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Biomedical subjects

A Birand

Publications and source records attributed to A Birand.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Functions in Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients with sickle cell anemia. Fifty-four patients (34 male, 20 female, mean age 22.6 +/- 7.3 years) and 23 healthy persons (12 male, 11 female, mean age 26.7 +/- 6.8 years) were studied. After clinical examination and routine biochemical evaluation by a hematologist, patients with sickle cell anemia were admitted to the study. M-mode and 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic measurements of patients and controls were performed according to criteria of the American Echocardiography Society. The values of the patient groups were compared with the values of normal healthy subjects (controls). Left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters of sickle cell patients were greater than those of controls (p < 0.001). All of the sickle cell anemia patients had reduced systolic cardiac function (EF: 0.57 +/- 0.1 vs 0.63 +/- 0.06 and FS: 0.30 +/- 0.06 vs 0.34 +/- 0.04, p < 0.02) and abnormal diastolic left ventricular function parameters compared with the control group (IRT: 114 +/- 20 msec vs 65 +/- 7 msec, p < 0.0001; E/A ratio: 1.2 +/- 0.5 vs 1.6 +/- 0.04, p < 0.01). Left ventricular mass (LVM) was greater in patients than in controls (222 +/- 78 g vs 177 +/- 46 g, p < 0.01). Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were abnormal in patients with sickle cell anemia, and the left ventricular mass was greater in the patients compared with controls.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Relationship Between Components of Heart Rate Variability and Doppler Echocardiographic Indices of Left Ventricular Systolic Performance in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) has been reported as prognostic predictor in coronary artery disease population. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between cardiac autonomic tone disturbances and the degree of left ventricular dysfunction, estimated by 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, in patients with coronary artery disease. Forty patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease and 15 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects were included into the study (Group I and II, respectively). Routine clinical examinations, electrocardiography, coronary angiography, and 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography with assessment of LV systolic performance were done in all the patients and control subjects. Cardiac autonomic function was assessed by means of frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability. The powers of LF and HF bands (P1 and P2), their ratio (P1/P2), and the logarithmic expression of powers were measured. The patients (Group I) had lower values of parasympathetic band of HRV and higher sympathetic activity than the healthy population (Group II) (p < 0.0002 for P2 and p < 0.04 for P1/P2 ratio). A positive significant correlation was seen between parasympathetic band of HRV and ejection fraction (r = 0.61, p < 0.0001), and mean acceleration of aortal flow (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001), whereas P1/P2 ratio inversely and significantly correlated with the same parameters (r = -0.46, p < 0.002 and r = -0.41, p < 0.008).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Correlation of Atrial Natriuretic Factor and Renin-Aldosterone System With Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension Among Residents in a High Altitude

The study was performed to evaluate right ventricular contractility, plasma renin activity, and atrial natriuretic peptide in high altitude pulmonary arterial hypertension (HAPH). Sixty-eight patients with signs of pulmonary artery hypertension (PPA,syst > 25 mmHg, PPA > 15 mmHg) (Group II) and 40 with normal coronary angiograms and normal pulmonary artery pressures (Group I) were included in the study. Right heart catheterization with estimation of right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures were performed in all the patients. The blood samples were taken from the pulmonary artery for measurement of mean oxygen saturatioýn (SaO2), atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) level, plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone level, and sodium and potassium concentrations. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired Student's t test and linear regression analysis. The patients with HAPH had higher pulmonary artery pressures (PPA,syst, PPA, PPA,diast), total pulmonary resistance (Rpulm,tot), and right ventricular systolic pressure (PRv,syst). The significant correlation was found between ANF and PRA with right ventricular contractility indices and pulmonary vascular resistance.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Effects of trimetazidine on heart rate variability and left ventricular systolic performance in patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

Fifty-one patients (mean age 51.6 +/- 7.1 years) with angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD) entered the study. In 26 patients (Group I), trimetazidine treatment started twenty-four hours after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Another 25 patients (Group II) without trimetazidine treatment were kept as controls. The groups were comparable by age, gender, risk factors of CAD, coronary anatomy, left ventricular performance, and heart rate variability indices at baseline state. Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability and two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examinations were performed before PTCA, and twenty-four hours, ten days, thirty days, and three months after PTCA. A statistically significant improvement of left ventricular systolic performance (P < 0.001), augmentation of the parasympathetic band of heart rate variability (P < 0.001), and decline of P1/P2 ratio (P < 0.01) were evident in patients treated with trimetazidine, while no apparent changes were observed in controls. The intergroup analysis also showed marked difference between groups as recorded on the day 30 and month 3 of observation (P < 0.001). During follow-up period recurrences of angina pectoris and ischemia were registered in Group II, while no evidence of ischemia was discerned in Group I patients. In conclusion, trimetazidine modulates the autonomic control of heart rate, ie, reduces sympathetic overactivity and augments vagal influences, improves left ventricular contractility, and diminishes the clinical manifestations of ischemia in patients with CAD after PTCA.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1996

A serious complication of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty: systemic embolism. How can we decrease it? Case history.

