The metabolism of (-)-(S)-nicotine has been investigated following intratracheal administration to the recirculating perfused rabbit lung model. The metabolic products present in the perfusate were identified by co-chromatography (HPLC and GC) with authentic standards and quantified by HPLC. After the 180 min perfusion period, nicotine was found to be metabolically transformed to cotinine (33.7%), 3-hydroxycotinine (10.4%), cotinine-1-N-oxide (3.4%) and nicotine-1'-N-oxide (14.4%). Norcotinine, nornicotine, 3-pyridyl-4-oxo-N-methylbutyramide and an uncharacterised metabolite were also detected in low amounts. Following the perfusion experiment, part of the lung tissue was homogenised in the presence of [14C]-sodium cyanide. Subsequent analysis of the homogenates indicated the formation of 2'-cyanonicotine, 1'-cyanomethylnornicotine and the diastereoisomeric 5'-cyanonicotines.

Animals↗

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Adult↗

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[The clinical problem of hereditary hemorrhagic diseases developing prolonged bleeding time].

Thirty-two patients with hereditary hemorrhagic diseases and a platelet functional abnormality were set apart from our group of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic diseases, and their symptoms, signs and hematological examinations were collected; the initial events and the age of the patients when they were obsserved, the main hemorrhagic manifestations during their clinical course, the clinical severity of the disorders, the survival of the patients and the laboratory test for hemostasis useful to make the diagnosis, were evaluated. In reference to bleeding time, thirty patients had abnormal bleeding time, but the other two had normal bleeding time.

Adolescent↗

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[Megaloblastic anemia in the recovery of the malnourished child].

With the purpose of analyzing the evolution in weight before and after treatment of megaloblastic anemia with folic acid, we studied the clinical changes and the evolution in weight in 8 malnourished children who developed this type of anemia during their recovery. Seven out of the 8 cases were less than 20 months of age; 5 of them came from mothers who had had five or more pregnancies; in 7 a history of diarrhea of prolonged course was presented and 2 cases had been given sodium diphenylhydantoin. Increase in weight before treatment of anemia with folic acid was lesser than the one for the days following treatment in seven of the patients. Simultaneously, an important change in behavior was appreciated, without being possible to atribute this change or the increase in weight to a quantitative change favorable to the ingestion of proteins and calories.

Anemia, Macrocytic↗

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[Effectiveness of topical selective decontamination, without systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, in prevention of pulmonary infection in intensive care].

Forty-seven patients admitted in our general ICU and treated with Selective Digestive Decontamination (SDD) without any systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, were prospectively studied and compared with an historical group of 50 non treated subjects. The 2 groups were no different as to underlying disease, age, sex and prognostic index (SAPS). In the treated group was recorded an important and statistically significant reduction in the incidence of pneumonia and in the frequency of pulmonary infections caused by enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonceae. Gram-positive identification in tracheal aspirates was not significantly different in the two groups as well as the incidence of "early pneumonia". In the treated group, a sharp decrease of the total amount of fever-days through ICU stay was observed. The antibiotic consumption resulted to be an overall 28.3% lower in the group treated with, SDD with particular regard to broad-spectrum ones.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

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