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Biomedical subjects

A Bernard

Publications and source records attributed to A Bernard.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Lipid esterification and secretion by the mouse intestine in organ culture.

Explants of adult mouse jejunum were cultured for different time periods and incubated in presence of a lipid diet emulsified by sodium taurocholate or complexed with albumin. The esterification of fatty acids and the secretion of triglycerides and phospholipids were measured and compared to the lipid absorption observed in vivo after the perfusion of the same diet. The results show that, in vitro, the enterocytes esterify the fatty acids present in the medium and secrete them with a yield improving during the culture and even better than the absorption observed in the in vivo experiments.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Monocular blindness secondary to a non-displaced malar fracture.

We report a case of monocular blindness subsequent to a non-displaced malar fracture. Injury to the optic nerve, secondary to orbital apex syndrome, was implicated as the cause of blindness. Although most non-displaced malar fractures require no surgical intervention and resolve quite uneventfully, they can be associated with significant morbidity. Patients diagnosed as having non-displaced malar fractures should be followed on admission by careful observation and ophthalmologic consultation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Antibodies to laminin in preeclampsia.

Laminin is a large basement membrane glycoprotein localized in the trophoblast, glomerular basement membrane and in the mesangial matrix of human glomeruli. It promotes the attachment of epithelial cells to basement membrane collagen. We have found that 14 sera from 52 patients with severe preeclampsia or eclampsia contain IgG and IgM antibodies which react with placental and kidney basement membranes. These antibodies were specific for laminin and did not react with other basement membrane proteins. They were able to fix complement. They have been demonstrated by radial immunodiffusion, radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescence blocking studies. In primary cultures they were shown to impair the attachment of trophoblast cells to basement membrane collagen. High levels of circulating immune complexes were detected only in sera from preeclamptic patients with circulating antibodies to laminin. The auto-antibodies to laminin could play a major role in the pathogenesis of severe preeclampsia by impairing the attachment of trophoblast cells to placental basement membranes and by fixation to the glomerular basement membranes and mesangial matrix.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1986

Present status and trends in biological monitoring of exposure to industrial chemicals.

This paper describes the current practice of biological monitoring of populations exposed to occupational or environmental pollutants. The three types of monitoring are ambient monitoring, biological monitoring of exposure, and health surveillance (also called biological monitoring of effects). The trend in biological monitoring today is to develop tests that provide information on the amount of chemical bound to the critical sites of action (target dose). Ambient monitoring and biological monitoring assess the health risk by comparing the current exposure with the permissible exposure limits. They are essentially preventive activities. By contrast, health surveillance or biological monitoring of effects assesses the health status and aims at detecting the early adverse health effects. Health surveillance is part of the medical screening program for the early detection of health impairment due to industrial chemicals.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1986

The human cell surface glycoprotein complex (gp 120,200) recognized by monoclonal antibody K20 is a component binding to phytohaemagglutinin on T cells.

Monoclonal antibody K20 recognizes a human glycoprotein complex that is not restricted to haematopoietic lineages but is preferentially expressed on early haematopoietic cells, T cells, and monocytes. This glycoprotein complex is made of a constant 120,000-140,000 Mr subunit noncovalently associated at the cell surface with subunits of higher Mr ranging from 150,000 to 200,000 on different cell types. Internal labelling with [35S]methionine and pulse-chase experiments revealed that in the cell the 120,000 Mr glycoprotein of this complex is also noncovalently associated with a 100,000 Mr glycoprotein, and that both glycoproteins are independently biosynthesized. This glycoprotein complex is shown by immunoprecipitation by lectin plus antilectin antibodies and by sequential immunoprecipitations to be one of the cell surface structures bound by phytohaemagglutinin on the surface of normal T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Improved survival rate in children with stage III and IV B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukemia using multi-agent chemotherapy: results of a study of 114 children from the French Pediatric Oncology Society.

