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Biomedical subjects

A Bergman

Publications and source records attributed to A Bergman.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in men. Comparison of the partners of infected and uninfected women.

Men were checked for the presence of genital human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated lesions. The evaluation included acetic acid-guided, high-magnification examination of the penis and scrotum employing a colposcope and biopsy confirmation of HPV-associated lesions in the genital area. The men were in a high-risk group if they were sexual partners (for at least six months) of women known to harbor genital condyloma. The men were in a low-risk group if they were sexual partners of women with no known genital condyloma. Seventy-eight of 113 men (69%) in the high-risk group had genital HPV-associated lesions, while 31% did not. Two of the 94 men (2%) in the low-risk group had genital HPV-associated lesions, while 98% did not. The differences were highly statistically significant (P less than .01). The male sexual partners of women with HPV infection had a significantly higher risk of harboring genital HPV infection as compared to partners of uninfected women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Prostaglandin for enhancing bladder function after vaginal surgery. Does it work?

Fifty women underwent vaginal hysterectomy with or without anterior and posterior colporrhaphy. After the operations the women were allocated randomly to one of three groups. One group (17 patients) received daily vaginal suppositories of 10 mg of prostaglandin E2. The second group (15) received a daily intravesical solution of 50 micrograms of prostaglandin F2 alpha dissolved in 100 mL of normal saline. The third group (18) received a daily instillation of 100 mL of saline and served as the control group. The postvoiding residual urinary volume was checked daily through a suprapubic catheter, which was removed once the residual volume was less than 50 mL. The prostaglandin did not shorten the time required for postoperative bladder drainage. The rates of febrile morbidity and hospital stay were the same in all three groups. Since most of the women in the study voided spontaneously within three days, the "sit and wait" approach seems reasonable in such patients, and prophylactic treatment to enhance bladder function after vaginal operations does not seem justified.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1991

Defective CD2 pathway T cell activation in systemic lupus erythematosus.

CD2 (T11; sheep erythrocyte receptor) is the surface component of an alternative, antigen-independent pathway of human T cell activation. The response to certain anti-CD2 antibodies is relatively independent of accessory cell signals and therefore provides a direct measurement of T cell function. The CD2 pathway may be important in the differentiation of thymocytes, on which the expression of CD2 precedes the appearance of the CD3-T cell receptor complex. In view of the impaired T cell regulation of immune responses in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we examined the activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes by anti-CD2 antibodies in 57 SLE patients and 32 normal control subjects. The CD2 pathway response was lower in the SLE patients (P less than 0.0001); 18 of the 57 SLE patients had a lower response than any of the control subjects. The SLE low-responder patients did not differ from the normal-responder patients in terms of disease activity or use of antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive medications. Low responses to anti-CD2 were corrected to normal by the coaddition of a submitogenic amount of phorbol myristate acetate (1 ng/ml). In some low-responder patients, the responses were normalized by the removal of non-T cells. The data indicate that some SLE patients have impaired responses to CD2 pathway activation and that this may reflect intrinsic T cell defects and/or regulatory influences of non-T cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The role of prostaglandins in detrusor instability.

To study the role of prostaglandin production by detrusor muscle in women with idiopathic primary detrusor instability, biopsies of detrusor muscle were obtained from 20 women. Nine women had detrusor instability, and 11 women had stable bladders. Prostaglandin F2 alpha and the stable metabolites of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2, namely, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2, respectively, were measured after in vitro incubations of detrusor muscle for 3 hours. A significant reduction in the production of 6-keto-prostaglandin1 alpha in women with detrusor instability was noted. There were no differences in the production of prostaglandin F2 alpha and thromboxane B2, between women with stable and unstable bladders. These results suggest for the first time that women with idiopathic primary detrusor instability may have a deficient production of prostacyclin.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1991

A methylsulfonyl metabolite of a polychlorinated biphenyl can serve as a ligand for liver fatty acid binding protein in rat intestinal mucosa.

When a 100,000 x g supernatant from rat intestinal mucosa was incubated with 4,4'-bis([3H]methylsulfonyl)-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, [(CT3SO2)2TCB] a (CT3SO2)2TCB-protein complex was formed. The (CT3SO2)2TCB-protein complex was isolated and purified using gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The protein portion of this complex was characterized to be liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis. No cross reactivity was observed in the immunoblot analysis between the purified protein and anti-heart or anti-intestinal fatty acid binding protein. (CT3SO2)2TCB was extractable from L-FABP and therefore not covalently bound to L-FABP.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls with Ah receptor affinity on lymphoid development in the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius of chick embryos in ovo and in mouse thymus anlagen in vitro.

