Cadmium, NAG activity, and beta 2-microglobulin in the urine of cadmium pigment workers.
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Acetylglucosaminidase↗
Biomedical subjects
A Bernard
Publications and source records attributed to A Bernard.
Validity of the alcian blue binding test as an indicator of red blood cell and glomerular membrane negative charges.
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Alcian Blue↗
[Intercoronary anastomoses of congenital origin. Apropos of a case].
Homo- or heterolateral intercoronary anastomoses are usually present in the normal heart. Owing to their small caliber they cannot be visualized at coronary arteriography, but they may become visible in case of obstructive coronary lesion. Congenital intercoronary anastomoses are entirely different. A case of intercoronary anastomosis between the right coronary artery and the circumflex artery, without any coronary lesion, is presented. This is an exceptional variant, only 12 cases of which were found in the literature. The anastomosis was located in the atrioventricular sulcus in 11 cases and in the interventricular sulcus in 1 case. This "abnormality" can be distinguished from collateral arteries by its angiographic features, and it does not reflect an underlying coronary disease. It may play a protective role if lesions develop on one of the two vessels it links together.
Adult↗
[Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the terminal abdominal aorta. Apropos of a case with a review of the literature].
The indications and results of peripheral arterial angioplasty have now been well defined. The application of this technique to lesions of the infra-renal abdominal aorta has not been particularly controversial up until now but very few cases have been reported in the literature. The authors report a new case using the technique of a double balloon inserted into the two femoral arteries. Apart from the advantages of angioplasty, this technique appears to avoid the risk of impotence inherent with aorto-iliac surgery. The use of Road-Mapping simplifies the problems of detection, position, and adaptation of the balloon and reduces the duration of the procedures.
Adult↗
[Value of the calibration of coronary angioplasty balloons].
A total of 197 polyethylene balloons of 2 to 4 mm diameter were inflated to 1 to 10 atmospheres to determine the variations of size with respect to pressure of inflation. A linear relationship was observed between diameter and pressure of inflation. The slope of this relationship represents the compliance. Balloons of the same diameter have almost identical compliances. The compliance of the balloon increases with size. The specified diameters are obtained with pressures of less than 6 atmospheres. However, the variations of size of a given balloon are important. This study shows that attention should be paid to the calibration of balloon catheters before angioplasty to avoid the risks of over-dilatation. New balloons made of therephtalane polyethylene are much less compliant and do not present this type of problem.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
[Postoperative autologous transfusion in heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation].
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Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗
[Clinical, anatomo-pathologic aspects and therapeutic results in 63 malignant ORL non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in children].
Sixty-three children with non Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the ENT zone (Waldeyer's ring) were treated between 1975 and 1985 at the Institut Gustave-Roussy. The tumors were localized in the cavum (32 cases), tonsils (16 cases), mandibles (9 cases) whereas 6 patients had more than one of these sites involved. At the time of diagnosis, 16 (25%) had neuro-meningeal involvement. Distribution, according to stages and histology was as follows: 4 stages I, 27 stages II, 12 stages III, 17 stages IV and 3 were unclassifiable. A Burkitt type of lymphoma was diagnosed in 37 (58%), a convoluted lymphoblastic type in 6 (10%) and 20 (32%) fell in a broad category of "other lymphoblastic variety" (32%). With regard to therapy, two consecutive time periods could be identified: from 1975 to 1980 all patients were given the same treatment and neuro-meningeal prophylaxis consisted of irradiation of the skull and intrathecal injections of methotrexate. Since 1981, the therapeutic regimen is designed according to the histo-immunological classification of the tumors and neuro-meningeal prophylaxis is carried out with the use of high dose methotrexate. With this new approach the survival rate has increased from 45 to 80% and the incidence of neuromeningeal relapses has decreased.
Adolescent↗
[Dumbbell neurogenic tumors. 5 cases (4 thoracic, 1 lumbar)].
