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Biomedical subjects

A Bhatia

Publications and source records attributed to A Bhatia.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomorphologic patterns in Calmette Guerin bacillus lymphadenitis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the cytomorphologic patterns of Calmette Guerin bacillus (BCG) lymphadenitis and compare it to those of tuberculous lymphadenitis. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cytomorphologic study of 136 cases of clinically diagnosed BCG adenitis. All fine needle aspiration smears of lymphadenitis in the age group 2 months to 2 years during a three-and-half-year period were analyzed. RESULTS: Three distinct cytomorphologic patterns were seen in 112 cases. They were acid-fast bacilli in a necrotic background (62), granulomas with necrosis (47) and granulomas in a reactive lymphoid background (3). CONCLUSION: The cytomorphologic patterns in BCG lymphadenitis were similar to those seen in tuberculous lymphadenitis; however, an exudative response and high acid-fast bacillus positivity was seen more frequently in BCG lymphadenitis. Moreover, Ziehl-Neelsen staining helped to distinguish these cases from pyogenic abscesses.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Charcot-Leyden crystals in fine needle aspiration cytology.

OBJECTIVE: To study the occurrence and significance of Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLC) in routinely processed, eosinophil-rich smears. STUDY DESIGN: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears of 258 cases of cysticercosis, 35 of lymphatic filariasis and 19 of nonparasitic lesions with significant eosinophils were screened for the presence of CLC and correlated with the cytomorphology of the underlying disease. RESULTS: Charcot-Leyden crystals were seen in lymphatic filariasis (4), eosinophilic granuloma (1), chronic myelogenous leukemia (1) and pyogenic abscess (1). CLC were conspicuous by their absence in smears of cysticercosis, although cholesterol crystals were frequently observed. CLC were present in both May-Grünwald-Giemsa- and Papanicolaou-stained smears. Necrosis was a prominent cytologic feature in all cases with CLC. CONCLUSION: CLC encountered in routinely processed aspirates containing eosinophils, albeit infrequently, indicate in vivo formation. Necrosis probably provides a milieu for suspension of eosinophils, facilitating the formation of CLC. Absence of CLC in cysticercosis could be attributed to the high lipid content of these lesions, as indicated by the frequent occurrence of cholesterol crystals.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rhinosporidiosis. Report of a case with an unusual presentation with bony involvement.

BACKGROUND: Rhinosporidiosis, a fungal infection due to Rhinosporidium seeberi, frequently produces polypoidal lesions in the nose. Sites like the conjunctiva, larynx, trachea, nasopharynx, skin and genitourinary tract are less frequently involved. Generalized rhinosporidiosis with skin and visceral involvement is extremely rare. This report describes the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of rhinosporidiosis occurring as a solitary lesion with erosion of cortical bone. CASE REPORT: FNAC of a soft tissue swelling overlying a lytic lesion on the anterior aspect of the tibia was performed in a 40-year-old male. Smears revealed numerous sporangia and spores of R seeberi. There were no mucocutaneous lesions. Histologic examination confirmed the bony involvement. CONCLUSION: The FNAC diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis is specific. Preoperative diagnosis is possible even in cases with unusual clinical presentations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration diagnosis of a subcutaneous abscess from Enterobius vermicularis infestation. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Extraintestinal infestation by Enterobius vermicularis is uncommon. It has been reported to occur in the peritoneal cavity, ovary, fallopian tube, endometrium, lung, liver and urinary tract. CASE REPORT: Fine needle aspiration diagnosis was made in a case of enterobiasis presenting with a subcutaneous abscess in the natal cleft. Eggs, as well as fragments of cuticle of the adult worm, were found; the morphology of both was best visualized in Papanicolaou-stained smears. Polarizing microscopy highlighted the equally spaced parallel grooves of the cuticle. CONCLUSION: Fine needle aspiration cytology of subcutaneous abscesses due to enterobiasis can be diagnostic when eggs, or eggs with cuticle, are identified in a suppurative or granulomatous inflammation.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomorphology of leprosy across the Ridley-Jopling spectrum.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible role of cytology in classifying leprosy lesions on the Ridley-Jopling scale. STUDY DESIGN: A double-blind, prospective study comparing cytologic assessment of 30 clinically diagnosed cases of leprosy with their histopathology. May-Grünwald-Giemsa and Ziehl-Neelsen stain were done on slit skin smears and fine needle aspiration material. RESULTS: Cytologic subclassification was possible in 23 cases as tuberculoid leprosy (11), midborderline (3), borderline lepromatous (5) and lepromatous leprosy (4). These correlated with histologic subtypes. CONCLUSION: May-Grünwald-Giemsa complements Ziehl-Neelsen stain, yielding information almost comparable to that from histologic examination of skin biopsies.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

