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Biomedical subjects

A Belal

Publications and source records attributed to A Belal.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Pathology of endolymphatic hydrops.

The term 'endolymphatic hydrops' is not a definitive diagnosis since the condition occurs in a variety of otological disorders. Endolymphatic hydrops was found in 57 ears (9 per cent) of the 703 temporal bones in the collection of the Ear Research Institute, Los Angeles. These 57 ears included normal ears of two newborns, post-stapedectomy ears, and ears with the primary diagnosis of Menière's disease. Paget's disease, congenital syphilis, and chronic otitis media. The typical clinical picture of fluctuant hearing loss, pressure, tinnitus, and episodic vertigo occurred in about one-third of the cases with histologically documented hydrops. This symptom complex was common in cases with diffuse, bilateral, cochleo-saccular, or progressive hydrops. A reliable clinical test to determine the presence of endolymphatic hydrops is needed. Complete neurotologic evaluation is indicated in every case suspected of having hydrops to determine specific causes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Pathology of vascular sensorineural hearing impairment.

Circulatory disorders, which are well documented in most parts of the human body, are not well documented in the inner ear, although they are expected to occur. It has been previously shown that experimental occlusion of the labyrinthine artery in animals results in severe degenerative changes, fibrosis, and new bone formation in the cochlea. Accordingly, this paper presents presumptive evidence that depriving the human cochlea of its blood supply after surgical removal of an acoustic tumor results in severe degenerative changes that progress to total ossification of the cochlear spaces. This paper also discusses similar changes seen in temporal bones of two patients with sudden sensorineural hearing impairment. Based on these observations, the author concludes that occlusive arterial disease, whether thrombotic, embolic, or spastic, plays a role in some sudden sensorineural hearing losses. Cochlea ossification, detected by polytomography, suggests a vascular etiology of the hearing impairment. Treatment with vasodilator drugs and anticoagulants is justified in these cases until a better diagnostic protocol is developed to eliminate other causes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Histopathology of cryosurgery for Meniere's disease.

The histopathologic findings in the temporal bones of two patients who underwent a cryo-otic-perotic shunt procedure are reported. Morphologic changes in the inner ear were limited to the area of cryoprobe application on the promontory. The hook region of the cochlear duct showed severe atrophy of the spiral ligament, stria vascularis, and sensorineural structures. The ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal showed fibrosis in the perilymphatic space and ruptured membranous walls. No changes were found in the rest of the vestibular labyrinth or in the facial nerve. The long-term improvement in these patients' symptoms, i.e., eight years in one and four years in the other, could only be explained on the basis that endolymph and perilymph mix across intact, nonfunctioning membranes of the cochlear duct or through, presumably antemortem, ruptures of the posterior semicircular canal ampulla.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Dandy's syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Pressure sensation in Meniere's disease.

This article reports a case of Meniere's disease accompanied by a persistent feeling of pressure in the ear. The patient had undergone a series of surgical procedures to alleviate his symptoms. The pressure sensation was relieved only by translabyrinthine cochlear nerve section. The relationships of the result of translabyrinthine cochlear nerve section with the mechanism and pathway of the pressure sensation are discussed. Cochlear nerve section is recommended at the same time as vestibular nerve section for patients with unilateral Meniere's disease with severe pressure sensation in the ear.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effects of vascular occlusion on the human inner ear.

Occlusion of the anterior vestibular artery has resulted in severe degeneration and new bone formation limited to the utricle, saccule, and superior and lateral semicircular canals. Depriving the inner ear of its main blood supply, i.e. the internal auditory artery, has resulted in severe degeneration and ossification of the entire membranous labyrinth, except the endolymphatic duct and sac. A more severe cochlear sclerosis was seen when both arterial and venous blood supplies to the cochlea were occluded. The implications of these findings on the etiology and management of inner ear disorders are emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A review of the radiological anatomy of the round window.

Experimental studies on dried temporal bones in various projections combined with studies of the anatomical details marked with metal wires and/or barium paste have been performed to define the round window and its anatomical relation to surrounding structures. The exact plane of the round window was not found to be tomographically demonstrable and the term to describe the dehiscence in the lateral wall of the promontory below and posterior to that of the oval window should be the niche of the round window. Previous radiologically described pathological changes at the round window should be reviewed.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1979

Middle fossa vestibular nerve section. A histopathological report.

