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Biomedical subjects

A Bonanno

Publications and source records attributed to A Bonanno.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Catecholamines and blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

To evaluate the release of catecholamines and their relationship with systemic blood pressure (BP) in normotensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), diurnal and nocturnal urinary norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) excretion in 12 normal subjects and in 10 OSAS patients were compared; in addition, nocturnal NE and E excretion were measured in the patients while receiving short-term CPAP. Blood pressure was continuously monitored in the patients during both nights of urine collection. In normal subjects, both NE and E excretion decreased from day to night. In the patients without CPAP, only NE excretion decreased at night, and BP increased from wakefulness to sleep; both NE and E excretion were higher in patients than in normal subjects. With CPAP, which prevented apneas, only E excretion decreased with respect to the previous night, while BP no longer increased during sleep. The extent of nocturnal E decrease with CPAP was not correlated to BP variations. These results suggest that in normotensive OSAS subjects, sympathetic nervous system activity, based on NE excretion, is continuously increased and is not affected by short-term CPAP treatment. Conversely, adrenal activity, based on E excretion, is also increased, but it tends to be normalized by short-term CPAP. No clear relationship could be found between sympatho-adrenal behavior and BP during sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Theophylline pharmacokinetics after intramuscular administration.

This study was aimed at assessing the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of theophylline solution (aminophylline 480 mg) administered by intramuscular (i.m.) route to 16 subjects (age 28-61 years, body weight 52-75 kg). The same dose was given a week apart by oral route in fasting conditions. The intraindividual comparison shows that by i.m. route the rate, but not the extent, of absorption may be somewhat lower. From the first hour on, until hour 3-4 after i.m. dosing, all subjects achieved a safe and effective serum theophylline concentration (9-17 mg/liter). This suggests that, although usually not recommended, self-administration of a single dose of aminophylline by i.m. route may temporarily help theophylline-responsive patients in distress, when other routes of administration are not available and facilities for intensive conventional treatment are lacking.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Effect of body weight on the volume of distribution of theophylline.

The volume of distribution (Vd) of theophylline and the relevant aminophylline loading dose (LD) are usually calculated on the basis of total body weight (TBW). In obese subjects it has been suggested that lean or ideal body weight (IBW) is the best predictor. In a sample of 40 acutely ill asthmatic patients (aged 22 to 78 yr, weighing 45 to 176 kg) we measured Vd and found that (1) it increases with TBW, (2) it cannot be accurately predicted from either TBW or IBW alone by a simple regression analysis. Power functions have been usefully applied in comparing the pharmacokinetics of animal species, including humans, with different body mass. In our sample, data were best fitted by the equation Vd = 1.29 TBW 0.74, which seems to take care of lean as well as obese patients. Results were confirmed (r = 0.89 between predicted and measured values) in a second independent sample of patients (aged 26 to 77 yr, weighing 38 to 167 kg). This helps to minimize the error in obtaining the target serum concentration of theophylline when giving a LD calculated from a predicted Vd value.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of oral steroids on immunoglobulins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in active sarcoidosis.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) levels increase in the lower respiratory tract of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. We evaluated the effects of prednisone therapy upon Ig concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of ten patients with active disease (greater than 30% T-lymphocytes in BAL and positive 67Gallium (67Ga) lung scan). Therapy significantly lowered T-lymphocyte percentages in BAL and 67Ga lung scan indices and was followed by a slight improvement of the studied functional parameters. Biochemical analysis of BAL showed a significant decrease of both IgG/albumin (baseline 1.24 +/- 0.21; after therapy 0.40 +/- 0.12) and IgA/albumin (baseline 0.55 +/- 0.07; after therapy 0.14 +/- 0.03) ratios in all patients. Conversely, comparisons of IgM/albumin ratios did not show any change over the study period (baseline 0.05 +/- 0.01; after therapy 0.06 +/- 0.03). Thus oral steroid treatment suppresses the alveolitis of pulmonary sarcoidosis, as shown not only by the reduction of lung T-cells and 67Ga lung uptake, but also by the decreased Ig levels in the alveolar spaces.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The social creation of dependence, dependency ratios, and the elderly in the United States: a critical analysis.

The paper addresses critically the issue of the age/dependency ratio in the United States. It is argued that embedded in this 'objective' statistic are struggles among specific social groups and societal contradictions which only come to the fore when its assumptions, calculations and usage are explored. Through an examination of the notion of social creation of dependency, the manner in which the dependency ratio is calculated and the relationship between the socio-economic structure and the creation of dependency, it is argued that the commonly employed statistics are based on assumptions that are supportive of existing dominant social relations. This phenomenon generates a reproduction of these relations and, at the same time, circumscribes the range of solutions to the problems.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Early estimate of theophylline clearance during intravenous infusion.

We examined two rapid methods of measuring theophylline clearance using pairs of serum concentration measurements, and compared them with the steady-state values in 31 patients with acute asthma. A constant intravenous aminophylline infusion was started at a rate given by current guidelines. Theophylline clearance was estimated from two serum measurements made with an interval of at least 4 h, providing clearance estimates 5 h from commencement. Duplicate estimates were made, using either a 3rd serum measurement at 12 h or a 3rd and 4th at 7 and 14 h. A steady-state estimate was finally made after 48 h constant infusion. The two rapid estimates agreed well both between themselves and with the steady-state determination despite wide variations in the clinical status of the patients. These methods provide a rapid means of monitoring dosage in the individual patient. This is particularly important when the predicted dose is inappropriate.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Lung inflammation in sarcoidosis: analysis of immunoglobulin levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in active and inactive disease.

Cellular and biochemical analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed in 8 normal subjects and in 18 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. The patients were divided into two groups, according to the intensity of the alveolitis as assessed by lung T-lymphocyte percentage and by 67Ga lung scan. High-intensity alveolitis (HIA) patients had an increased ratio of OKT4-positive: OKT8-positive T cells in their lungs, but not in their blood, compared to low-intensity alveolitis (LIA) patients and to controls. Biochemical analyses of BAL showed that HIA patients had increased albumin and IgG concentrations compared to LIA patients and to controls. IgA concentrations were more elevated in sarcoid patients than in controls, with no difference between the two groups of patients. No differences were detected in IgM concentrations between the three groups of subjects. The levels of different Ig classes were then calculated as a ratio with respect to albumin in order to determine whether their presence in BAL fluid was due to increased alveolar-capillary 'leak'. The IgG:albumin ratio was significantly higher in HIA patients compared to LIA patients and to controls, whereas comparison of the IGA: albumin and IgM: albumin ratios showed no significant differences between the three groups of subjects. These findings suggest that alveolar-capillary permeability is increased in pulmonary sarcoidosis and provide evidence that local IgG production is enhanced in active states of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Use of Aloglutamol in uremic patients on dialysis (author's transl].

The authors experimented Aloglutamol (an organic salt of aluminium) in uremic patients on dialysis to detect its phosphate-binding properties and study its use in the treatment of uremic osteodystropy. They report good results: predialysis Ca increased; serum PO4 and alcaline phosphatase levels decreased; Ca X PO4 was normalized; itch, muscular weakness and constipation decreased; no side-effects appeared, and the drug has a good taste. Therefore it is considered to be most useful in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in uremia.

Adult↗