of aerobic work, at the end of exhaustive work, and after 30 and 60 m' of the recovery phase. The same indexes, measured after identical times and work, were evaluated after one month of treatment with Co Q10. The only relevant modifications observed were those concerning FFA: at the end of aerobic work and after the administration of the drug, lower levels were reached (before, 1011 +/- 329 microEq/l; after 790 +/- 392; p less than 0.05); the same trend was observed at the end of the exhaustive work (1031 +/- 320 microEq/l vs 826 +/- 387; p less than 0.05). At the subsequent times, as well as for the other biological parameters examined, we did not observe any variation before or after the period of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Two-cycle cisplatin kinetics in patients with ovarian and mammary cancer.

The kinetics of platinum (Pt) in patients treated for two-cycle therapy with cis-DDP for ovarian or mammary carcinoma were investigated. Cis-DDP, at a dose of 65 mg/m2, was administered i.v. over 60 min to 6 patients every 3 weeks. Plasma was collected before and 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h after the start of the first and second infusions. The levels of Pt in the patients' plasma were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy. Plasma levels were analyzed by a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model. Plasma decline was biphasic, both after the first and the second cycle. In all patients, the calculated t1/2 of the rapid phase increased after the second cycle (from a mean value of 0.39 h to 2.45 h), whereas the t1/2 of the slow phase increased about threefold in 3 subjects. In the latter, we observed an increase of AUC and a decrease of total body clearance.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Kinetics of platinum in cancer patients treated with cisplatin at different doses.

In previous work the authors observed that platinum (free and bound) does not seem to accumulate in the peripheral compartment following the administration of two courses of cisplatin (cis-DDP) therapy (65 mg/m2) in patients with mammary and ovarian cancer. The aim of the present work was to study the disposition of platinum (Pt) after a higher dose of cis-DDP, to verify the rate of free drug penetration into the tissue and to observe changes in protein binding relative to the dose. cis-DDP, at the dose of 100 mg/m2, was administered i.v. over 60 min to patients with lung cancer. Serum and urine were collected before infusion and at various intervals afterwards. The plasma and urine levels of Pt were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, using a Varian model AAS 1475-GTA 95. Serum levels were analysed by a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model. After the higher dose there was a substantial increase in central volume Pt and slight increase in peripheral volume Pt as compared with levels observed previously at the lower dose. In some subjects receiving high doses elimination half-life decreased and total body clearance increased, while in others these kinetic parameters were unchanged in comparison with those observed after a low dose. Protein binding seems to influence the persistence of platinum in the vascular space, modifying to a minor degree tissue penetration of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The role of radiation therapy in the management of primary non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the central nervous system: clinical study of 10 cases.

A series of 10 patients with a primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the central nervous system were observed and treated by the authors. All were diagnosed after a pathologic examination of the surgical material; the lesions were supratentorial in all cases and unifocal in 9. In every case radiation therapy improved clinical conditions and in most cases even radiologic features of the patients. Four patients were alive and without evidence of disease many months after therapy. Four patients died with a relapse in the central nervous system; 3 of them had disseminated disease at the time of death. Two patients died for an unknown cause. Radiation therapy was performed with 60Co source with 2 opposed portals and the whole brain irradiation technique in all cases but 2. Doses ranged from 35 to 54 Gy. The recent literature on this uncommon disease and the most adequate therapeutic possibilities of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, or both, are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Aminoglycoside antibiotics in infectious diseases. An overview.

This article presents an overview of the aminoglycoside antibiotics used in clinical practice. Facts concerning the discovery and properties of the aminoglycosides are followed by information about spectrums of activity and mechanisms of action and resistance. Individual compounds are compared and proposals on the possibilities for their clinical use, both as single drugs and in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics, are made. The importance placed on measuring the serum concentrations of aminoglycoside antibiotics should serve as a remainder that this procedure is important, on one hand, to increase clinical efficacy and, on the other, to reduce the side effects of these antibiotics. Finally, the aminoglycosides are compared briefly with other antibacterial compounds, some of which are very new. There is no doubt that in the future the aminoglycosides will continue to occupy an important place in the treatment of severe infections, although newly developed agents appear to be effective complements.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical aspects of cytomegalovirus infection in nonimmunosuppressed adults].

The histological changes in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were first described by RIBBERT in 1881, and for years the virus was dreaded as the agent of infection in newborns. An infectious mononucleosis-like disease with negative heterophil antibodies in otherwise healthy adults was described in 1965. We present six previously healthy adults with CMV mononucleosis observed in 1984. The diagnosis was established by CMV-IgM-ELISA. All patients were febrile for an average of 20 days. The general state of health was reduced in three patients; one patient suffered from headache and another from abdominal pain. Physical examination showed splenomegaly and mild tonsillitis in one patient each, but in no case lymphadenopathy. All patients had lymhocytosis with reactive forms (virocytes). Elevation of transaminases was seen in four cases. Compared to Epstein-Barr virus mononucleosis, fever in CMV mononucleosis lasts significantly longer and lymphadenopathy is evidently rarer. The combination of fever of unknown origin, a negative heterophil antibody titer and the presence of virocytes prompts suspicion of CMV mononucleosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of boxing on some metabolic indices of muscular contraction.

Muscular contraction, especially if it is protracted or particularly intense, causes notable changes in the substrate and enzymes involved. Marked changes have been found in the serum levels of myoglobin and CK in individuals subjected to very stressful physical work. This phenomenon has usually been attributed to the repeated and intense muscular traumas inherent in certain sporting activities. In the light of these facts, the authors decided to perform a study on amateur boxers aimed at measuring the difference between simple muscular work (shadow boxing) and traumatic activity (real boxing) in terms of their effect on a number of humoral parameters, especially myoglobin and CK. The serum levels of these two latter substances were found to increase more after real boxing than after shadow boxing.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Cardiac and metabolic investigations during 24 hour endurance skiing (Pinzolo, Italy)].

In the "24-hour Cross Country Ski Race of Pinzolo" skiers attempt to cover as long as possible distances within 24 hours. Cardiac and metabolic changes of 6 volunteer cross country skiers, aging 29 to 39 years, participating to the individual competition, were analysed. All skiers had negative clinical examination and resting standard 12-lead ECG, except for one who had a midsystolic click on auscultation suggesting the presence of mitral valve prolapse. They were submitted to 48-hour Holter monitoring (HM) going from 3:00 p.m. of the day before the race up to one hour after the end of competition. The period of HM going from 3 p.m. of the day before to 1.00 p.m. of the day of race (one hour before the start) was utilized as control as concerns arrhythmias, ST-T wave and QT interval changes observed during the period of competition. In all 6 skiers, standard 12-lead ECG was again recorded on completion of race. The following serum indexes were obtained in basal conditions and within one hour after the end of race: electrolytes (Na+, K+), Myoglobina (MG) and the enzymes GOT, GPT, LDH, CK and CK-MB. Complete urine analysis was also obtained before and immediately after the race. The distance covered by the skiers ranged from 189 to 260 Km, except for the skier with systolic click who covered 95.7 Km within 12 hour and then retired from the race for acute pain of knee.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