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Biomedical subjects

A Beigel

Publications and source records attributed to A Beigel.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Tracheal transplantation. I. The immunogenic effect of rat tracheal transplants.

To clarify contradictory information in the literature about the immunogenic effect of the trachea, tracheal transplantations were performed orthotopically and heterotopically in two combinations of inbred rat strains. In all in vivo experiments it was possible to demonstrate a considerable systemic immunisation by transplantation antigens. There were no indications of even slight organospecific immunogenicity of the trachea. Thus, the trachea is subject to the same immunological laws for transplantation as all other tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Tracheal transplantation. III. Demonstration of transplantation antigens on the tracheal mucosa of inbred rat strains.

Tracheal transplants were performed on inbred strains of rats. Monoclonal antibodies were used in combination with the biotin-avidin technique for demonstrating donor-specific RT1 Ac transplantation antigen. Transplantation antigens were predominantly contained in the tracheal mucosal cells. No donor-specific antigens could be found in the mucosa of transplants which survived orthotopic tracheal transplantation for longer than 210 days. This suggests that the mucosa of the transplant is rejected and replaced by a mucosa from the recipient.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Less is more? Today's economics and its challenge to psychiatry.

Escalating costs of medical and psychiatric care have prompted a reevaluation of the health care delivery system and practice styles. There are several "procompetition" or market-based solutions that seek to make the consumer of care more price conscious and the provider of care more cost conscious. Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs), preferred provider organizations (PPOs), the growth of for-profit hospital systems, and the expansion of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) are reshaping the organization and financing of psychiatric care. Psychiatry's adaptation to the new medical economics must emphasize the quality of patient care.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1984

The paradoxical impact of a commitment statute on prediction of dangerousness.

Forty psychiatrists in Arizona were asked to rate the dangerousness to self or others of 16 patients described in case histories and to recommend an appropriate course of action. Half the psychiatrists were given the state defining dangerousness to use in responding. Psychiatrists who used the statute summary were less consistent in their predictions of dangerousness than were those who did not use it, especially when the patient had a history of violence. The concept of cognitive dissonance is used to partially explain this paradoxical finding.

Arizona↗
PubMed1984

Mental health care providers: not the only cause or only cure for rising costs.

The providers of mental health care have been the focus of blame for the increases in the cost of financing this care. The authors point out that the role of these providers cannot be isolated from the types of services they provide, where they are provided, to whom, and how much care is made available. They recommend that professionals and third-party payers work together on these variables and determine how best to contain the cost of the most appropriate mental health care.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1984

Tracheal transplantation. II. Influence of genetic difference and degree of sensitization on reactions to the tracheal transplant.

To determine what influence the extent of genetic difference and degree of presensitization exercise on reactions to tracheal transplants, orthotopic tracheal transplantations were performed in 189 rats. In groups with minor genetic differences (non-RT1-different combination) and major genetic differences (RT1-different combination), the survival rates were significantly lower in comparison with syngeneic controls. In both strain combinations, presensitization prior to orthotopic tracheal transplantation led to significantly lower survival rates. The survival times of the RT1-different strain combination were obviously shorter than those of the non-RT1-different strain combination. Therefore, the degree of histo-incompatibility and presensitization, detectable only and purposively variable in investigations on inbred strains, strongly influences the reactions to a tracheal transplant. Indications of an organospecific antigenicity of the tracheal transplant have not been found. Thus, the trachea is subject to the same immunological laws for transplantation as all other tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Papilloma inversum of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Clinical aspects and histology of 22 personal cases].

Report on 22 cases of inverted papilloma. The common site of origin of the tumours is the lateral nasal wall and with a few exceptions they are benign. They become dangerous if they invade the bony structures of the face skeleton, especially the hard palate and the orbit. The therapy of choice is lateral rhinotomy with an "en bloc" resection of the lateral wall of the nose and the ethmoid of the invaded side. In that case the prognosis is good. The classifications by Schneider and Skolnik only define the size of the tumour but do not give an indication of prognosis; they are, therefore, unnecessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The remedicalization of community mental health.