Systemic embolism is a potential and severe complication of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV). The incidence of systemic embolism during PBMV has been reported to be less than 5% and only 0.6% with the Inoue technique. This is less than that reported in closed commissurotomy series and about the same as in open commissurotomy. In the authors' series of 50 cases, the incidence of systemic embolism was 2% (1 case). The patient had mitral restenosis (after closed commissurotomy) with mild to moderate valvular and subvalvular calcification, and cerebral embolism occurred during the procedure. To prevent systemic embolism, the authors' standard policy was to perform transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging before the procedure and to give heparin during the procedure and two months preceding it in cases with atrial fibrillation or with a history of previous embolism and to limit manipulation of the catheter in the left atrium. The authors believe that a close scrutiny in the selection of patients, improved technology of the dilating system, good experience with PBMV, and adequate heparinization are also of great importance in the prevention of thromboembolic complications.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1996

Hydatid disease presenting as cardiac tamponade. A case history.

Although hydatid disease has been reported in almost all human tissues, cardiac involvement is uncommon. The authors report a case of cardiac hydatid disease presenting with cardiac tamponade. The diagnostic value of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography, and angiography in hydatid heart disease is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Decreased glutathione levels in acute myocardial infarction.

Although experimental studies have demonstrated that reduced glutathione (GSH) is involved in cellular protection from deleterious effects of oxygen free radicals (OFRs) in ischemia and reperfusion, there are controversial data on the correlation between the levels of erythrocyte GSH and the ischemic process. To clarify, we determined the erythrocyte GSH levels in 21 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), aged 39-70, who were not given thrombolytic therapy and 21 age- and sex- matched healthy controls. Samples of blood were taken on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 from AMI patients and on the same days from the controls. The GSH levels of patients with AMI were significantly depressed by 11.5% as compared to the controls on the second day after infarction (7.44 +/- 1.71 vs 8.41 +/- 1.54 U/gHb p < 0.05). Although the total mean of GSH levels for all days was lower (3.8%) in patients than in the controls, this finding did not reach statistical significance (7.41 +/- 1.71 vs 7.71 +/- 1.27 U/gHb, ns). There was no correlation between the erythrocyte GSH levels and cardiac enzyme concentrations, infarct localization, hemodynamic status according to Killip classification and the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias. This preliminary work suggests that depressed GSH levels may be associated with an enhanced protective mechanism to oxidative stress in AMI. Measurements of erythrocyte GSH can be helpful in the estimation of oxidative stress in the course of AMI. However, further research must be done to determine the primary scavenger in AMI by analyzing all the enzymes and substrates involved in the endogeneous system that controls the effects of OFRs.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1996

High-altitude pulmonary hypertension: effects of captopril on pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures.

The purpose of investigation was the assessment of the effect of captopril on both systemic (Pa) and pulmonary arterial pressures (PPA) in patients with high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). Seventeen patients (mean age 44 +/- 6.8 years) with HAPH and mild-to-moderate systemic arterial hypertension were included in the study. All the patients underwent right heart catheterization with measurements of systolic PPA (PPA,syst), mean PPA (PPA) and diastolic PPA (PPA,diast). After a 4 week placebo phase, patients with PPA,syst > 25 mm Hg, PPA > 15 mm Hg and systemic diastolic blood pressure (Pa,diast) > 100 mm Hg received captopril (50-75 mg at 08.00) for a period of 12 weeks. The statistical evaluation of the results were made using the Student's t-test. It was found that captopril significantly decreases PPA and Pa.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Atrial natriuretic factor in high-altitude pulmonary hypertension: the influence of acute hypoxia on plasma atrial natriuretic factor, renin, and aldosterone concentrations in highlanders with initially normal or elevated pulmonary artery pressure and without evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy.

Since the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and atrial natriuretic factor are directly involved in the regulation of hemodynamics and structural alterations in the circulatory system, the interest of investigators in the observed changes in this system during exogenous hypoxia and the resultant development of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension is quite understandable. The authors measured the plasma levels of hormones from the major vasoconstrictor neurohumoral system and from one vasodilatory system and correlated them with hemodynamic variables in native highlanders of Tien-Shan.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

AA-amyloidosis presenting with chronic diarrhea and cardiac manifestations.

In secondary amyloidosis (AA type), clinically significant cardiac and gastrointestinal involvement are uncommon, in contrast to the primary type. We report a case presenting with chronic diarrhea and cardiac manifestations who was diagnosed as having AA-amyloidosis with unknown predisposing illness based on endomyocardial, rectal and subcutaneous fat tissue biopsies.

Aged↗
PubMed1970

Q-I-IIA-OS formula for predicting left atrial pressure in mitral stenosis.

The relation of the phonocardiographic time intervals (Q-I) and (IIA-OS) and the use of two formulas (Q-I, IIA-OS difference versus their ratio) for estimation of left atrial pressure were investigated in 70 cases of pure mitral stenosis. It was noted that, in cases with normal blood pressure and pluse rate, there was a fair correlation of the two intervals to left atrial pressure. In our studies the best correlation was obtained by using the ratio of these two intervals (Q-I)/(IIA-OS). These results indicate that it is possible to use a new formula and equation that are dependable for phonocardiographic evaluation of left atrial pressure.

Adolescent↗