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Biomedical subjects

A Bernard

Publications and source records attributed to A Bernard.

698 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Haemodynamic, gasometric and haematological effects of air infusion in dogs: leukotriene inhibition with U-60,257.

Air embolization has been shown to produce a reversible permeability-type of pulmonary oedema. The present study investigated the haemodynamic, gasometric and haematological changes associated with air infusion in the spontaneously breathing dog (weight 31 +/- 5 kg). Air was infused at a rate of 10 ml X min-1 for 60 min (10 dogs) or 180 min (5 dogs). During the air infusion, a dramatic increase in pulmonary artery pressure was associated with only a moderate increase in right atrial pressure and limited decreases in arterial pressure and in cardiac output. A marked decrease in end-tidal PCO2 reflected the increase in dead space. These changes were stable during air infusion, but rapidly reversed after the end of infusion. However, hypoxaemia, defined by a decreased PaO2/PAO2 ratio, deteriorated with time and was only partially reversible. At histological examination, interstitial pulmonary oedema was present around the pulmonary arterioles. Air infusion was associated with rapid decreases in circulating leukocytes and platelets and complement activation. Since leukotriene release might be associated with leukocyte activation in this model, seven additional dogs were pretreated by inhalation of 10 mg of the leukotriene inhibitor U-60,257. The increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and in pulmonary shunt were moderately reduced and the drop in circulating leukocytes and platelets was strikingly abolished in the treated animals. Air infusion in the spontaneously breathing dog represents a model of very stable and reversible pulmonary hypertension. It can reproduce important pathophysiological features implicated in the development of pulmonary oedema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Typhoid fever in a resuscitation department. Apropos of 42 cases].

A review is given on 42 cases of typhoid fever that were admitted in the "Hôpital Girard et Robic" anesthesia and resuscitation department in Tananarive, Madagascar, from 1979 to 1982. The authors have noticed: 18 digestive hemorrhages. 5 ileo-caecal perforations. 9 encephalitides. 16 myocarditides. 5 enterobacterial superinfections. The encephalitic complications and the enterobacterial superinfections are the cause of the very poor prognosis (5 fatalities). The authors recall the basic treatment of each of these complications. The rules of the antibiotic treatment are reviewed. In Tananarive, no resistance has been found to the following three antibiotics: ampicillin, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole-trimetoprim. Finally, the authors lay emphasis on the necessity of a careful rehydratation and a high-level caloric and proteic artificial alimentation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malarial hemolysis and renal insufficiency].

The authors report on 5 cases of malarial haemolytic anemia associated with renal insufficiency over a 3 years period at Girard and Robic hospital resuscitation department. As the occurrence of these forms is somewhat frequent in Madagascar, the differential diagnosis has to be established from cerebral malaria. The primary diagnostic difficulties are reviewed, the various kinds of renal insufficiency are considered and the physico-pathologic troubles are anticipated. The prognosis is relatively satisfactory: a fatality out of 5 patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of immunological investigations in a difficult diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (author's transl)].

A 9-year-old child was found to have massive invasion of his bone marrow by malignant cells. Experienced pathologists were unable to determine on morphological grounds the nature of these cells, even after electron microscope study and multiple cytochemical staining of bone marrow smears. However, serological analysis of the cells showed that they displayed an antigen specific to cells from common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia HLA-DR antigens and contained high concentrations of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. A course of the chemotherapy usually prescribed for common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia resulted in complete remission.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Search for antilymphocytic antibodies in the serum of 67 children with juvenile chronic arthritis].

We sought the presence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in the serum of 67 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. We demonstrated in the serum of a large number of children (more than 50 %) antibodies reacting mainly with the cells not forming spontaneously rosettes with sheep red cells and/or all the mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood of normal subjects. These antibodies which are more active at 4 degrees C than at 20 degrees C are absorbable on red cells, and/or the platelet pool and present the characteristics of cold lymphocytotoxins. The presence of these antibodies was not correlated with either the clinical form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, nor with the duration of the course, nor with the treatment. Generally speaking, such antibodies are found during diseases where regulation of the immune response is modified.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human interleukin-6 acts as a co-factor for the up-regulation of C3 production by rat liver epithelial cells.

We investigated the role of human interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the regulation of the third component of complement (C3) biosynthesis by cultured rat liver epithelial cells. A natural human IL-6 (nh IL-6) preparation was shown to up-regulate C3 production, whereas an Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human IL-6 (rh IL-6) displayed no activity on C3 biosynthesis. However, the C3-stimulating activity of the nh IL-6 preparation was only partially reduced when treated with an antihuman IL-6 monoclonal antibody. Binding studies indicated that although it was devoid of any C3 stimulating activity, rh IL-6 specifically bound to hepatic cell receptors (Kd = 0.38 nM) and possessed the same binding affinity as nh IL-6. Furthermore, the substitution of natural IL-6 molecules for the recombinant IL-6 led to the recovery of the initial C3-stimulating activity. These studies demonstrated that human IL-6 alone does not stimulate rat liver epithelial cell C3 production but is able to accentuate the C3-stimulating activity of unrecognized components which are present in the nh IL-6 preparation. Human IL-6 thus appears to act as a co-factor for the up-regulation of hepatic C3 production.

Animals↗