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Biomedical subjects

A Bhattacharya

Publications and source records attributed to A Bhattacharya.

260 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of antibodies to a placenta-specific antigen cross-reacting with a choriocarcinoma cell line.

Antibodies were raised in rabbits to purified human term placental villous plasma membrane. These were cytotoxic to human peripheral blood lymphocytes and manifested cross-reactivity to kidney and liver. After absorption with these tissues, reactivity was retained with placental villous plasma membrane. The placental-specific antiserum was fully reactive with BeWo choriocarcinoma cells, but was devoid of reaction with a human myeloma tumor cell line (GM2132). The antibodies were cytotoxic to BeWo in the presence of complement, as determined by trypan blue uptake, 51Cr release, and inhibition of uptake of 3H-thymidine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of intraperitoneal and subcutaneous epoetin alfa in peritoneal dialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of epoetin alfa in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). DESIGN: A 32-week prospective, randomized, cross-over experimental design. SETTING: Two university-based outpatient PD centers. PATIENTS: Twenty adult PD patients receiving stable doses of s.c. epoetin alfa enrolled in the study. Thirteen patients completed 32 weeks of follow-up. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either s.c. or i.p. epoetin alfa at the start of the study. Dose adjustments were made to maintain baseline hematocrit +/- 3 percentage points. Following 16 weeks of treatment, patients crossed over to the other route of administration for an additional 16 weeks. Intraperitoneal epoetin alfa was administered into an empty peritoneal cavity for approximately 8 hours before resuming dialysis. End-of-study i.p. epoetin alfa doses required to maintain target hematocrit were given twice weekly (n = 1), once weekly (n = 11), or once every other week (n = 1). All patients received iron supplements to maintain or exceed prestudy iron parameters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prior to the study, the primary outcome measure was defined as the difference in epoetin alfa dose between i.p. and s.c. administration. RESULTS: Thirteen patients completed the study. The area under the dosing-requirement curve for i.p. epoetin alfa was larger than for s.c. administration (p = 0.0029), and the slope of the 16-week dose-requirement curve was greater for i.p. administration (p = 0.017), suggesting greater dose stability for s.c. administration. Paired analysis indicated greater i.p. intrapatient dose requirements (p < 0.0001). The mean difference in s.c. versus i.p. doses was 5000 +/- 1510 units per week. Some patients required escalating i.p. doses to maintain target hematocrit values. Iron administration and iron stores were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal epoetin alfa may be a suitable alternative for some patients for whom s.c. dosing is undesirable. Large i.p. versus s.c. dosing differences noted in a few patients are unexplained, but may result from interpatient variability in i.p. epoetin alfa absorption. Intraperitoneal dosing into an empty peritoneum can be done safely and effectively.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Permeation kinetics of ketotifen fumarate alone and in combination with hydrophobic permeation enhancers through human cadaver epidermis.

Permeation kinetics for ketotifen fumarate from transdermal system through hairless mice skin and hog skin have been reported. However, permeation of ketotifen fumarate through human skin is not available till date. In view of the above, permeation profile and related kinetic parameters of ketotifen fumarate alone and in presence of three compatible enhancers namely Myristic acid isopropyl ester, Palmitic acid propyl ester and Lauric acid propyl ester through normal and delipidized human cadaver have been reported in the present study. The observed permeability flux, permeation coefficient and epidermal partition coefficient through 50% dried human cadaver epidermis were found to increase in presence of the three enhancers, amongst which the effect was found to be maximum with Myristic acid isopropyl ester. The more pronounced enhancing effect of Myristic acid isopropyl ester regarding permeability flux, permeation coefficient, epidermal partition coefficient and diffusion coefficient was attributed with solubility parameter being nearer to the skin lipid solubility parameter and probably due to its passage across the skin barrier through the lipid pathway.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body iodine status in school children and availability of iodised salt in Calcutta.

Success of Universal Salt Iodization (USI) programme depends on availability of iodised salt to consumers, which should be reflected in their body iodine status. From a monitoring study in Calcutta, it was found that all packed salts were iodised and most of them (98.1% at household level and 93.6% at retailers' outlets) had iodine at a level of > or = 15 ppm. Of the loose salts, 34.6% at household level and 19.9% at retailers' outlet had iodine level < 15 ppm. A few number (0.5% at household level and 1.0% at retailers' outlets) of salts had no iodine. To ascertain the impact of consumption of iodised salt iodine excreted in urine (UIE) was measured in school children of age between 8-12 years of south, east, west, north and central parts of Calcutta. 22.95% of male children and 31.81% of female children had urinary iodine level less than 50 micrograms/l, which is cut off figure of public health concern. Children from poor slum areas were found to be at greater risk.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of hydrophobic permeation enhancers on the release and skin permeation kinetics from matrix type transdermal drug delivery system of ketotifen fumarate.

Ketotifen fumarate is effective in low doses in the treatment of bronchial asthma particularly of allergic origin. However, it is substantially metabolized in the liver when administered orally. Hence transdermal patches of combination of ethylcellulose/polyvinylpyrrolidone and Eudragits RS 100/RL 100 were prepared and their drug release kinetics and skin permeation profiles were evaluated. However, the skin permeation profiles were found to be low and subtherapeutic. Hence three hydrophobic biocompatible substances, viz, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate and linoleic acid and also combination of isopropyl myristate and linoleic acid were used as permeation enhancers in the film. It was found that isopropyl myristate and linoleic acid combination and isopropyl myristate alone produced promising results compared to isopropyl palmitate and linoleic acid.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ramipril and methyldopa compared in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

Twenty-seven patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were randomly assigned to receive 5 mg of ramipril once daily or 250 mg of methyldopa twice daily for eight weeks. Similar reductions in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were noted in the two treatment groups during treatment. Perhaps because of the limited number of patients, no between-group differences in the results of a measure of quality of life were found, but on overall assessments of treatment outcome by patients and the investigator, slightly better outcome was apparent in the ramipril-treated patients. No side effects or clinically significant changes in laboratory test results were reported. It is concluded that ramipril is a safe and effective agent in mild to moderate hypertension when administered as a single daily dose.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional implications of postural disequilibrium due to lead exposure.

Measurement of postural equilibrium has been employed as an indirect indicator of functional status of the nervous systems of 109 children (mean age: 5.8 +/- 0.78 years) from the Cincinnati Lead Program Project. The geometric mean blood lead for the first five years of life (PbB05) was 11.9 +/- 1.5 micrograms/dL. Postural sway associated with upright balance was noninvasively quantitated with a microprocessor-based force platform and four tasks performed for 30 sec each by the subjects. A covariate-adjusted multiple regression analysis showed statistically significant associations between PbB05 and the postural sway for the task requiring primarily vestibular and/or proprioceptive systems input, implying potential functional impairment. These findings raised several new issues which are addressed here: (1) A dynamic task has been developed to further test the effect of perturbing those afferents' functional capabilities. (2) A method has been developed to quantitate the stability boundary of each subject to better characterize the limits of functionally-safe postural sway. (3) There is a need to perform the postural sway in a shorter duration than 30 sec so that children younger than five years of age can be tested for early identification of Pb-induced functional impairment of postural equilibrium.

Child↗