Benign in more than 90% cases, dumbbell neurogenic tumors are rare. It was 3 thoracic schwannome and 1 thoracic ganglioneuroma and 1 lumbar schwannoma are reported. In 2 cases complete removal was performed by thoracotomy, in another case thoracic removal was incomplete with leateag of spinal fluid, laminectomy was necessary 3 months later and in a third case laminectomy was performed first because of paraplagia and thoracotomy one month later. In lumbar case a two ways procedure in 3 weetes space permitted complete removal, a monoparesia and sphincters troubles, regressive spontaneously in 5 months, complicated first performed laminectomy. Schwannome and benign neurofibroma are the most frequent tumors. Latero vertebral situation in chest radio or in abdominal ultrasonography must induce neurogenic tumors diagnosis. Myelography or tomodensitometry confirms intraspinal extension when osseous signs are present on vertebral radiographies. In thoracic localization a one stage combined resection gives the lowest morbidity. In lumbo-sacral localization tumoral large size requires a combined approach, which can be performed in a single stage. Recklinghausen's association in neurofibroma (4 to 16%) exposes to malign evolution risk (12 to 13%).
Adult↗
Immunologic analysis of a thousand cases of acute leukemia. French Groupe d'Etude Immunologique des Leucémies (GEIL).
The French Groupe d'Etude Immunologique des Leucémies (GEIL), now in its fifth year of existence, has collected extensive immunological information on more than 1,000 leukemia patients. The rationale of such multicentric group is to improve immuno-phenotyping and investigate rare phenotypes, with relevance to the clinical outcome of the patients. These aims are described and exemplified through 3 of the first studies performed.
Antigens, Differentiation↗
An immunotoxin system intended for bone marrow purging composed of glucose oxidase and lactoperoxidase coupled to monoclonal antibody 097.
The effectiveness of an antibody-enzyme immunotoxin (eIT) was investigated on human T cells. This enzyme immunotoxin contained glucose oxidase (GO) and lactoperoxidase (LPO) chemically coupled to the pan-leukocyte-specific mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 097 (097-GO and 097-LPO). Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or tumor cells were suspended in a mixture of 097-GO and 097-LPO for 30 min, and then for 2 h with glucose and NaI. The effectiveness of this eIT system was indicated by the almost complete reduction of T cell viability, as estimated by a phytohemagglutinin induced proliferation assay (99.4% +/- 0.31 depletion, mean +/- SEM of 15 experiments). The specificity of the cytotoxicity reaction was indicated by the lack of cytotoxicity of control irrelevant MoAb conjugates to T cells (1.9% +/- 4.17 of T cell depletion, eight experiments). The growth of human bone marrow myeloid progenitors (CFU-GM) was not affected by the conjugates even by increasing 100-fold the optimal cytotoxic dose. T cells were susceptible to the conjugates in the presence of up to 90% of erythrocytes. This eIT system may thus represent a new alternative immunospecific procedure for allograft and/or autograft purging, and appears to effectively replace complement-mediated methods of T cell depletion.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Purification and characterization of 5-ketofructose reductase from Erwinia citreus.
5-Ketofructose reductase [D(-)fructose:(NADP+) 5-oxidoreductase] was purified to homogeneity from Erwinia citreus and demonstrated to catalyse the reversible NADPH-dependent reduction of 5-ketofructose (D-threo-2,5-hexodiulose) to D-fructose. The enzyme appeared as a single species upon analyses by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing with an apparent relative molecular mass of 40,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.4. The amino acid composition of the enzyme and the N-terminal sequence of the first 39 residues are described. The steady-state kinetic mechanism was an ordered one with NADPH binding first to the enzyme and then to 5-ketofructose, and the order of product release was D-fructose followed by NADP+. The reversible nature of the reaction offers the possibility of using this enzyme for the determination of D-fructose.
Amino Acids↗
Latex immunoassay of serum alpha-fetoprotein using polyethylene glycol pretreatment.
