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Biomedical subjects

A Barr

Publications and source records attributed to A Barr.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Which techniques should be used to screen blood donations for hepatitis B surface antigen?

Preservation of all donor sera already tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (C.I.E.P.) allowed C.I.E.P., reversed passive haemagglutination (R.P.H.A.), and radioimmunoassay (R.I.A.) to be evaluated as screening techniques. Out of 165 811 donors tested for the first time 207 were found by C.I.E.P. to be positive for HBsAf-a prevalence of 0-12%. At the next donation 10 of those apparently negative on first screening were HBsAg positive by C.I.E.P., and nine of these were shown by retesting with R.P.H.A. and R.I.A. to have been positive at the earlier donation. These nine false negatives caused four cases of transfusion-transmitted HBsAg-positive hepatitis. On comparative screening of 22 239 donations C.I.E.P. detected 27 sera positive for HBsAg, R.P.H.A. 39, and R.I.A. 41. Thus R.I.A. increased the detection rate by more than half over C.I.E.P. From these 14 further false-negative donations by C.I.E.P. six cases-one fatal-of HBsAg-positive hepatitis occurred. The number of false positive reactions when using R.P.H.A. or R.I.A. for screening was less than 1%. As many as 700 donations in one day have been tested by R.P.H.A. or R.I.A. R.P.H.A. is faster and less expensive than R.I.A., but R.I.A. is more objective. Either R.P.H.A. or R.I.A. should replace C.I.E.P. as the routine method of screening donor sera for HBsAg.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1975

Detection and quantitation of tetanus antitoxin in blood donations.

Passive haemagglutination and IEOP have been used both to detect and to measure tetanus antitoxin in human donor sera. Forty percent of blood donors had detectable antitoxin but only 9% had levels suitable for production of human antitetanus immuoglobulin (larger than or equal to 2 IU/ml). The incidence of high titre antitoxin was significantly greater in men and was unrelated to the ABO blood group system. The prevalence of antitoxin in selected donor groups and immunized staff is shown.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1974

Diphenylhydantoin: effects on calcium metabolism in the chick.

Rickets, hypocalcemia, decreased duodenal calcium transport, and reduction of calcium binding protein have been produced in chicks treated with diphenylhydantoin. These effects are directly related to diphenylhydantoin dose and inversely related to the intake of vitamin D(3) (cholecalciferol).

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and its antibody (HBAb) in hospital patients.

Sera from 5171 inpatients have been tested for HBAg and HBAb during the 18-month period ending in December 1972. The incidence of HBAg (0.116%) was similar to that in blood donors (0.119%) in the same area, being tested for the first time by the same technique. By contrast the incidence of HBAb in patients (0.271%) was significantly higher than in donors (0.103%). A possible mode of infection was identified in three of six HBAg-positive patients and in seven of 12 HBAb patients. None of the positive patients was regarded as ;high risk' when admitted to hospital. The study thus emphasizes the need to regard all specimens as potentially infective.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Total screening of blood donations for Australia (hepatitis associated) antigen and its antibody.

During a period of one year all of 105,724 blood donations were tested for Australia (Au) antigen and its antibody by rapid immunoelectro-osmophoresis-86 (1 in 1,229) were positive for antigen and 67 (1 in 1,578) positive for antibody. Second donations by previously negative donors reduce the overall incidence of positives. Men prisoners have a significantly higher incidence of Au antigen (1 in 153) than non-institutionalized men (1 in 803). The latter have a significantly higher incidence of antigen than women (1 in 2,019). Only one antigen-positive donor was incubating acute viral hepatitis. Failure to detect one strong and one weak antigen was responsible for two cases of posttransfusion Au-antigen-positive hepatitis.

Antibodies↗