Children with B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who have not relapsed 1 year after diagnosis and treatment are generally cured. We report here the results of treatment in 114 children who all had a minimum follow-up of 20 months. The protocol LMB 0281 from the French Pediatric Oncology Society was used. This nine-drug intensive-pulsed chemotherapy was based on high-dose cyclophosphamide, high-dose methotrexate (HD MTX), and cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) in continuous infusion. CNS prophylaxis was with chemotherapy only. No local irradiation was performed. No debulking surgery was recommended. There were 72 patients with stage III lymphoma and 42 patients with stage IV lymphoma or B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL). Among those 42 patients, seven had CNS involvement alone, 21 had bone marrow alone, and 14 had both; 26 had greater than 25% blast cells in bone marrow, 14 of whom had blast cells in blood. The primary site of involvement was the abdomen in 90 patients, the Waldeyer Ring in nine, and various sites in eight; seven patients presented without tumor. Seventy-seven patients are alive with a median follow-up of 2 years and 8 months. Seven patients died due to initial treatment failure, 11 died from toxicity, and 19 died after relapse. Among the 93 patients without initial CNS involvement, only one isolated relapse in CNS occurred. Survival and disease-free survival rates reached 67% and 64%, respectively, for all patients, 75% and 73% for stage III patients and 54% and 48% for stage IV and B-ALL patients. Bone marrow involvement was not an adverse prognostic factor. Contrary initial CNS involvement indicated a bad prognosis with a disease-free survival rate of 19% compared with 76% without CNS disease. This study showed that CNS prophylaxis and local control of the primary tumor can be achieved by intensive chemotherapy alone, without radiotherapy or debulking surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

High-dose methotrexate and continuous infusion Ara-C in children's non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: phase II studies and their use in further protocols.

Twenty-three children with refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) received high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), and 9 received Ara-C by continuous intravenous infusion, as phase II studies. They all had previously received a protocol including vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, IV push Ara-C, asparaginase, intrathecal MTX, and cranial irradiation, and had failed to respond or had relapsed. HD-MTX was given at the dose of 6 g/m2 or more with leucovorin rescue, Ara-C at the dose of 100 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion over 10 days. Among the 22 evaluable patients receiving HD-MTX, 10 responses (7 CR; 3 PR) were observed. Among the 9 patients receiving Ara-C, 4 responded (1 CR; 3 PR). Toxicity in those previously heavily treated patients was acceptable. These two drugs are now successfully included in childhood NHL treatment protocols.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

[Macular manifestations of monoclonal dysgammaglobulinemias. Apropos of 3 cases].

Macular oedema is one of the scarcely known manifestations of monoclonal dysglobulinemia. It is most common in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia because the serum's viscosity may reach a very high level, but it occurs also in multiple myeloma (first case described here). This specific oedema is secondary to immunoglobulin deposits in retinal layers and subretinal space. Early treatment is necessary to prevent irreversible visual loss, especially because the patient's expected life span becomes lengthened. Plasmaphereses are very useful in reducing serum's hyperviscosity, and rapidly improve most of the ocular manifestations.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Clonal T-cell colony formation in agar culture: an attractive assay to test the T-cell depletion from bone marrow.

Current studies suggest that the depletion of T-lymphocytes from donor marrow is an effective method for preventing acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in man. To deplete the T-lymphocytes from bone marrow cells we use either monoclonal anti-T-cell antibodies and complement or T101 ricin A-chain immunotoxin. Residual T-lymphocytes are analyzed by their capacity to form clonal T-cell colonies in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), accessory cells, and recombinant interleukin 2. The method is compared to immediate indirect immunofluorescence (iF) and thymidine incorporation by marrow cells stimulated by PHA. IF is not suitable for evaluating the depletion by immunotoxin, and the interpretation of thymidine incorporation is generally questionable. The results of the colony formation show that the sensitivity of the colony assay is close to that of iF when T cells are depleted by complement lysis, and the sensitivity of the colony assay is not dependent upon the depletion procedure. Therefore, the T-cell colony assay is a simple functional control for the quality of bone marrow T-cell depletion, especially for T-cell depletion by immunotoxin.

Agar↗
PubMed1986

Phenotypic characterization of the thymus microenvironment study of the human thymus architecture.