C-erb B2 oncoprotein expression. Correlation with the Ki-67 labeling index and AgNOR counts in breast carcinoma on fine needle aspiration cytology.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of C-erb B2 on-coprotein and study its correlation with the Ki-67 labeling index and silver-stained nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counts on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of breast carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective study, FNAC was done on 60 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. Smears from aspirates were either air dried and methanol fixed for May-Grüwald-Giemsa and silver staining for AgNORs or wet fixed for Papanicolaou and immunocytochemical staining for Ki-67 and C-erb B2. RESULTS: Breast carcinoma showing overexpression of C-erb B2 had higher Ki-67 labeling indexes (mean, 21.43) and higher AgNOR counts (mean, 37.92). A statistically significant correlation (r = .8) was seen between AgNOR counts and the Ki-67 labeling index. CONCLUSION: FNAC proved suitable for studying C-erb B2 oncoprotein expression and the Ki-67 labeling index by immunocytochemistry. These parameters supplement the cytologic diagnosis.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomorphologic profile of lymphatic filariasis.

OBJECTIVE: To review the cytologic findings in 34 cases of lymphatic filariasis reported on fine needle aspiration cytology for the identification of various parasitic structures. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of consecutive cytologically diagnosed lymphatic filariasis in a nine-year period. RESULTS: Thirty-three cases were confirmed as filariasis; 30 had microfilariae (group 1). Three cases (group 2) showed no microfilariae. The diagnosis in group 2 was based on the identification of an adult male worm (1 case), nongravid female worm (1 case) and fertilized eggs (1 case). Thirteen cases in group 1 also had fragments of gravid female worm. CONCLUSION: Lymphatic filariasis can be diagnosed in the absence of microfilariae by identifying other parasitic fragments.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atrial fibrillation: epidemiology, mechanisms and management.

The incidence of AF, the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice, increases with age and coronary artery disease, hypertension and valvular heart disease are common underlying substrates; however, occasionally, AF may occur without any underlying heart disease. The most widely accepted theory of its mechanism is Moe's multiple wavelet hypothesis, although recent studies are helping to shed light on other mechanisms, including the focal origin of AF in some patients. Most patients experience palpitations, but fatigue, dyspnoea, and dizziness may also occur. Therapy includes prevention of thromboembolism, control of rate, and restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm. The risks and benefits of each treatment modality need to be assessed according to each patient's circumstances. Unlike other arrhythmias, there is still no highly successful therapy for treating AF. However, significant advances are being made using non-pharmacological approaches to either prevent or cure this troublesome arrhythmia.

Amiodarone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interobserver agreement of the Nottingham histologic grading scheme for infiltrating duct carcinoma breast.

Interobserver agreement of the histologic grading scheme for infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC) of breast was assessed. Three pathologists independently evaluated histologic grade using the modified Bloom and Richardson histological grading system on 40 cases of IDC breast. Pairwise K value for agreement ranged from 0.68-0.83 (median 0.68) for histological grade suggesting substantial agreement. Generalized K values were 0.54, 0.34 and 0.36 for tubule formation, nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic count respectively indicating moderate and fair agreement. Similar levels of agreement were obtained specially in the final histologic grade between pathologists routinely reporting histopathology material and one pathologist who was not. This was achieved by use of precise guidelines. The ease with which this grading system could be applied by pathologists on histopathology material will greatly help its acceptability in routine histopathology.

Biopsy↗
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Catheter ablation of left free wall accessory pathway in a patient with inferior vena cava interruption.

