Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Bergman

Publications and source records attributed to A Bergman.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The effects of parental psychopathology and maltreatment on child behavior: a test of the diathesis-stress model.

Past research on risk factors in child development has tended to focus on 1 risk factor rather than examining the effects of multiple factors simultaneously. The present research examines the main and interactive effects of parental psychopathology (schizophrenia, psychiatric control, and normal control) and maltreatment on child behavior. Child aggression, delinquency, and social withdrawal were assessed at 2 times so that the effects of risk factors on behavioral change could also be examined. The results indicate significant relations between the risk factors and child behavior. Most notably, parental psychiatric status and maltreatment interacted significantly, such that offspring of schizophrenic parents from maltreating families showed increases in externalized behavior problems over time. These results support a diathesis-stress model of psychopathology.

Aggression↗
PubMed1989

Covalent binding of four DDD isomers in the mouse lung: lack of structure specificity.

Previous studies have shown that o,p'-DDD is activated and covalently bound in the mouse lung. In order to examine the structure dependency of the selective lung binding, the 14C-labelled DDD isomers p,p'-DDD, m,p'-DDD and o,m'-DDD were injected intravenously into female C57B1 mice and covalent binding was measured. Autoradiography of solvent-extracted tape-sections showed that all isomers were selectively and covalently bound in the lung alveolar region. As determined by exhaustive extraction of homogenized tissue, maximal binding was observed 4 hr after injection, although the lung/liver concentration ratio increased for 12 days. Covalent protein binding was also observed in vitro, implying that the activation of DDD to a reactive metabolite takes place in the target organ. Since the aryl-chlorine substitution pattern did not change the selective lung binding, bioactivation of DDD may take place at the ethane side-chain.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Pleural block: technique for regional anesthesia during percutaneous hepatobiliary drainage.

A new technique was used to achieve safe regional anesthesia in seven patients undergoing percutaneous hepatobiliary drainage. The pleural block was administered, and pain was assessed during and after the procedure by means of sensitivity to pin prick, verbal response, electrocardiographic tracings, and blood pressure measurements. In all patients the technique produced relief of somatic pain and did not alter hemodynamic or respiratory status.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMed1989

Proposed management of low urethral pressure type of genuine stress urinary incontinence.

One hundred and twenty-one patients with genuine stress urinary incontinence underwent urodynamic examination before and after Burch colposuspension. They were divided into two groups, one with preoperative urethral pressure of 20 cm water or less (n = 17), and the other with urethral pressure greater than 20 cm water (n = 104). Success rates at 12 months were significantly lower in women with low urethral pressure as compared with those with normal urethral pressure (65 vs. 88%; p less than 0.01). Starting in January 1987, all patients with low urethral pressure preoperatively underwent a surgical procedure which combined the techniques of the Ball and Burch procedures. Short-term cure rate (at 3 months postoperative follow-up) in women with low urethral pressure was 83% as opposed to 70% with the Burch urethropexy (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A new commercial method for the enzymatic determination of creatinine in serum and urine evaluated: comparison with a kinetic Jaffé method and isotope dilution-mass spectrometry.

We evaluated a new, simple, enzymatic kinetic method from Wako Chemicals GmbH in comparison with a kinetic Jaffé method by using isotope dilution-mass spectrometry (ID-MS) as a reference method. An ID-MS-calibrated serum standard was used. Both the enzymatic and the Jaffé method correlated well with ID-MS, except for sera with high concentrations of bilirubin. Ethyl acetoacetate, acetone, and glucose in serum interfered somewhat with the Jaffé method but not with the enzymatic method. We conclude that the present enzymatic method has merit as compared with a Jaffé method for routine work, but is more expensive.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1989

Leiomyoma of the female urethra. A case report.

A huge vaginal mass arose from the urethra, causing obstruction and urinary retention. Preoperative biopsy revealed a benign leiomyoma. Vaginal excision of the mass was performed without complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Negative Q-tip test as a risk factor for failed incontinence surgery in women.

