Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Bonati.
The authors have investigated terminal deoxynucleotidil transferase (TdT) activity in the spleen, liver and thymus of a human foetus of 23 weeks. TdT significant levels have been found and two different molecular forms were defined in each tissue.
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Beyond their direct use in traditional medicine, medicinal plants are used on an industrial scale to produce total extracts and tinctures, purified extracts and chemical products. The importance of the appropriate solvents to prepare extracts and their correct use in pharmaceutical formulations are emphasized. Generally, purified extracts, because they contain a total mixture of the active principles, are more active than the single components of the mixture. The cultivation of medicinal plants in their original habitat represents the most suitable means to comply with the increasing demand for medicinal plants and to avoid the depletion of natural sources.
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The Authors have studied bone marrow CFUc and CLFC of 8 cases affected by idiopathic myelofibrosis, 7 by chronic granulocytic leukemia, 6 by polycythemia, and 3 by sideroblastic anemia. The authors studied also C.S.F. activity in peripheral blood of 8 cases. The method of Pike and Robinson for in agar culture was utilized. The results indicated a correlation between increase of clusters/colonies fraction, growth of blasts-like clusters, reduction of C.S.F. activity in peripheral blood and transformation in acute leukemia of preleukemic syndromes.
The authors, after a review of the clinical pathological aspects of the angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, report a case studied by means of clinical, pathological and immunological aspects. On the basis of the results a hypothesis on the pathogenesis and treatment is postulated.
A case of scleroderma associated with pancytopenia is reported. The Authors point out that the severe haematological defect was not caused by autoimmune mechanisms and/or by iron, B12 or folic acid deficiency but it was related to bone marrow aplasia. The microangiopathy of scleroderma is taken into consideration as a possible factor responsible of the bone marrow failure.
The Authors, after some theoretical considerations on cell Kinetics, report five cases of Primary Asplenomegalic Myelofibrosis. Pointing out some data about the diagnosis, the Authors take into consideration the clinical course of the disease which, according to the literature, appears significantly more severe.
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The T1 surface antigen (CD5,p67) expression on blood lymphocytes (PBL) and lymphoid cells from lymph node biopsies (LN) from 31 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and 79 with B non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), was detected in 25 B-CLL (80 per cent) and in 11 B-NHL (13 per cent) belonging to the following histologic subtypes: lymphocytic of CLL type (DLWD) one case, lymphoplasmacytoid (DLWD) four cases, centrocytic (DLPD) five cases, immunoblastic (DH) one case. All B-CLL and the T1 + B-NHL were also tested with monoclonal antibodies against the Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Antigen, B cells (FMC7, FMC8, BA1, Y29-55), T cells (OKT11a), HLA-DR and HLA-DQ monomorphic determinants. All the B-CLL and the T1+ B-NHL were CALLA-, BA1+, Y29.55+. FMC7+ cells were detected in large numbers six B-CLL (three T1+ and three T1-) and in four centrocytic lymphomas. FMC8 reacted with 70 per cent of leukemias (where it stained 30 per cent of neoplastic cells) and with 8/9 T+ B-NHL. HLA-DR and HLA-DQ molecules were detected in 100 per cent and 90 per cent of cases respectively. In vitro treatment of HLA-DQ- or T1- B-CLL with phorbol ester TPA led to the expression of these antigens as well as of the receptors for Interleukin 2 and MLR3 activation antigen. Surface membrane Ig (SIg) was detected in 79 per cent of cases, its density measured by FACS analysis varied, even markedly, from case to case. Among the B-CLL, cells with high SIg content were either T1+ or T1- and more likely FMC7+. The SIg- cases were seven B-CLL (five T1+ and two T1-) and two B-NHL, in which, however, cytoplasmic IgM was detected. This study reveals the existence of four major B-CLL subgroups: T1- SIg-, T1+ SIg+, T1+ SIg+, T1- SIg+. It also indicates that the T1 antigen may be transitionally present during B-cell differentiation and that its expression may precede that of SIg as supported by the in vitro studies. In addition, the finding that some B-NHL are T1+ suggests that they derive similarly to the B-CLL from a common progenitor.
The authors discuss the importance that molecular medicine has assumed in recent years. Molecular methodologies have clearly demonstrated that immunological diversity is based fundamentally on the rearrangement of the genes encoding antigen B and T cell receptors. The importance of oncogenes, and their translocation in tumoral pathologies is emphasized, a case in point being the alterations observed in chronic myeloid leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia and their implication for innovative therapy. The importance of prothrombin and factor V genetic-molecular alterations in thromboembolic pathology and of the activation of calcineurin phosphatase or other intracellular signal regulator molecules during cardiac insufficiency genesis is also discussed. Particular attention is paid to progress regarding the socially important Alzheimer's syndrome, and the diagnosis of endocrine tumors. Moreover, the authors believe that the identification of new endocrine nuclear receptors, "orphans" of hormonal ligands, will open up interesting prospects--even therapeutic--in endocrinology. The authors conclude by reviewing the therapeutic prospects for immunodeficiency syndromes and malignant tumors, offered by new gene therapy methodologies. They also discuss recent results of studies on the aging process which, until not many years ago, appeared adventuristic. Today they are opening prospects of great interest.
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