Access to the right side of the heart for diagnostic and interventional procedures is usually obtained via the femoral vein and inferior vena cava. Anatomic variations or obstruction of the inferior vena cava can make this access difficult. In such cases, alternative routes to the right side of the heart such as the azygos vein and the superior vena cava can be used.

Azygos Vein↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of unguided transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease--its safety and efficacy as an out-patient procedure.

Sixty-five patients underwent unguided fiberoptic transbronchial biopsy on an out-patient basis. Satisfactory material for histopathological examination was obtained in 55 patients. A reasonably definite pathological diagnosis could be established in 51 patients. The commonest diagnosis arrived at was that of interstitial fibrosis. Complications were observed in 4 (6.2%) patients. Fiberoptic transbronchial biopsy is, therefore, a safe and efficacious out-patient technique for establishing a pathological diagnosis in patients with infiltrative, diffuse or localized pulmonary disease.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of serial pleural biopsies in the diagnosis of pleural effusions.

One hundred fifty-five cases of pleural effusion underwent a percutaneous pleural biopsy by the Cope needle. In the face of an inconclusive result in the first attempt, biopsy was repeated for upto three times. Diagnostic yields of biopsy in tuberculous and malignant effusion were 93.5 per cent and 66.7 per cent, respectively. When combined with pleural fluid cytology, a definite diagnosis of malignancy could be established in 80.95 per cent cases. Serial pleural biopsies significantly increased the diagnostic yield.

Biopsy, Needle↗
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Safety and efficacy of unguided trans thoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in outdoor patients.

We studied the safety and efficacy of unguided transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in peripheral lung lesions in an outpatient setting in 62 patients. The diagnostic yield of unguided aspiration was 67.7 per cent. Smaller lesions usually required guided FNAB. Specific tissue diagnosis was obtained in all cases aspirated successfully. Complications were seen in 7 patients (pneumothorax in 4 and haemoptysis in 3 patients). With careful patient selection, unguided FNAB can be an effective out-patient procedure for diagnosing lung lesion beyond the reach of the fiberoptic bronchoscope.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fibrebronchoscopy in pulmonary sarcoidosis--an Indian experience.

Twenty-four patients suspected to have sarcoidosis were subjected to fibrebronchoscopy. Histopathological support for the diagnosis was ultimately obtained in 20 patients. Fibrebronchoscopy provided the diagnosis in 17 patients, while histopathological confirmation was obtained from extrapulmonary biopsy sites in 3 patients. Transbronchial lung biopsy, attempted without fluoroscopic guidance, revealed non-caseating granulomata in 15 patients. The only complication encountered was a small pneumothorax, not requiring intervention, in one patient. Lack of fluoroscopic guidance did not compromise the diagnostic yield or increase the complication rate of the procedure. Bronchial biopsy confirmed the diagnosis in 2 patients with a non-specific lung biopsy. It was positive in 6 of 8 patients with an abnormal appearing mucosa and in 5 of 12 patients with a normal bronchial tree. Random bronchial biopsy in all patients, irrespective of mucosal changes, made an important contribution to the yield of fibrebronchoscopy. Fibrebronchoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculosis in 2 patients with an atypical radiological picture, thereby differentiating the two conditions which occasionally mimic each other.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomorphologic features of the rare epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland.

The cytomorphologic features of an epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma arising in the submandibular gland are reported. The aspiration smears were cellular, with two cell types present: dark cells showing attempted gland formation and clear cells with vacuolization. The clear cells frequently formed globular masses and had indistinct cytoplasmic membranes. These globular masses of clear cells were usually adjacent to the fragments of dark cells. A striking feature was the presence of numerous naked nuclei.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology in a case of hepatoblastoma.

The cytologic features of a case of hepatoblastoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) in an 18-month-old female infant are described. A mass detected in the left lobe of the liver on routine examination was subjected to FNA. The distinctive cytologic findings included malignant cells in small clusters and in acinar arrangements. Some of the acinar structures had bile plugs. Fat vacuoles were present within the cytoplasm of some of the malignant cells. Immature hematopoietic cells were also present.

Biopsy, Needle↗