Fifteen women with a clinical and urodynamic diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence had a negative Q-tip test (greater than or equal to 30 degrees Q-tip angle change on straining). All 15 had retropubic surgical procedures for stress incontinence in the form of a revised Pereyra procedure (n = 6) or Burch retropubic urethropexy (n = 9). Five of the nine patients undergoing the Burch procedure (55%) and three of the six undergoing the Peyreya procedure (50%) failed the procedure, for an overall failure rate of 53%. This rate was five times higher than that among women with stress urinary incontinence and a positive Q-tip test who underwent the same procedures (P less than .01). We conclude that women with stress urinary incontinence and no anatomic defect in the support of the urethrovesical junction should not undergo retropubic procedures because of their high failure rate. Other occlusive procedures, such as sling operations, should be considered for this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Detrusor instability. Is the bladder the cause or the effect?

Seventy-two patients had a clinical and urodynamic diagnosis of detrusor instability. All were given four weeks of anticholinergics (oxybutinin, 5 mg three times a day) and had their evaluation repeated. Forty-one patients (57%) responded favorably to the anticholinergics, and 31 (43%) did not. The 31 discontinued the anticholinergics and were placed on sympathomimetics (phenylpropanlamine, 25 mg two times a day) for another four weeks before repeating their evaluation. Based on urethrocystometry, two groups were identified: group I (n = 44) had bladder contraction that preceded any urethral pressure change, and group II (n = 28) had urethral relaxation that preceded bladder contraction. Most women in group I (38 or the 44 [86%]) responded favorably to anticholinergics. Most women in group II failed to respond to anticholinergics, while more than two-thirds of them (19 of 28 [68%]) responded favorably to sympathomimetics (P less than .001). Our results suggest that bladder contraction that precedes any urethral pressure change represents detrusor pathology as opposed to bladder contraction that follows urethral relaxation: it probably represents urethral pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Role of antibiotic prophylaxis in retropubic surgery for stress urinary incontinence.

The effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics was studied prospectively in 26 women undergoing retropubic urethropexy for genuine stress incontinence. Each of the 14 patients in the antibiotic prophylaxis group received three 1-g doses of intravenous cefazolin administered before, during, and 6-8 hours after surgery. Twelve women served as a control group and did not receive prophylactic antibiotics. Postoperative febrile morbidity and hospital stay were significantly less (P less than .01 and P less than .05, respectively) in patients who received prophylactic antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Urethral syndrome. A comparison of different treatment modalities.

Sixty women with the diagnosis of urethral syndrome were consecutively assigned to one of three treatment modalities. The first group (20 patients) was treated with tetracycline, 2 g/d for ten days. The second group (20 patients) was treated with three serial urethral dilations at two- to three-week intervals, and the third group (20 patients) received placebo for ten days and served as a control group. A detailed clinical evaluation and uroflowmetry were performed before treatment and eight weeks afterwards. A subjective cure, which was defined as an absence of symptoms at the follow-up visits, was achieved in 20% of the placebo group, 50% of the tetracycline group and 75% of the urethral dilation group (P less than .01). An objective improvement in uroflowmetry occurred only in the group treated with serial urethral dilation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ultrasonic evaluation of urethrovesical junction in women with stress urinary incontinence.

An ultrasonic evaluation of the bladder base and urethrovesical junction, at rest and during stress, using a transrectal probe, was performed on 24 continent and 67 incontinent patients. Forty-four of the incontinent patients had clinical and urodynamic diagnoses of stress urinary incontinence and 23 patients had detrusor instability incontinence. Thirty-eight of the 44 patients (86%) with urodynamically and urethroscopically proven genuine stress urinary incontinence and a weak urethral sphincter had a urethrovesical junction (UVJ) drop during stress of greater than or equal to 1 cm (mean 1.3 cm +/- 0.6 cm), as demonstrated on transrectal ultrasonic evaluation. All 23 patients with detrusor instability and 22 of the 24 continent (control) patients had UVJ drop on straining of less than 1 cm (mean 0.48 cm +/- 0.23 cm and 0.54 cm +/- 0.29 cm, respectively, p less than 0.05). The sensitivity of ultrasonic evaluation of women with stress urinary incontinence (when 1-cm drop of UVJ is considered as the upper boundary of normal) was 86% and the specificity was 91%. This ultrasound technique is quick, simple, and appears to be accurate. We believe this technique should be considered in the preoperative evaluation of women with stress urinary incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Predicting postoperative urinary incontinence development in women undergoing operation for genitourinary prolapse.

