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Biomedical subjects

A Bauernfeind

Publications and source records attributed to A Bauernfeind.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comparative in-vitro activity of Sch 34343, imipenem, cefpirome and cefotaxime.

The in-vitro activity of Sch 34343 was compared with that of imipenem, cefpirome and cefotaxime against clinical isolates of important bacterial pathogens. Sch 34343 was very stable to changes in media, human serum concentration, pH and inoculum size. Enterobacteriaceae, including strains resistant to aminopenicillins and established cephalosporins, were susceptible to Sch 34343. In the case of Acinetobacter spp., imipenem was the only highly active antibiotic. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (and most other Pseudomonas spp.) were insensitive to Sch 34343. Activity against Haemophilus influenzae was greater than that of imipenem but less than that of cefotaxime and cefpirome. Sch 34343 activity against Gram-negative anaerobic rods was greater than that of cefoxitin and comparable to imipenem. All methicillin-sensitive staphylococci were inhibited by 1 mg/l of Sch 34343, 0.5 mg/l of imipenem, 2 mg/l of cefpirome and 8 mg/l of cefotaxime. Activity of all four against methicillin-resistant staphylococci was low. Streptococcus faecalis was inhibited by 16 mg/l of Sch 34343 and 2 mg/l of imipenem. The activity of Sch 34343 was not affected by a beta-lactamase inactivating third generation cephalosporins.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of penicillins at constant and variable concentrations.

Temocillin, the first beta-lactamase stable penicillin which is active against Gram-negative bacteria, was shown to be much more potent than ampicillin, piperacillin and mezlocillin against most species of Enterobacteriaceae. All isolates of Escherichia coli producing TEM 1, TEM 2 or OXA 1 beta-lactamases were sensitive to temocillin. When the prolonged kinetics of elimination of temocillin were simulated in an in vitro system, more rapid killing and less regrowth occurred as compared with penicillins with more rapid elimination.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1985

Biliary concentrations of temocillin.

Serum and bile concentrations of temocillin were measured after intravenous administration of 1g twice daily to 16 patients with biliary tract infections. The concentration of temocillin in the bile showed high inter-individual variations; however, in patients drug concentrations were attained which were considerably higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the biliary tract pathogens identified throughout the study period. All the patients admitted to the study were treated successfully by temocillin, with the tolerance of the drug being very good, and no side effects or drug-related deteriorations of laboratory data being reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Temocillin treatment of gynaecological infections with special reference to blood and tissue concentrations.

Tissue concentrations of temocillin were determined in samples from gynaecological surgical patients. Measurable concentrations of temocillin were observed during the entire time period investigated (up to 7 hours post administration). Inhibitory concentrations for the majority of susceptible bacteria were achieved. The therapeutic results observed in 40 patients with various infections (90% fully effective, 5% partially effective) confirm the high efficacy of temocillin in the treatment of gynaecological infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Pseudomonas septicemia after endoscopic interventions on the bile duct system].

In the first half of 1982 there was an increase in septicaemia cases, especially among patients with biliary-tract drainage. The septicaemia incidence rose from 1.25% to 4.4%. The proportion of Pseudomonas septicaemias was especially high: of 20 patients (21 episodes of septicaemia) nine had infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa alone, three a mixed septicaemia. In ten of these twelve patients there was impaired drainage by a malignant tumour. Three patients with a tumour stenosis died, mainly of the septicaemia. The cause of this increased incidence of Pseudomonas septicaemias lay in contamination of the instruments; it was in part sustained by the Endo-Washer. The connection between the septicaemia after endoscopic-retrograde cholangiography and recontamination of the endoscope was discovered after sero- and pyocin-typing of the Pseudomonas strains. By changing the methods of disinfection the Pseudomonas incidence among endoscopies fell. However, in individual samplings Pseudomonas can still be demonstrated on instruments as well as on the Endo-Washer.

Blood↗
PubMed1984

In-vitro activity of enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin and nalidixic acid.

The in-vitro activity of enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin and nalidixic acid was determined against 1499 Gram-negative and 279 Gram-positive isolates from different clinical institutions in the Federal Republic of Germany. 90% of all Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by 0.5 mg/l. Glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative rods and staphylococci were less sensitive to all 4-quinolones. All Gram-negative strains selected for resistance to nalidixic acid were significantly less sensitive to the new generation of 4-quinolones tested.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1984

Typing of Enterobacter spp. by bacteriocin susceptibility and its use in epidemiological analysis.

Most clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae are bacteriocinogenic and susceptible to bacteriocins. Both rapidly diffusing, nonsedimentable, protease-susceptible and slowly diffusing, sedimentable, protease-resistant bacteriocins are produced. A practicable system was devised for epidemiological typing of E. cloacae isolates by their patterns of susceptibility to bacteriocins. A set of eight bacteriocin-producing strains was grown on tryptic soy agar plates for 16 h. After removal of the producer lawn, the isolates to be typed were inoculated on the agar media by a multipoint inoculator. After a second 16-h period of incubation, the strains were classified into bacteriocin types according to the patterns of growth inhibition. Typability of 134 clinical isolates was 96.3%. Only 11 (8.2%) of the isolates fell into the largest group. Repeat testing of isolates from the same patients within 2 months gave identical bacteriocin types. Other species of Enterobacter (E. agglomerans and E. aerogenes) are also typable by this method.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1983

[Monotherapy of systematic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections with ceftazidime. The causes of therapeutic failures].

