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Biomedical subjects

A Barbaud

Publications and source records attributed to A Barbaud.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of dermatophytoses in children living in northeast France: a 5-year study.

Dermatologic fungal infections are thought to occur less frequently in children than in adults. This study, performed over a 5-year period, emphasizes the interregional variability of dermatophytes that cause skin and cutaneous apprendageal diseases in children. In northeast France, two-thirds of dermatophytoses are due to zoophilic fungi, while they are most commonly caused by anthropophilic agents in the Paris region and in other countries. The clinical features of pediatric dermatophytoses vary with the age of the child: tinea capitis and tinea corporis are far more frequent before the age of 12 years. After the age of 12, even if these are still quite frequent, tinea pedis and onychomycosis become more common.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contact urticaria from Emla cream.

We report the first case of immediate-type hypersensitivity caused by Emla cream. A 55-year-old woman, after using Emla cream, went on to develop urticaria. An open test was positive to Emla cream. Patch tests and prick tests were performed with Emla cream, the components of Emla cream (lidocaine, prilocaine and castor oil) and other local anaesthetics. The patch test with lidocaine and the prick test with Emla cream were both positive. An intradermal test and subcutaneous administration of 3 anaesthetics that had negative patch tests and prick tests were performed and well tolerated, allowing their use. In the literature, anaphylactic reactions to lidocaine injections, delayed-type hypersensitivity after lidocaine subcutaneous injections and contact dermatitis from Emla cream have all been described. This first case of contact urticaria from Emla cream was due to lidocaine and did not show any cross-reaction with other local anaesthetics.

Anesthetics, Combined↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Activated protein C resistance and cardiolipin antibodies in leg ulcers].

BACKGROUND: We conducted a prospective study to determine the prevalence of activated protein C resistance and anticardiolipin antibodies in leg ulcers, whatever venous, arterial or arteriovenous. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifteen patients hospitalized for leg ulcers, without antiphospholipid syndrome were included. The vascular abnormalities were studied by clinical examination, Doppler, duplex Doppler and, when required, arteriography. Activated protein C resistance was isolated by a "classic" test (normalized APTT ratio in PCa presence or absence) and by a "second generation test" (by preliminary dilution with deficient factor V plasma). All patients with abnormal results on the second test were screened for the factor V Leiden (by PCR amplication with use of restriction enzymes). Anticardiolipin antibodies were investigated with an ELISA method with Harris standards as reference, in which the positive threshold was established at 20 units. RESULTS: Among these 115 patients, 50 venous (43.5 p. 100), 23 arterial (20 p. 100), 42 arteriovenous (36.5 p. 100) leg ulcers were identified. Activated protein C resistance was isolated in 12 cases (10.4 p. 100) (heterozygous carriers): 7 venous ulcers, 3 arteriovenous, 2 arterial. Anticardiolipin antibodies were measured at significant level in 49 cases (42.6 p. 100): 21 venous ulcers, 18 arteriovenous, 10 arterial. DISCUSSION: In this study, there was no statistical difference between the activated protein C resistance prevalence in leg ulcers when compared with Lorraine population (p=0.27). Factor V Leiden or anticardiolipin antibodies abnormalities were isolated in 56 cases (48.7 p. 100) without statistical difference between the 3 types of ulcers. Finally, the pathophysiology of venous, arterial and arteriovenous leg ulcers remains complex, suggesting several coagulation perturbations.

Activated Protein C Resistance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lymphoma presenting as Sister Mary-Joseph's nodule].

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous metastasis of the umbilicus is generally associated with intra-abdominal adenocarcinoma, rarely with a malignant hemopathy. CASE REPORT: We report a case of lymphoma presenting as Sister Mary-Joseph's nodule, in a 79-year-old man. Histology evidenced small-cell lymphoma. DISCUSSION: Umbilical metastasis is uncommon, most of these lesions arising from gastric adenocarcinoma. Only two cases of lymphoma, associated with an umbilical metastasis have been reported. This case opens the discussion on the fact that the umbilicus is generally not a site of metastatic spread of lymphomas.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Frequency and relevance of positive patch tests to cyclohexylthiophthalimide, a new rubber allergen.

Cyclohexylthiophtalimide (CTP) is currently the most widely used vulcanization retarder in the rubber industry. Little is known about sensitization to CTP, although positive tests to it do occur in patients exposed to rubber objects. A retrospective study of 350 patients who were patch tested with the standard rubber chemical series was conducted in two departments of dermatology, one in Nancy, France, and one in Leuven, Belgium. Sixteen (4.6%) out of the 350 patients had clear and 6 (1.7%) had doubtful positive reactions to CTP. Cross-sensitivity with other molecules could not be determined. The source of sensitization in most cases seems to have been protective rubber gloves at work. In the other cases, sensitization was suspected to have been caused by rubber shoes, elastic bands in underwear, or other rubber objects. The determination of the relevance of positive tests remains difficult, especially since little is known about the components of rubber products.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of skin testing in the investigation of toxidermia: from pathophysiology to the results of skin testing].

Drug skin tests can be of value in investigating cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR). Guidelines have been recently published for drug skin tests to standardize the management of patients suffering from CADR in European dermatological departments. Three sorts of drug skin tests can be performed, each investigating specific immunological mechanisms: delayed cellular hypersensitivity with patch tests (PT), immediate hypersensitivity with prick tests and both immediate or delayed hypersensitivity with intradermal tests (IDT). The mechanisms involved in inducing CADR are not well elucidated. The results of the drug skin tests depend on the drug and the mechanisms i.e. the clinical features of the CADR. 164 patients developed a CADR that could be attributed to one drug. After a patch test and a negative prick and intradermal test, positive drug skin tests were nevertheless obtained in 72% of the cases. Some urticarias are due to an immediate IgE related hypersensitivity; in such cases prick tests and IDT performed with sequential dilutions can have immediate positive results. Vasculitis is related to circulating immune complexes and cannot be reproduced by skin tests. Delayed cellular hypersensitivity is involved in inducing maculopapular rashes, Baboon syndrome, localized or generalized eczema or acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. In such CADR, drug PT or delayed positive reactions on IDT occur in more than 50% of the patients. Diluted drug patch tests can be positive in investigating drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. As Stevens-Johnson and Lyell's syndromes are due to many both toxic and immunological mechanisms, drug skin tests are not of great value in investigating these severe CADR.

Drug Eruptions↗