A latex particle immunoassay has been developed for the determination of serum alpha-fetoprotein. The assay consists of incubating the serum sample for 30 min at 50 degrees C with latex particles coated with anti-alpha-fetoprotein immunoglobulin, then quantifying the remaining unagglutinated particles with an optical particle counter. The assay is fully automated with a sampling rate of 40/h. The interference from rheumatoid factor is eliminated by precipitation with polyethylene glycol (7% final concentration). The alpha-fetoprotein standard curve, prepared in a human serum matrix, extends from 0.5 to 32 micrograms/l. Because sera are diluted ten-fold, the limit of detection of the assay lies around 5 micrograms/l. Coefficients of variation ranged from 4 to 15% and the recovery of alpha-fetoprotein tested on eight normal sera and four sera containing rheumatoid factor averaged 102.2% (SD = 13.2). The correlation coefficient between latex immunoassay and radioimmunoassay, calculated from the assay of 138 samples was 0.98.
Humans↗
Loss of alleles on chromosome 18 and on the short arm of chromosome 17 in polyploid colorectal carcinomas.
The zygosity of 19 colorectal carcinomas (either near-diploid or polyploid) from patients known to be heterozygous for RFLPs located on chromosome 18 or on the short arm of chromosome 17 has been examined. In most cases, at least one allele was significantly under-represented. The reason for the absence of complete loss of heterozygosity was investigated for 5 polyploid tumors. It was shown that the diploid component which, in these tumors, is essentially composed of non-neoplastic cells, remains heterozygous as the polyploid component invariably loses heterozygosity. The results strongly suggest that many colorectal carcinomas originate from a single cell which had lost at least part of either chromosome 18 or of one short arm of chromosome 17, or both.
Adult↗
A T cell surface molecule different from CD2 is involved in spontaneous rosette formation with erythrocytes.
Increasing evidence indicates that rosettes which spontaneously from between human T cells and E might be of physiologic relevance. We show here that another T cell-surface molecule than CD2 is involved in rosette formation. Four mAb have been obtained reacting with human T cells that block rosettes with E from many species, including autologous cells. They react with a molecule, we termed E2, which is actively synthetized by T and monocytic cells. Immunoprecipitation revealed a major 32-kDa band. Immunoblots revealed a major 32-kDa band and a minor 20-kDa band. This molecule was detected on all T cells tested--and present at high densities on corticothymocytes, but at low densities on medullary thymocytes. It was also found on monocytes but not on B cells. However B-CLL cells did carry this molecule. E2 molecules were also detected on nonhematologic cells. Together with the recent evidence that 3 molecules from the erythrocyte surface are also involved for rosettes, intricate molecular interactions would account for adhesion of T cells to autologous E and possibly autologous nucleated cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Effect of renal insufficiency on the concentration of free retinol-binding protein in urine and serum.
The concentration of retinol-binding protein (RBP) in urine was determined in 20 healthy individuals and 119 patients with various renal diseases involving tubular or glomerular dysfunction. The sera from 4 healthy individuals and 33 patients were chromatographed on Sephadex G-75 to measure the concentration of free (i.e. not prealbumin-bound) RBP. In healthy individuals, the mean concentration of free RBP in serum was 5.8 mg/l and represented 14% of total RBP; the renal clearance and the fractional tubular uptake of free RBP averaged 0.032 ml/min and 99.97%, respectively. In patients, the concentration of free RBP and the percentage of free RBP in serum were on logarithmic scales inversely correlated with the endogenous creatinine clearance (r = -0.80 and -0.76) and increased in parallel with the serum creatinine (r = 0.67 and 0.66) and beta 2-microglobulin concentrations (beta 2-m, r = 0.76 and 0.89). The semi-logarithmic plot of urine versus serum concentration of free RBP suggests a renal threshold for the tubular reabsorption of this protein at a concentration of about 25 mg/l in serum. The existence of this threshold is confirmed by the relationship between urinary RBP and serum beta 2-m showing that urinary excretion of RBP is invariably high when the serum level of beta 2-m exceeds 5 mg/l. The latter value corresponds precisely to the renal threshold for the tubular reabsorption of beta 2-m. The corresponding value for free RBP derived from the relationship between both proteins is 24 mg/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chromatography, Gel↗
Activation signals via CD2 molecule and interleukin 2 receptor act in synergy for helper function induction.