Ceftazidime, a new cephalosporin, is characterized by very good in-vitro action against P. aeruginosa. Nonetheless, clinical and (or) microbiological failure occurred in four patients with severe P. aeruginosa infections being treated with ceftazidime. Main cause infections being treated with ceftazidime. Main cause of the discrepancy between in-vitro and in-vivo results during treatment of three patients was a rapid drop in bacterial sensitivity. Superinfection with resistant microorganisms was excluded by the identity of the isolated bacteria in the different epidemiological markers before and during treatment. This rise in resistance was also demonstrated in-vitro by culturing clinically isolated material in ceftazidime-containing media: a 16-fold decrease in sensitivity was demonstrated within three subcultures. Increased beta-lactamase activity of the resistant strains makes it likely that enzymatic inactivation was part of the resistance mechanism. Good inducibility of beta-lactamases and absent resistance transfer argue for chromosomal localisation of the resistance. Because of the development of resistance, severe infections caused by P. aeruginosa should not be treated by ceftazidime alone. In order early to discover the development of resistance, microbiological samples should be taken periodically and examined for their sensitivity.

Ceftazidime↗
PubMed1983

Inactivation of cephalosporins by beta-lactamases of gram-negative rods.

Intracellular beta-lactamase activity of gram-negative rods (four Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, one strain each of Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus rettgeri, Providencia stuartii and Serratia marcescens) was greatly increased by subinhibitory concentrations of cefoxitin, with the exception of one P. aeruginosa strain. Cefotaxime, cefoperazone and ceftazidime were much less effective as enzyme inducers in these strains. A reduction in beta-lactamase activity after pre-incubation with cephalosporins was observed for particular strains and substances. Susceptibility to beta-lactamases decreased in the following sequence: cephalothin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoxitin. There was a good correlation between the degradation of cephalosporins in uninduced cells of Enterobacteriaceae and the minimal inhibitory concentrations except for cefoxitin.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1983

In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and nalidixic acid.

The in vitro antibacterial activity of the new quinoline derivative ciprofloxacin (BAY 0 9867) was evaluated in comparison to norfloxacin and nalidixic acid using 495 clinical strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The compound was highly active against Enterobacteriaceae, with MICs ranging from 0.008 mg/l to 4 mg/l, whereas the MICs of norfloxacin ranged from 0.03 mg/l to 16 mg/l. All strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were inhibited with a concentration of 2 mg/l ciprofloxacin and 32 mg/l norfloxacin. Ciprofloxacin was also active against gram-positive cocci. The MICs for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus faecalis ranged from 0.008 to 2.0 mg/l. The activity of ciprofloxacin was only slightly influenced by inoculum size, whereas an acid environment caused a noticeable decrease in the activity. Ciprofloxacin would seem to be a promising antibacterial agent for the treatment of urinary tract infection.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1983

Cefotetan: profile of in-vitro activity.

Cefotetan, a novel 7 alpha-methoxy cephalosporin, was shown to be comparable to other third-generation cephalosporins when tested in vitro against 1063 Gram-negative clinical isolates of 11 species. Ninety per cent of all isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus rettgeri, Providencia stuartii, Serratia marcescens and Citrobacter freundii were inhibited by concentrations of cefotetan between 0.07 and 3.2 mg/l. Activity against Gram-positive cocci was about equal to that of moxalactam. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter were resistant. Cefotetan inhibited about two-thirds of Enterobacter strains at 16 mg/l. beta-Lactamases of Enterobacter cloacae highly resistant to cefotetan inactivated this cephamycin. These strains were resistant to most other beta-lactams as well. Synergism between cefotetan and aminoglycosides was found in 8 out of 16 Gram-negatives.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1982

In vitro activity of teichomycin A 2 in comparison with penicillin and vancomycin against gram-positive cocci.

Teichomycin A2, a glycopeptide antibiotic from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, was tested for its in vitro activity against 190 gram-positive cocci under variable test conditions. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were fairly insensitive to both changes of inoculum size and pH, but were higher on agar than in broth. Teichomycin was about as active as vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus (both methicillin resistant and sensitive strains), slightly inferior to vancomycin against Staphylococcus epidermidis, and distinctly more active against Streptococcus faecalis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Bacteriocins as tools in analysis of nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae infections.

Epidemiological analysis of isolates from nosocomial infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae was improved by the use of bacteriocins in addition to capsular serotyping. Screening for bacteriocins produced by 77 reference strains for capsular serotyping identified 39 strains, and 8 of these strains were selected as a typing set. Using this set, we found that 241 to 259 (91%) nonepidemic clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae were inhibited by one or more of the eight producers. Of the most frequent bacteriocin type there were 31 examples (12%). High reproducibility of typing patterns (83.3%) and easy practicability of typing were achieved with a streak-and-point method avoiding the use of suspensions of bacteriocins and the risk of instability. The Klebsiella bacteriocins were active also on Enterobacter and Shigella species and on Escherichia coli strains, but were ineffective on other Enterobacteriacae.

Bacteriocins↗