Although the number of full-time psychiatrists working in community mental health centers has generally declined, success in retaining psychiatrists varies throughout the country. According to one study, centers that were the most successful in retaining psychiatrists were those in which psychiatrists devoted more time to clinical care and were more directly involved in outpatient work. Facing accelerated competition from nonmedical providers, psychiatrists must reassess their position in community mental health. The author discusses strategies to remedicalize community services, such as specialized programs that offer training in forensic, geriatric, and child psychiatry.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1982

A typology for the classification of disasters: implications for intervention.

A model that can be used to plan for disaster intervention services is presented. The model, which is based upon an ability to classify disasters, presents four dichotomous categories for intervention: (1) psychotherapeutic vs. educational, (2) individual vs. systems, (3) prevention vs. treatment, and (4) direct vs. indirect. The article presents a rationale for determining which intervention, or combination, would be appropriate for any given disaster, based on its classification.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

[Wegener's granulomatosis: ocular manifestations, diagnosis and therapy].

As a chronic, focal, necrotizing granulomatous angiitis Wegener's granulomatosis mainly affects the upper respiratory tract, the lungs and kidneys. Various other organs may be affected including te eyes. Ocular manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis may result from granulomatous sinusitis that has proceeded into the orbit causing nasolacrimal duct obstruction and proptosis, and affecting eye muscles as well as the optic nerve. Another possible picture is presented by focal vasculitis in the form of conjunctivitis, episcleritis, scleritis, uveitis and granulomatous vasculitis of the retina and optic nerve. In 13 patients out of 26 examined the eyes were found to be involved. The etiology of Wegener's granulomatosis is unknown. The prognosis of this generally lethal disease could definitely be improved by early treatment with cyclophosphamide in combination with glucocorticosteroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Community mental health centers: a look ahead.

Community mental health centers are subject to a number of pressures that will affect the way centers operate in the years ahead. These influences include a reduction in federal appropriations, the use of block grants to the states, the administration's efforts at deregulation, and the continuing impact of deinstitutionalization. Because of these pressures, changes can be expected in the staffing patterns, catchment-area philosophy, numbers of service mergers and consolidations, degree of competition with the private sector the role of the states, use of state hospitals, consumer and citizen involvement, and kind and degree of professional advocacy. The author cautions that these trends may lead to decisions harmful to patient care unless careful planning is carried out. Centers of the future may well have to serve fewer clients while maintaining a highly professional staff, a wide range of services, and an increased responsibility for caring for the chronic mentally ill.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1981

A study of the causes of conflict between psychiatrists and psychologists.

Although there has been much discussion of the current professional conflicts between psychiatrists and psychologist, few studies have attempted to empirically evaluate how the professions view their roles and responsibilities within the mental health system. In this study a questionnaire was sent to psychiatrists, psychologist, social workers, and nurses in various mental health settings. They were asked to evaluate how large a role psychiatrists and psychologists played in 11 everyday activities, how competent the two professions were to perform the activity, and how much responsibility each should ideally have in carrying out the activity. The results showed that the two professions differ in their perceptions of their competence to perform several activities central to the mental health system. Based on the findings, the author suggest some ways to resolve the conflicts between the two professions.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1981

[Diagnosis and therapy of Wegener's granulomatosis. Demonstrated at 18 own cases (author's transl)].

Wegener's Granulomatosis is a rare disease of unknown etiology, becoming more and more of interest. 18 patients with histologically confirmed Wegener's Granulomatosis are described in this report. In majority the first symptoms were found in the upper respiratory tract. In 80% the biopsy ensuring the diagnosis was made by the otorlaryngologist. Early treatment with cyclophosphamide in combination with corticosteroids can improve the prognosis of this generally lethal disease.

Adult↗