A total of 67 female patients with pelvic relaxation (cystocele beyond the vaginal orifice) and with no urinary incontinence were clinically and urodynamically evaluated before and after a reconstructive surgical procedure. Of these, 24 patients had a significant decrease in abdominal pressure transmission to the urethra once the cystocele was reduced by vaginal pessary (abdominal pressure transmission ratio to urethra: bladder of less than 1.0). All 24 had a revised Pereyra procedure in addition to the cystocele repair. The other 43 patients had adequate abdominal pressure transmission to the urethra once the cystocele was reduced by vaginal pessary (abdominal pressure transmission ratio to urethra: bladder of greater than or equal to 1.0). These 43 patients underwent cystocele repair only with no surgical repair to the urethra or urethrovesical junction. Evaluation was repeated at 3 to 6 months after the operation. No patient developed urinary incontinence after operation. All 67 patients had urodynamically good abdominal pressure transmission to the urethra while coughing. Women with significant genitourinary prolapse may be continent in spite of a weak urethral sphincter because of kinking of the poorly supported urethra. Urodynamic testing can identify those women at risk of developing postoperative urinary incontinence so that prophylactic measures can be undertaken.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

Metabolic activation and toxicity of a DDT-metabolite, 3-methylsulphonyl-DDE, in the adrenal zona fasciculata in mice.

Whole-body autoradiography of 14C-labelled 3-methylsulphonyl-DDE (3-MeSO2-DDE) in female C57BL mice revealed a heavy accumulation in the adrenal cortex. Fairly high radioactivity appeared in the nasal mucosa and fat, while the labelling of the liver was intermediate. The adrenal radioactivity remained largely unextracted in tissue-sections treated with organic solvents. In the liver and intestinal contents the radioactivity was partly extracted, whereas in all other tissues almost completely extracted. According to light microscopic autoradiography, the tissue-bound adrenal radioactivity was confined to the zona fasciculata, leaving the other adrenal zones devoid of bound material. Incubation of 3-MeSO2-DDE with adrenal tissue (300 X g supernatant) revealed a dose- and time-dependent covalent binding to protein and formation of water-soluble metabolites. The cytochrome P-450 inhibitors metyrapone and carbon monoxide inhibited both covalent binding and polar metabolite formation. Addition of reduced glutathione decreased binding, while polar metabolite formation was increased. Histopathological examination of adrenals from 3-MeSO2-DDE-treated mice revealed extensive vacuolation and necrosis of the zona fasciculata 1-12 days after single doses down to 25 mg/kg. Degenerative changes were observed at 12.5 mg/kg. In contrast to 3-MeSO2-DDE, 14C-labelled 3,3'-bis(methylsulphonyl)-DDE was not accumulated in the adrenal cortex. 3-MeSO2-DDE is thus a persistent environmental pollutant with a unique ability to produce acute toxicity subsequent to metabolic activation in a mammalian tissue.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1988

The binding of methylsulfonyl-polychloro-biphenyls to uteroglobin.

