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Biomedical subjects

A Baumann

Publications and source records attributed to A Baumann.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetics of gestodene and ethinylestradiol in 14 women during three months of treatment with a new tri-step combination oral contraceptive: serum protein binding of gestodene and influence of treatment on free and total testosterone levels in the serum.

The pharmacokinetics of gestodene (GEST) and ethinylestradiol (EE2) were determined in 14 healthy women (age 18 to 32 years) during a treatment period of three months with a new tri-step combination oral contraceptive (Milvane). Prior to this treatment period, the same women received a single administration of a coated tablet containing 0.1 mg GEST together with 0.03 mg EE2. There was a wash-out phase of one week between both treatments. Following single dose administration, a mean terminal half-life of 18 h was observed for GEST. The total clearance was 0.9 ml x min-1 x kg-1 and the volume of distribution was 84 l. During a treatment cycle, GEST levels in the serum accumulated by a factor of 8 as compared to single dose administration. Steady-state drug levels were reached during the second half of each cycle. As compared to single dose administration, the following changes were observed for GEST at the end of treatment cycles one and three: prolonged terminal half-life (20 to 22 h), reduced total (0.16 ml x min-1 x kg-1) and free clearance (ca. 27 ml x min-1 x kg-1), reduced volume of distribution (ca. 18 l). A concomitant EE2-induced increase in the SHBG concentrations by a factor of three as compared to pretreatment values was observed during a treatment cycle and appeared to be mainly responsible for the changes in the pharmacokinetics of GEST. Marked changes were also seen for the serum protein binding of GEST. After single dose administration, the free fraction of GEST was 1.3% and the fractions bound to SHBG and albumin were 69.4% and 29.3%, respectively. At the end of cycle one, the free fraction was only 0.6% and the fractions bound to SHBG and albumin were 81.4% and 18.0%, respectively. There was no difference in corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters and in the serum protein binding of GEST at the end of cycles one and three. On the last day of treatment cycles one and three, the AUC(0-4h) values of EE2 were 299.2 and 278.1 pg x ml-1 x h, respectively, which corresponds to an about 30% increase as compared to single dose administration, where an AUC(0-4h) value of 216.1 pg x ml-1 x h was found. Total and free testosterone concentrations decreased during treatment cycles one and three by about 36% and 60%, respectively, compared with the corresponding values measured prior to treatment. The fraction of unbound testosterone thus decreased from 0.5% to 0.3% during treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The treatment of the fractured edentulous maxilla.

The results of a follow-up of 13 out of 21 patients treated for fractures of the edentulous maxilla are presented. They were treated alternatively with craniofacial suspension wiring and with miniplate osteosynthesis. Better results are achieved by miniplate osteosynthesis. Depending on the general condition of the patient, a treatment scheme can be recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A process-oriented approach. Selecting a nursing model for psychiatric nursing.

The nursing literature is replete with articles and books that describe nursing conceptual frameworks and models and encourage their use in clinical, education, and research activities. Although much information exists on the content of nursing models, less has been written about how a model is to be chosen and the process that may facilitate the choice of a model. This article reviews potential benefits and limitations of nursing models and conceptual frameworks and describes a three-phase process for selecting a model for psychiatric nursing practice.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1991

[The covalent binding of a potent beta-receptor blocker (B 24/76) on tissue proteins and collagen in the rat].

Toxic effects of drugs and their metabolism may be caused by covalent binding to cellular macromolecules. After oral application of the tritiated beta-blocker B 24/76 to male Wistar rats only the liver showed a significant irreversible binding to tissue proteins, with 11% of the radioactivity distributed in this organ. A covalent binding to collagen was found in liver, lung and muscle. The highest part was measured in the lung with 7% of the radioactivity distributed in this organ.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1991

ALS--decision making under uncertainty: a positive approach.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron disease. It is characterized by feelings of uncertainty and predictable crises points where difficult decisions have to be made by both the client and the family. These crises points involve progressive and sometimes sudden impairment in mobility, communication, nutrition and ultimately, respiratory function. This paper will use case analysis to illustrate the decisions that have to be made at each crisis point. A model will be presented that will focus on the nursing assessment of decision making behaviours of families experiencing the crisis of a debilitating illness. Emphasis will be on educating the client and family to anticipate what to expect and what decision making strategies they can use. In addition, recent literature will be presented that reviews nursing interventions designed to improve the quality of life of the client and family during these difficult time periods.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1991

[Results of surgical treatment of mechanical ileus of the small intestine].