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and its congeners bind to the Ah receptor and are known to cause thymic atrophy in most experimental animal species and also to inhibit lymphoid development in the embryonic thymus (T-cells) and in the bursa of Fabricius of chick embryos (B-cells). The coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PeCB), and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) (relatively strong Ah receptor ligands) and the mono-ortho-chlorinated analogues of TCB and PeCB (relatively weak Ah receptor ligands) were administered to chick embryos by air chamber injection on Day 13 of incubation. The numbers of lymphoid cells (on Day 19) in the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius were lower, in a dose-dependent manner, in embryos treated with the coplanar PCBs compared with controls. Approximate ED50 values for inhibition of bursal cell development were 4 micrograms for PeCB, 50 micrograms for TCB, and 300 micrograms/kg egg for HCB. The most immunotoxic of the mono-ortho-chlorinated analogues of TCB and PeCB were about 1000 times less potent than PeCB. The in vitro effects of the PCBs were studied in organ cultures of thymi from 15-day-old mouse fetuses. The three coplanar chlorobiphenyls inhibited lymphoid development in this culture system in a dose-dependent manner. PeCB was only about 10 times less potent (EC50 approximately 2 x 10(-9) M) than than TCDD (EC50 approximately 2 x 10(-10) M), whereas HCB and TCB were about 100 times less toxic than PeCB. No inhibition of lymphoid development by the mono-ortho-chlorinated PCBs was observed using concentrations as high as 10(-6) M.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Urethral pressure changes in women with detrusor instability. Bladder or urethral pathologic process?

One hundred and fourteen female patients had clinical and urodynamic diagnosis of detrusor instability. They all received oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan) 5 mg t.i.d. for four weeks and evaluation repeated. Sixty-six of the 114 patients (58%) responded favorably to anticholinergic treatment while 48 patients (42%) did not. Based on urethrocystometry, two groups of patients were identified: Group I consisted of 73 women with bladder contraction that preceded any change in urethral pressure. Group II consisted of 41 patients with urethral pressure drop that preceded the detrusor contraction by a few seconds. Sixty-one of the 73 women (84%) in Group I responded favorably to four weeks of anticholinergic therapy while 88 percent (36 of 41) of women in Group II did not (P less than 0.01). Our results suggest that women with bladder contraction that is preceded by urethral relaxation represent a different pathologic entity than women with "classic detrusor instability".

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Adrenocortical toxicity of 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE in mice. II. Mitochondrial changes following ecologically relevant doses.

Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize early ultrastructural lesions in the adrenal zona fasciculata of female C57BL mice given a single ip injection of the adrenocorticolytic DDT-metabolite 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE (MeSO2-DDE). Following 3 mg/kg, mitochondrial changes were observed 6 hr after dosing. At 12 and 24 hr the mitochondrial changes were conspicuous, with disorganization and disappearance of central cristae. At doses of 6, 12, and 25 mg/kg body wt initial (6 hr) mitochondrial vacuolization was observed, followed by disappearance of mitochondria (6-12 mg/kg) or cellular necrosis (25 mg/kg). The metabolic activation and binding of MeSO2-[14C]DDE in adrenal homogenates were determined in vitro. The irreversible binding of MeSO2-[14C]DDE to the mitochondria-containing adrenal S-9 pellet fraction was 50 times higher than that to the postmitochondrial S-12 supernatant fraction. The apparent Km was 2.1 microM and the apparent Vmax was 104 pmol/mg protein/30 min for the binding of MeSO2-[14C]DDE to S-0.3 supernatants. The irreversible protein binding was inhibited by metyrapone (Ki = 1 microM) and 11-deoxycorticosterone (Ki = 3 microM). In conclusion, the adrenal metabolic activation of MeSO2-DDE is suggested to be mediated by a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 form, presumably P450 (11 beta). A primary mitochondrial lesion develops and subsequently leads to degeneration and necrosis of the zona fasciculata.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1991

Purpose of admission and resource use during cancer hospitalizations.

This study examined the role of purpose of admission (POA) in hospitalizations for lung, colon, and breast cancers, using the 1985 20-percent Medicare provider analysis and review file. Six POA categories were created from discharge abstract data. Average hospitalization charges, per diem charges, length of stay, and rates of death varied significantly by POA (p < .001). Rural and small hospitals were more likely to admit patients for palliation, while urban and large hospitals admitted relatively more patients for active interventions (p < .0001). POA and indicators of case complexity added only modestly to the ability of diagnosis-related groups to predict hospitalization charges.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Urinary tract infections in women.

Factors influencing urinary tract infections depend on a balance between bacterial virulence (bacterial adhesion to tissues, hemolysin, and aerobactin) and on the host's defenses (local immunoglobulin production). Predisposing factors for the development of urinary tract infections in women are physiologic changes with aging, use of catheters, and genitourinary operations. Therapy for uncomplicated urinary tract infections usually consists of a single dose of medication for 3 to 7 days, although the 1-day regimen was proved to be quite effective. Treatment of complicated urinary tract infections is by intravenous medications. New drugs for treatment of urinary tract infections are also reviewed.

Female↗
PubMed1991

[PCB methyl sulphone: comparison of tissue levels in Baltic grey seals and a Yusho patient].

Methyl sulphone metabolites of PCB and DDE were isolated from different tissues of a Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Main components in the seal blubber were identified as 3-MeSO2-2,2',4',5,5'-pentaCB, 4-MeSO2-2,2',4',5,5'-pentaCB, 3-MeSO2-p,p'-DDE, 4-MeSO2-2,2',3',4',5-pentaCB and 4-MeSO2-2,2',3,4',5',6-hexaCB. Liver and lung in the seal contained different MeSO2-PCB pattern compared to all other tissues. These levels in the both tissues were estimated to be 28 and 15 ppm (lipid basis) which corresponded to the same level as the PCB. Concentrations of MeSO2-PCB in any tissues of a Yusho patient were low compared to those in the seal.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The Ball-Burch procedure for stress incontinence with low urethral pressure.

