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Biomedical subjects

A Baumelou

Publications and source records attributed to A Baumelou.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Cyclosporin A].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cyclosporins↗
PubMed1986

Acute effects of clometacin on renal prostaglandin biosynthesis in healthy subjects.

In 6 healthy subjects the effect of clometacin on renal function, sodium and water excretion, plasma renin activity and urinary excretion of prostaglandins has been studied. After four days of treatment with clometacin, the excretion of urinary prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha and 6 keto F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 were reduced by 61.2, 41.2, 59 and 42%, respectively. 62% reduction in plasma renin activity was also observed. There was no significant change in mean blood pressure, heart rate, body weight, creatinine clearance or urinary excretion of sodium. It is concluded that clometacin is an efficient cyclooxygenase inhibitor in healthy individuals with a normal sodium intake, and that caution is required when giving clometacin to patients at risk of developing renal failure during treatment with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis.

A 34-year-old woman with pulmonary and ganglionary sarcoidosis developed a nephritic syndrome. The renal biopsy demonstrated a type-1 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Clinical and histological remission of the renal disease following indomethacin treatment was associated with the remission of sarcoidosis. Prior reports have emphasized the association of a membranous glomerulonephritis with sarcoidosis. Temporal sequence of events and biological data suggest that hypocomplementemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis may be linked to sarcoidosis. The role of immune complexes in the pathogenesis of the 2 diseases is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Detection of drug-induced nephrotoxicity].

This is a report of a round table organized during the second meeting of Clinical Pharmacology held in Giens (France) in September 1985. At the beginning of the meeting, the clinical aspects of drug-induced nephrotoxicity were reviewed. Thus we tried to precise the real interest of the studies of proteinuria, urinary cytology, enzymuria and fractional clearances of lithium or magnesium. The most interesting part of our discussions was to know the point of view of men working in drugs companies when a renal abnormality is found during a clinical trial of a drug and when previous experimental studies did not find any renal adverse effects of the drug. It was suggested in a such situation to do particular studies. Methods generally used to study renal physiology as autoradiography micropuncture, microinjection had to be performed to localize the action of the drug along the nephron. It was also discussed of the use of isolated perfused kidney as a tool in drug disposition and the use of renal cells culture. A better understanding of the mechanisms of direct renal toxicity of drugs was obtained from the results of experimental models. It is not so easy, at the present time, to know the mechanisms of immunological drug-induced nephrotoxicity. It seems necessary to develop new experimental models. The results obtained in animals with Cl2Hg or D. Penicillamine or gold salts afford to suspect some mechanisms for these types of nephropathies. This aspect of drug induced nephropathy is more complex because there is a large interindividual variation in susceptibility to these drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics of ornidazole in patients with renal insufficiency; influence of haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

The pharmacokinetics of ornidazole (Tiberal) was studied after intravenous administration of a single 500 mg dose in eight patients with advanced chronic renal failure (ACRF) (creatinine clearance 2-16 ml/min), in seven patients treated by haemodialysis (residual renal creatinine clearance 0-5 ml/min) and in five patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (residual renal creatinine clearance 0-6 ml/min). In ACRF patients, the half-life of ornidazole was 10.8 +/- 1.4 h, the total plasma clearance 46.3 +/- 2.3 ml/min and the volume of distribution 0.73 +/- 0.06 l/kg. During haemodialysis, ornidazole was partly removed: the dialyser extraction ratio was 42 +/- 5% and the dialysis clearance 64 +/- 7 ml/min. During CAPD, peritoneal excretion was low: the dialysis clearance was 3.0 +/- 0.4 ml/min and in 48 h 6.0 +/- 1.1% of the administered dose was found in the peritoneal fluids. In these patients, the half-life of ornidazole was 11.8 +/- 0.8 h and total plasma clearance was 48.3 +/- 5.5 ml/min, values which were close to those determined in non dialysed patients. In patients with end-stage renal disease, the half-life of ornidazole is comparable to that of subjects with normal renal function. This is due to the predominantly extra-renal elimination of the drug. Therefore, there is no need to modify the usual dosage of ornidazole for these patients. Because of the large elimination of the drug during haemodialysis it is necessary to administer the drug after the dialysis session.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Diuretic effect and pharmacokinetic data observed at different stages of chronic renal failure with 240 mg of muzolimine.

Muzolimine (240 mg) was administered orally to 24 patients with chronic renal failure. In five patients with creatinine clearance ranging between 10 and 30 ml/min and five others with creatinine clearance lower than 10 ml/min, urinary output was measured in periods of 24 hours before, and 0 to 4, 4 to 10, 10 to 24, 24 to 48, 48 to 72 hours after administration of the drug. The amounts of sodium, chloride, potassium and urea excreted in each sample were determined. Our results show that the diuretic activity of muzolimine 240 mg in these patients is excellent, especially in the first four hours after its administration. Pharmacokinetic data observed in advanced renal failure (creatinine clearance between 10 and 30 ml/min) are similar to those observed in healthy subjects or patients with normal renal function. However, attention should be paid to possible accumulation of the drug in terminal renal failure (creatinine clearance lower than 10 ml/min) because a significant increase of the terminal half-life of the drug is observed in these patients. Dialysibility of the drug in haemodialysis and during chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is poor.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Intraperitoneal insulin in uraemic diabetics undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

The kinetics of absorption of intraperitoneally administered insulin were studied in nine uraemic insulin-dependent diabetics undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). In each of three studies 20 U of regular insulin was directly injected as a bolus into the peritoneal cavity through an indwelling Tenckhoff catheter. In two procedures the insulin injection was followed by the instillation of either 2 litres of 1.5% dextrose dialysates or 2 litres of 4.5% dextrose dialysate. In the third 20 ml of saline was used to flush the tubing. Plasma free insulin values rose more rapidly and reached significantly higher concentrations (55.6 +/- 18.8 mU/l) when the insulin had been injected into an empty peritoneal cavity than when it was followed by dialysate. These differences were observed despite the fact that most of the insulin injected was retained by the patients. Since the plasma insulin values did not differ after instillations of dialysate containing 1.5% and 4.5% dextrose, the osmolality of the dialysate seemed not to affect insulin absorption, and the dilution of the insulin probably delayed its transfer through the peritoneum. These findings suggest that insulin given intraperitoneally to patients undergoing CAPD will be most effective if it is given into an empty peritoneal cavity at least 30 minutes before the dialysate is instilled.

Blood Glucose↗