The membrane CD2 molecule appears to play an important role in T cell activation. Indeed, T cell stimulation by some combinations of anti-CD2 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) can result in antigen-independent expression of helper function as assessed by proliferation and lymphokine secretion. We report here that T cell stimulation by a combination of two anti-CD2 mAb recognizing GT2 and T11(1) epitopes, respectively, cannot alone induce T helper clones to proliferate when preincubated in culture medium devoid of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL2). The concerted action of both anti-GT2 + T11(1) mAb and exogenous recombinant IL2 is required to induce cloned helper T cells to produce IL 2 and interferon-gamma to significantly increase IL2 receptors (IL2R) and finally to divide by an autocrine mechanism, whereas each signal alone has no effect. This therefore suggests that, under some conditions of CD2 stimulation, two minimal signals may be delivered through CD2 and IL2R and act synergistically to achieve a complete expression of T helper cell functions. Moreover, analysis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid metabolic changes mediated by each signal separately or together suggests that, in this model, IL2 increases the phosphoinositide turnover induced by anti-CD2 antibodies up to a level required for helper function acquisition.
Antigens, Differentiation↗
The required interaction between monocytes and peripheral blood T lymphocytes (T-PBL) upon activation via CD2 or CD3. Role of HLA class I molecules from accessory cells and the differential response of T-PBL subsets.
Previously, we have shown that paraformaldehyde-fixed monocytes are able to fully complement, in terms of [3H]dThd incorporation, a primary stimulus delivered to purified T cells by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) reacting with CD3 or CD2 molecules. Here, we show that depending on the stimulus used (CD3 mAb or different pairs of CD2 mAb) HLA class I molecules from monocytes are directly involved in complementary signals provided to T cells. This was evidenced by the following observations: (a) mAb reacting with the heavy or light chain of class I molecules, or their Fab fragments, completely blocked proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) activated by CD3 mAb; (b) mAb against the heavy chain of HLA class I but not against beta 2-microglobulin partially blocked (approximately equal to 50%) PBL activation by the CD2 "GT2 + T111" mAb pair but did not block activation by CD2 "D66 + T111" mAb; (c) this pattern of inhibition was observed when anti-class I mAb were used in the soluble phase or when they were bound to monocytes subsequently fixed with paraformaldehyde and cultivated with purified autologous T cells; (d) fixed monocytes are able to restore interleukin (IL) 2 receptor expression on purified T cells stimulated by CD3 mAb or CD2 "GT2 + T111", contrary to anti-HLA class I mAb-pretreated monocytes. The inhibitory effects of anti-HLA class I mAb bound to monocytes were not found to be reversed by recombinant IL2 or recombinant IL1. We assume that HLA class I would be involved in two or more signals delivered to T cells by monocytes, the requirement in those signals depending on the initial stimulus applied to T cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Cyclic AMP-mediated alteration of the CD2 activation process in human T lymphocytes. Preferential inhibition of the phosphoinositide cycle-related transduction pathway.
Activation of human T lymphocytes via the CD2 molecule produces an enhanced turnover of phosphatidylinositol (PI) cycle-related phospholipids accompanied by the increased production of diacylglycerol (DG) and phosphorylated derivatives of inositol (IP). In this report we demonstrate that increased levels of intracellular cyclic AMP induced in human T lymphocytes by prostaglandin E2 or dibutyryl cAMP antagonize these early biochemical events of the CD2 activation process. Thus, a substantial inhibition of the CD2-induced increase in 32P-phosphatidic acid and 32P-PI values is observed. In parallel, both the DG production and the IP release triggered by the CD2 signal are strongly reduced contrasting with an almost conserved Ca2+ response. We also report here that cAMP does inhibit the CD2-induced proliferation in a dose-dependent manner while the proliferation generated independently of DG and IP production by a combination of Ca2+ ionophore A23187 and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate is not affected. These results therefore suggest that (a) intracellular cAMP levels may participate in the regulation of the PI cycle-related transduction pathway involved in the activation process of human T lymphocytes via the CD2 molecule; (b) the observed cAMP-mediated functional inhibitory effects are mainly related to an alteration of this cellular transduction signal; and (c) considering the putative critical second messenger role in the T cell proliferative response of DG and IP, respectively thought to activate the protein kinase C and to raise the intracellular free Ca2+, the lowering of DG production may be the key event responsible for this cAMP-mediated effect.
Adenylyl Cyclases↗