The binding of methylsulfonyl-polychloro-biphenyls (methylsulfonyl-PCBs) to purified uteroglobin was studied by a dextran-coated charcoal assay using 4,4'-bis([ 3H]methylsulfonyl)-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl [(3H-MeSO2)2TCB] as radiolabeled ligand. The specific binding of this ligand to uteroglobin was enhanced by the presence of dithiothreitol, and the optimal concentration of dithiothreitol for binding was 20 mM. The specific [(3H-MeSO2)2TCB] binding was inhibited by 4-methylsulfonyl-2,2',4',5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl in a concentration-dependent manner. The molecular structures of methylsulfonyl-PCBs, and progesterone, were fitted into the X-ray crystallographic structure of uteroglobin using the molecular graphics program TOM. In these simulations the water-accessible surfaces of the ligands appeared quite similar, and fitted nicely in the internal water-accessible surface of uteroglobulin. Moreover, it appeared from the computer-supported ligand-binding studies that the sulfone oxygens of the studied methylsulfonyl-PCBs, as well as the carbonyl (C20) of progesterone, may form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of TYR 21 of uteroglobulin. These findings may explain why both steroids and methylsulfonyl-PCBs interact with the same protein, although these two types of ligands are structurally dissimilar.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1988

Urinary urgency following administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone during simultaneous urethrocystometry.

To study the pathophysiology of urinary urgency frequently reported on administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), simultaneous urethrocystometry was performed in 10 women before and after administration of 500 micrograms of TRH. Nine women in the control group received normal saline in place of TRH. The TRH group demonstrated a significant drop in urethral closure pressure (p less than 0.01) within two minutes after TRH injection. Eight women complained of urinary urgency during the interval of observed drop in urethral closure pressure. No significant changes were seen in true detrusor pressure in both the TRH and in the control groups. The close association of drop in urethral pressure and urinary urgency suggests the presence of a motor component to this either centrally or peripherally mediated urinary urgency following TRH administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Changes in detrusor contractility after incontinence surgery.

To study the effects of incontinence surgery on detrusor contractility, a group of 24 women who preoperatively voided without a detrusor contraction during voiding urethrocystometry were re-evaluated for detrusor contractility three months after surgery for stress urinary incontinence. Twelve women regained detrusor contractility during voiding and were able to resume spontaneous voiding after incontinence surgery. The remaining 12 patients, representing true detrusor atony, continued to void without a detrusor contraction, and the majority (10/12) needed prolonged postoperative bladder drainage prior to resumption of spontaneous voiding. Presence of reduced flow rates and absence of detrusor contraction during preoperative voiding indicated true detrusor hypotonicity. Two thirds of the patients voiding with normal flow rates but without a detrusor contraction during preoperative voiding regained detrusor contraction after incontinence surgery (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Transrectal ultrasound versus cystography in the evaluation of anatomical stress urinary incontinence.

Thirty-two female patients with clinical and urodynamic findings of genuine stress urinary incontinence were evaluated before and 6 months after surgery for stress urinary incontinence. Twenty-nine control patients had identical evaluations before and 6 months after surgery which did not involve the urethrovesical junction. Twenty-four patients with primary bladder instability had similar evaluations and served as a second control group. Anatomical landmarks indicating support to the urethrovesical junction were evaluated by the position of the urethra at the most dependent point in the bladder on straining and the urethral descent on straining to beneath the posterior ramus of the symphysis pubis on bead chain cystography. The urethrovesical junction drop on straining was evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography. Cystographic and ultrasonographic tests for the position of the urethrovesical junction at the most dependent position in the bladder during straining were very sensitive in women with stress urinary incontinence (94 and 87% respectively) but much less specific (45 and 48% respectively). When evaluating anatomical support to the urethrovesical junction and its descent on straining, these tests were both highly sensitive (97 and 94% respectively) and specific (76 and 96% respectively) in women with genuine stress urinary incontinence. Simple clinical tests for support of the urethrovesical junction, such as the Q tip test, are non-specific in patients with stress urinary incontinence. Transrectal ultrasonography is a simple and quick out-patient procedure. The availability of ultrasound equipment in most clinics and the high sensitivity and specificity of the test make it an attractive and cost-effective alternative to X-ray cystography in the pre-operative evaluation of anatomical support to the urethrovesical junction.

Adult↗