A patient with Meniere's disease underwent a middle fossa superior and inferior vestibular nerve section with excision of Scarpa's ganglia. Studies of this patient's temporal bone, conducted two and one-half years post-operatively, showed normal cochlear and facial nerves. The internal auditory canal showed fibrosis and new periosteal bone formation. There was complete denervation of the vestibular labyrinth except for the posterior semicircular canal crista. Fibrous and osteoid tissue filled the superior and lateral semicircular canals. In this case, these severe degenerative changes, presumably associated with biochemical changes in the vestibular labyrinth, altered the natural course of Meniere's disease. Vertigo was completely relieved, tinnitus improved, and hearing thresholds stabilized during the course of post-operative follow-up.

Ear↗
PubMed1979

Histopathology of Endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt surgery for Meniere's disease.

The histopathological findings in the temporal bones of three patients who underwent endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt operation for Meniere's disease are reported. The postoperative follow-up period varied from three to five years. Two patients had a successful operation; the third was unsuccessful. The continuity between th mesothelial lining of the endolymphatic sac and the subarachnoid space was demonstrated in one case; no definite conclusions could be made for the other two cases. Although failure of shunt surgery was presumably due to fibrosis in the shunt area in the reported case, the human endolymphatic sac seemed to be more resistant to surgical trauma than the sac of the experimental animals.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Experimental scleroma. A histopathological study.

Klebsilla rhinoscleromatis suspension was experimentally inoculated into the nose and maxillary sinus of eight adult healthy rabbits. Two normal litter-mates served as controls. The animals were killed at varying intervals up to five months following the inoculation. Histopathological examination of the upper and lower respiratory tracts revealed a consistent pulmonary peribronchial and perivascular granulomatous reaction with a Mikulic cell-like appearance. The reaction was present in all the inoculated rabbits and increased in severity as the survival period was prolonged. The significance of these findings in the aetiopathogenesis of scleroma and to scleroma in humans is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The nasal: paranasal block technique. Preparation and uses.

A new technique for removing nasal: paranasal blocks at autopsy is described. The technique allows the removal of these cavities without disfigurement of the head after the brain has been removed. The importance of the technique in relation to training on endo-nasal micro-surgery, and histopathological study of nasal and paranasal disorders is emphasized.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1978

Effect of atherosclerosis and hypertension on arterial epistaxis.

Eye fundus examination in twenty cases of hypertensive nose bleeding was carried out to evaluate the effect of hypertension and atherosclerosis on epistaxis. Arteriolar attenuation, atherosclerosis and venous congestion were detected in most of the cases. None showed haemorrhages or exudates. Hypertension and atherosclerosis seem to maintain and increase the severity of epistaxis, once it has been initiated by other factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Surgical microscopy of the nose. New frontiers in nasal diagnosis and treatment.

The need for microscopic rhinoscopy is obvious to otolaryngologists who have used the operating microscope in otology and laryngology. It provides excellent exposure, brilliant illumination, magnification and the opportunity for bimanual instrumentation, teaching and documentation. The development of the procedure is discussed and the technique of using the method in endonasal diagnosis and surgery is illustrated.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1976

Dacryocystantrostomy. A preliminary report.

A new operative technique is described in which the lacrimal sac is drained into the maxillary sinus. The advantages of the procedure, especially of avoiding a facial incision, are emphasized. Five patients suffering from long-standing epiphora underwent surgery. Two patients had chronic dacryocystitis. Two other patients presented with a mucocele of the lacrimal sac. In the fifth patient, there was obstruction in the nasolacrimal duct. Short term follow-up results suggest its usefulness as a first line of surgical treatment in cases of epiphora due to obstruction in the lacrimal sac or the naso-lacrimal duct.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Effect of hyperbilirubinemia on the inner ear in Gunn rats.

The effect of hyperbilirubinemia on the inner ear was studied in fifteen jaundiced homozygous Gunn rats. Seven non-jaundiced heterozygous littermates served as controls. Histopathological examination of the temporal bone in these animals showed normal sensory and neuronal structures of the inner ear. This cannot be taken as conclusive evidence that a central, rather than a peripheral, lesion is the cause of hearing loss in hyperbilirubinemia.

Animals↗