Phenotypic characterization of the human thymic microenvironment shows the heterogeneity of the epithelial component. Using monoclonal antibody L191, we define here a new antigen common to the flat epithelial cells lining up the thymic capsule and septum, stellate epithelial cells from the subcapsular area and the medulla (M), but lacking on stellate epithelial cells from the inner cortex. Thus, this cell population can be characterized by a series of antigens (TE-4 and P19--shared with HTLV--previously described by B. Haynes et al.) which reflect a common differentiation program--including neuroendocrine specialization--with remarkable differences in the expression of these antigens, occurring during ontogeny and after birth. Another Ab we obtained shows particularities in the cytoskeletal organization of this cell population. Finally the organization of the mesenchymal component was also investigated with a third, anticollagen, antibody. A striking observation we made, using these antibodies, was the relationship between the thymic septum and flat epithelial cells with medullary and Hassal's body (HB) epithelial cells: septae deeply penetrate the medulla so that flat epithelial cells come into direct contact with medullary epithelial cells; in addition, HB are in close contact with the deepest portion of the septae, often separated solely by a single stellate cell. This architectural organization might be related to the differentiation--regeneration process of the thymic epithelium.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

[Variations in the distribution of bronchial arteries. Apropos of 72 arteriographies].

Anatomic distribution of bronchial arteries was studied by arteriography, and evaluation conducted of 72 images considered as being complete. Seven frequent types of distribution were note and findings compared with those of previous studies. Frequency of collateral circulation and of anastomosis was comparable with that reported in the literature. One new distribution pattern was observed: common lower trunk, right upper intercostobronchial trunk, left upper trunk.

Bronchial Arteries↗
PubMed1986

[Left coronaro-ventricular microfistulas. Apropos of 25 cases].

A retrospective study of 25 patients with left coronaroventricular microfistulae, investigated in the same vascular radiologic exploration unit, and data in the international literature were used to analyze these lesions in greater detail. Their frequency appears to have been underestimated since they represented 1.33% of coronarographies performed in adults in this series. Distribution into two groups as a function of presence or absence of significant coronary lesions, vascular disease or myocardial insufficiency showed that the group with isolated microfistulae was composed solely of women of about 50 years of age (16 cases). These patients presented typical angina with a simple course (absence of infarction), but a sometimes severe disability due to the symptomatology. The myocardial ischemia could result from a "coronary steal" phenomenon but other hypotheses have been evoked. Their congenital origin is widely accepted but their relation to atherosclerosis has not been established (cause, consequence or fortuitous association). They present specific images on routine coronarography. Treatment is symptomatic but surgical in exceptional cases with refractory, very disabling angina. Finally, detection of left coronaroventricular microfistulae should, when combined with metabolic studies, allow classification of the difficult problem of "angina with angiographically normal coronary arteries".

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Fluid resuscitation with hypertonic saline in endotoxic shock.

Hypertonic saline has been used in the treatment of hypovolemic or burn shock for its rapid volemic effects. Hypertonic solutions could also improve cardiac performance and protect cellular metabolism in acute circulatory failure. We therefore studied the hemodynamic effects of continuous hypertonic saline infusion in the treatment of severe endotoxic shock in the dog. Thirty minutes after slow injection of 3 mg/kg of Escherichia coli endotoxin, fluid resuscitation with either hypertonic saline containing 1,200 mOsm of NaCl/liter (eight dogs) or normotonic saline solution (eight dogs) was started and titrated to maintain left-sided filling pressures at control level. For the next 210 min, the total amount of fluid administered was 64.5 +/- 7.8 ml/kg in the hypertonic group and 83.6 +/- 10.3 ml/kg in the normotonic group. These differences were not statistically significant. Intravascular pressures were similar in the two groups, but cardiac output, stroke volume, and oxygen consumption were significantly higher in the hypertonic group. These results therefore indicate that hypertonic saline can rapidly restore oxygen transport and tissue oxygen consumption in septic shock. The duration of these hemodynamic effects, however, remains to be determined.

Animals↗