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Biomedical subjects

A Bernheim

Publications and source records attributed to A Bernheim.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Translocation t (8; 21) and acute granulocytic leukemia: interpretation of normal mitoses].

Cytological and cytogenetic studies of nine acute granulocytic leukemia with t (8; 21) translocation were performed from the same bone marrow and blood cell samples. It was shown that the chromosome abnormality was restricted to leukemic cells and that normal metaphases were erythroblast mitoses. Using cell cultures in which only or mainly leukemic cells were able to divide permits easier detection of chromosomal aberrations. These results led us to postulate an inhibitory role of leukemic cells on the division of normal granulocytic cells.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1981

Discrepancy between G and R bands. Example of an acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.

An apparently different chromosome abnormality was observed in unstimulated blood cultures from an acute non-lymphocytic leukemic child: 11q- with G banding techniques and 17q- with R banding techniques. The abnormality is explained as a t(11;17) translocation, and the discrepancy between the G- and R-band patterns discussed.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1981

Cytogenetic studies on African Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines: t(8;14), t(2;8) and t(8;22) translocations.

Cytogenetic studies on ten African Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines were performed. The usual translocation t(8;14) (q24;q32) was found in five of them, a deletion del(8) (q24 leads to qter) in another one, while four variants were observed, two of these having a t(2;8) (p12;q24) translocation and two a t(8;22) (q24;q11) translocation. Other chromosome abnormalities were seen in seven of the cell lines, but these varied from one cell line to another. Thus, variant translocations, such as we describe here, are found in endemic BL cases. Two of these variants are identical to those previously identified in BL from nonendemic areas. The common chromosome abnormality of these BL cell lines was a rearrangement of the 8q24 band. The role of this constant cytogenetic change remains to be elucidated.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1981

Karyotypes and cell phenotypes in acute leukemia following other diseases.

Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias following other blood disorders or exposure to possible oncogenic agents were analyzed for cytological and cytogenetical characteristics. "Secondary' acute leukemias (AL) were often found to be unclassifiable in the FAB system. Monosomy 7 was associated with megakaryocytic cell line abnormalities. Variation of cytological and cytogenetical patterns was correlated in the whole sample and in a sample of 10 postpolycythemia vera blood disorders.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1981

Karyotype and cell phenotypes in primary acute leukemias.

This paper reviews the chromosomal and cytological patterns in acute leukemias (AL) and attempts to establish a correlation with the FAB classification. In fact, these studies are useful in distinguishing different forms of AL and in understanding the nature of the cell from which the malignant clone originated. As shown by the results obtained from the study of acute promyelocytic leukemia, for instance, these studies also provide a likely explanation for the lack of chromosome abnormalities in certain cases of AL.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

[Induced leukemias. Cytogenetical and cytological aspects. Comparison with primitive leukemias (author's transl)].

25 presumably induced leukemias, either following treatment (lymphoma, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, cancers) or after exposure to oncogenic agents have been studied cytogenetically and cytologically. Complex chromosomal abnormalities were associated with a difficult cytological classification. Complete monosomy 7 with presence of micromegacaryocytes and macroplatelets was observed in 7 cases. The findings observed in induced leukemias were compared with those found in "primitive" leukemias showing the same chromosomal patterns. The same relationships between cytology and cytogenetics have been observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Translocations t(2;8) and t(8;22) in continuous cell lines of African Burkitt's lymphoma].

Chromosome studies were performed by EBV positive African Burkitt lymphoma cell lines. Variant translocations were found in 4 cases: two with t(2;8) (p12;q23 ou 24) and two with t(8;22) (q23 or 24;q11). Identical translocations were observed in EBV positive or negative non-african lymphomas or Burkitt type leukemia. These results show the uniqueness of Burkitt lymphoma leukemia and stress the importance of chromosome 8 rearrangement in this tumor.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1980

[Abscence of chromosomes abnormalities and acute leukemia : relationships with normal bone marrow cells].

The absence of chromosome abnormalities in 50% of human acute leukemias stress the significance of cytogenetic abnormalities in malignancies. Karyotypically normal cells from acute leukemias were shown to be non leukemic cells by cytological and cytogenetic comparisons. Chromosomally normal acute promyelocytic leukemias could be explained by differences between proliferation rates of bone marrow cells and by bias when choosing metaphases to be analysed. The role of chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukemia must be therefore questioned from a new definition of cytogenetic methods.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of chlormethin chlorhydrate on the chromosomes in Fanconi's anemia: application to diagnosis and detection of heterozygotes].

Nitrogen mustard added at final concentration of 0.008 5 microgram/ml after 1 day to culture of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes increased drastically the level of chromosome breakage in Fanconi's anemia (FA) patients. A clear distinction between FA patients and FA parents or controls was therefore possible. Nitrogen mustard at the same concentration added to the culture since their initiation increased the SCE levels in FA heterozygotes significantly compared with controls, allowing the diagnosis of the heterozygous state.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1980

Chromosomal studies of leukemic and preleukemic Fanconii's anemia patients: examples of acquired 'chromosomal amplification.'.

Cytogenetic studies of three Fanconi's anemia patients are reported, one of the patients having erythroleukemia, the other two preleukemia. Clonal abnormalities were present in all three cases. Partial chromosomal duplication uncommon in other leukemias was observed. Partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 3 has been observed in the present case of erythroleukemia examined as well as in a previously reported one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

In vitro effect of cyclophosphamide metabolites on chromosomes of Fanconi anaemia patients.

The effect of cyclophosphamide metabolites was studied on chromosomes of FAnconi anaemia patients, parents and controls. A high susceptibility of Fa patients chromosomes was observed when low concentrations of sera of a cyclophosphamide-treated patient was added to PHA-stimulated lymphocyte cultures. No effect was observed with comparable concentrations on cells from FA parents or controls. The high susceptibility of FA cells is discussed in relation to the high sensitivity of FA patients to cyclophosphamide when used as a conditioning drug for bone marrow graft.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1980

Loudness enhancement and decrement in four paradigms.

When one tone burst (the conditioner) preceeds another (the target) by 100 ms, target loudness is enhanced if the conditioner is more intense and decreased if it is less intense. We show here that similar loudness enhancements and decrements occur when the conditioner follows the target. In all instances, monaural loudness enhancements (in which the conditioner and target are delivered to the same ear) are greater than the dichotic enhancements (in which the conditioner is presented contralaterally), but the decrements, which are smaller than the enhancements, are similar in magnitude. Loudness enhancements and decrements are similar to sequential loudness effects and central tendency effects; the major difference is the relatively very large increases in loudness obtainable in loudness enhancement experiments. We outline a mechanism to account for these loudness phenomena and suggest that this mechanism is responsible for similar perceptual effects that occur in other stimulus dimensions and modalities.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1980

[Isoprinosine and human chromosomes (author's transl)].

The incidence of chromatid and chromosome abnormalities and that of SCE induced by isoprinosine was studied in human lymphocyte cultures. No effect was detected in vivo. In vitro the only effect detected was an increased SCE incidence when isoprinosine at 1000 microgram/ml in culture medium was used.

Adolescent↗