Up to a 50% failure rate may be expected when genuine stress incontinence with low urethral pressure is treated with routine urethropexy. A combination of Ball and Burch procedures has been suggested as an acceptable alternative to a sling procedure for the condition. In this study, 18 women undergoing a Burch procedure and 48 undergoing a Ball-Burch procedure were available for follow-up urodynamic evaluation. The one-year objective failure rate of the Burch procedure was 38%, and that of the Ball-Burch procedure was 10%, for a statistically significant difference (P less than .05). The Ball-Burch procedure appears to be an effective means of curing women of genuine stress incontinence with low urethral pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The postmenopausal adnexal mass: correlation between ultrasonic and pathologic findings.

One hundred two postmenopausal women underwent ultrasonographic evaluation of adnexal masses before surgery. Twenty-nine (28%) had malignant tumors and 73 (72%) had benign tumors. Two of 33 patients with a "simple cyst" smaller than 5 cm in diameter by ultrasound had malignant ovarian tumors. Twenty-two of the 52 women (42%) with "complex masses" by ultrasound and five of the 17 (29%) with solid tumors had ovarian cancer. For predicting malignancy in ovarian tumors, abdominal ultrasonography had a positive predictive value of 39% and a negative predictive value of 94%. If a negative sonogram had been relied upon, 6% of malignant ovarian tumors in postmenopausal women might have been missed.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

Genital human papillomavirus infection in men. Diagnosis and treatment with a laser and 5-fluorouracil.

One hundred twenty-eight consecutive men, sexual partners (for more than six months) of women treated for genital condylomata acuminata, were evaluated with colposcopy to assess the percentage of infected men among the couples. Ninety-three (73%) of the men were found to have a genital human papillomavirus infection on colposcopically directed biopsies. All but one patient were treated with outpatient colposcopically guided laser vaporization under local anesthesia (one patient with extensive condylomata required general anesthesia). Two weeks after laser surgery, 5% 5-fluorouracil cream, used in the genital area, was initiated on a weekly basis for two months and every other week for two more months. Patients were followed in the clinic with colposcopy performed every eight weeks for six months to evaluate the regimen's results. Thirty-seven (40%) of the 93 men had "clinically" apparent genital HPV infection, and 56 (60%) of the 93 had "subclinical" disease (as determined with colposcopy). The majority of the patients (87 of 93, or 94%) responded to one laser treatment followed by 5-fluorouracil cream and had no visible lesions at six months. Colposcopic evaluation of the male partners of infected women and laser surgery followed by topical 5-fluorouracil therapy appear to be safe and effective in controlling genital HPV infection.

Acetates↗
PubMed1990

3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: metabolism by the chick embryo in ovo and toxicity of hydroxylated metabolites.

The metabolism of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) has been studied in the chicken in ovo by analysis of bile from chick embryos. Four percent of the [14C]TCB dose injected into the air sac on day 13 of incubation was detected in the bile by day 19. An increase of more lipophilic TCB metabolites was observed by HPLC analysis after hydrolysis of the bile. TCB and three phenolic TCB metabolites were identified and quantified in the hydrolyzed bile: TCB (14 ng/gall bladder), 5-hydroxy-3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (234 ng/gall bladder), 4-hydroxy-3,3',4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl (45 ng/gall bladder) and 2-hydroxy-3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (3 ng/gall bladder). The presence of two other TCB metabolites in the bile, a dihydroxy-tetrachlorobiphenyl and a dihydroxy-trichlorobiphenyl was also indicated. The method used in the present study is well suited for studies of metabolism in avian embryos in ovo. The three TCB metabolites identified all proved to be at least two orders of magnitude less toxic than TCB in a chick embryo test. These metabolites were also shown to bind with significantly lower affinity than TCB to the Ah receptor. TCB, 5-hydroxy-3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 4-hydroxy-3,3',4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 2-hydroxy-3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl gave Kd values of 16, 33, 45 and 37 nM, respectively, in the Ah receptor test.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Reliability of the patient's history in the diagnosis of urinary incontinence.

The reliability of a patient's history has been challenged in the preoperative evaluation of stress urinary incontinence. In this study, 122 consecutive patients referred to our Gynecology/Urology clinic were evaluated and an additional 32 control patients (continent women with no urinary symptoms) were evaluated. All patients answered a detailed 64-item questionnaire, and all patients received a complete urodynamic evaluation. Our detailed questionnaire provided a mean positive predictive value of 80% for genuine stress incontinence and 25% for detrusor instability. The conditions leading to a false positive history suggestive of genuine stress incontinence were detrusor instability and urethral diverticulum. The conditions leading to a false positive history suggestive of detrusor instability were urethritis, unstable urethra, vaginitis and polyuria. History alone can be misleading in diagnosing urinary incontinence.

Cystoscopy↗