Between 1982 and 1988 275 patients with obstruction of the small intestine were operated. The etiology of obstruction: adhesions 48%, malignancies 26%, strangulated hernias 8%. The duration of obstruction symptoms was 3.7 days prior to hospital admission and 1.9 days from admission to operation. 78% of patients had a history of previous laparotomies, in 73% there were serious accompanying diseases. Strangulation obstruction was found in 18% of patients. Operative procedures included small bowel resection in 30%, creation of stomata in 14%, and deviation anastomoses in 12%. Postoperative complications were mainly pulmonary. Median time of hospitalization was 24 days, hospital mortality amounted to 7.6%. A low mortality was encountered especially in strangulation obstruction and after resections. Reduction of surgery induced morbidity is primarily made responsible for the good results.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Structure and developmental expression of the D alpha 2 gene encoding a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein of Drosophila melanogaster.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) represent a heterogeneous group of excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the insect brain. We have characterized the D alpha 2 gene of Drosophila melanogaster, a new member of the nAChR gene family. The protein coding region is interrupted by six introns. The positions of three of these introns are shared with all other nAChR genes. The deduced D alpha 2 protein shows the structural features of ligand-binding nAChR alpha-subunits. Cytogenetically, the D alpha 2 gene maps at position 96A of the 3rd chromosome, close to the ALS gene which also encodes an alpha-like nAChR subunit. D alpha 2 transcripts are predominantly expressed in late embryos and in fly heads.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Expression of voltage-gated K+ channels in insulin-producing cells. Analysis by polymerase chain reaction.

We have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers against the S5 and S6 regions of voltage-gated K+ channels to identify 8 different specific amplification products using poly(A)+ RNA isolated from islets of Langerhans from obese hyperglycemic (ob/ob) mice and from the two insulin-producing cell lines HIT T15 and RINm5F. Sequence analysis suggests that they derive from mRNAs coding for a family of voltage-gated K+ channels; 5 of these have been recently identified in mammalian brain and 3 are novel. These hybridize in classes to different mRNAs which distribute differently to a number of tissues and cell lines including insulin-producing cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Enzyme activity of PGM1 in erythrocytes].

The enzyme activity of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) has been investigated in red cell haemolysates from 142 individuals and compared to the sub-type as determined by isoelectric focusing. The 10 phenotypes showed significant differences in PGM-activity which indicates that there is a correlation between the level of activity and the isolelectric point of homozygotes. No indication of silent alleles or alleles with reduced activity was found in this collective.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1990

Acute mastoiditis: clinical, microbiological, and therapeutic aspects.

The charts of 73 children (31 girls, 42 boys) aged 4 months to 14 years (mean 4.5 years) with acute mastoiditis managed during a 16-year period were reviewed. Of the patients 36% were less than 24 months old. Retro-auricular swelling was described in 63 of the 73 children, tenderness in 59, erythema in 58, and protrusion of the auricle in 45. A pathological tympanic membrane was noted in 33% of the patients and fever in only 29%. Apart from local inflammation, the most frequent complaints and symptoms were otalgia (n = 42), recent upper respiratory tract infections (n = 22), and fever alone (n = 22). A subperiosteal abscess was found in 36 patients, and CNS involvement in 5. Nearly half of the patients (48%) were on antibiotic therapy at admission. The isolation rates in bacterial cultures from subperiosteal aspirated (81%) and from mastoid mucosa (68%) were considerably higher than from blood cultures (14%) and were not influenced by previously administered antibiotics. Pneumococci (9/32) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (6/32) were the agents most often isolated. The incidence of the bacteria isolated from patients pre-treated with antibiotics differed from the incidence in patients not previously treated. In 24 patients (33%) the lesion healed with antibiotic therapy without mastoid surgery. Myringotomy and the insertion of a ventilation tube is indicated initially, if acute otitis media with effusion is found. In the absence of a subperiosteal abscess and of CNS involvement, a 48-hour trial of intravenous antibiotic therapy, directed also against staphylococci, is justified before mastoid surgery is considered.

Abscess↗
PubMed1990

The ageing family in crisis: assessment and decision-making models.

The purpose of this paper is to present a multidisciplinary model for use with elderly families in crisis and decision making. The application of systems in family assessment theory is outlined in order to understand the complexities of family assessment and decision making. A schematic family assessment and decision-making model is discussed. These models identify what the problem is, the family structure and supports, and possible interventions and evaluation. Ineffective processing strategies such as regression and premature closure are reviewed, and strategies for effective decision making are outlined.

Adaptation, Psychological↗