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Biomedical subjects

A Baldini

Publications and source records attributed to A Baldini.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Psychopharmacological profile of dapiprazole, a new potential antipsychotic agent.

3-[2-[4-(2-Methylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine HCl (dapiprazole is a new compound endowed with a unique psychopharmacological profile. It inhibits amphetamine toxicity in grouped mice, and alcohol and morphine withdrawal syndromes, whereas it is almost inactive in the screening models for neuroleptics relying on dopaminergic activity. It also produces sedation, blocks conditioned avoidance reflex, reduces the response to noxious stimuli, has EEG synchronizing effects and inhibits the arousal reaction. Dapiprazole is a potent central and peripheral adrenolytic agent. Its acute toxicity is low. On the basis of these data, clinical investigations of dapiprazole are suggested in psychotic conditions such as the withdrawal syndromes, schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

General pharmacological properties of dapiprazole, a potential psychotropic agent.

A study of the general pharmacology of 3-[2-[4-(2-methylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-alpyridine HCl (dapiprazole), a new psychotropic agent, is reported. The predominant feature of this compound appears to be alpha-adrenergic blockade. This action has been observed both in vitro and in vivo. Dapiprazole also possesses antihistaminic and antiserotonin activities, although at relatively high doses. The antihistaminic action appears to be restricted to H1 receptors as suggested by the lack of activity on the guinea-pig atrium. Dapiprazole appears to be devoid of anticholinergic, local anaesthetic, antimicrobial and diuretic effects.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1982

Effects of dapiprazole on pupillary size and intraocular pressure in rabbits.

The effects of 3-[2-[4-(2-methylphenyl)-1- piperazinyl]ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine HCl (dapiprazole), a new drug with alpha-adrenergic blocking properties, on pupillary diameter and intraocular pressure have been studied in rabbits. Following i.v. administration, a reduction of intraocular pressure is observed at doses devoid of activity on pupillary diameter. Following topical application, a miotic and ocular hypertensive action was observed at the same doses; the hypotensive action is produced in both normal rabbits and in rabbits with water load- or corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension. Contact lenses increase the duration of effects of dapiprazole. These results suggest a potential interest of dapiprazole in glaucoma, with particular reference to the topical treatment of angle-closure glaucoma.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

[Reactive SH-groups in clinical practice. Methodological notes].

Experimental investigations have been performed in order to point out the extrinsic factors influencing the results of -SH group determination. It has been observed that the anticoagulants normally used to obtain plasma samples, influence the serum -SH groups; in particular, heparin increases and citrate depresses the levels; the most reproducible data were obtained in serum samples. In addition it has been shown that the exposure to light for 6-8 hours lowered the serum -SH groups, whereas darkness prevented these changes. Serum-SH groups were not influenced by the administration of non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, whereas D-Penicillamine and Tiopronin induced an increase of the -SH levels, ranging between 15-20%. The levels returned to the basal values within two hours from the drug intake. Following the methodological criteria here described it is possible to obtain a good information about the -SH group reserve, which free radicals generated in several diseases could consume. The practical usefulness of the serum -SH group determination in oxidative-peroxidative processes in discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Acute cardiovascular toxicity of trazodone, etoperidone and imipramine in rats.

The cardiovascular effects of trazodone, a broad-spectrum antidepressant and its analogue etoperidone, were compared with imipramine, following intravenous infusion in rats. Their effects on electrocardiogram and blood pressure were simultaneously recorded until cardiac arrest. Hypotension was the primary effect of trazodone and etoperidone. ECG changes, i.e. lengthening of the PR interval, were observed only when the blood pressure reached very low values. On the other hand, imipramine produced first the well known ECG changes and then a drop in blood pressure. As far as mortality was concerned, trazodone was the least toxic drug, followed by etoperidone, whereas imipramine was most toxic; these differences being in agreement with the LD50 values reported in rats by the i.v. route. It is concluded that trazodone and etoperidone produce in rats cardiovascular effects, which are different from those of imipramine. Moreover these differences are consistent with their pharmacological properties, particularly their interaction with catecholamines, which are inhibited by trazodone or etoperidone and potentiated by imipramine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronobiology of catecholamine excretion in normal and diabetic men.

The adrenomedullary response to stimuli is often elevated in poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetic patients, and it is controversial whether the adrenomedullary hyperactivity induces the suppression of the circadian rhythm of catecholamines. We have studied the urinary excretion of catecholamines in 11 diabetic patients during 48 h in 4-h collections. Eleven age and weight matched normal subjects served as controls. A circadian rhythm was detected for adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion both in normal and diabetic subjects, with the highest value for both catecholamines in the early afternoon. The mean daily adrenaline levels were significantly higher in diabetic than in control subjects (p less than 0.05). The dopamine excretion was correlated with noradrenaline excretion in normal subjects but did not show a definite circadian rhythm. We conclude that the adrenomedullary hyperactivity does not affect the rhythmic fluctuations of adrenaline and noradrenaline. The dopamine excretion does not show circadian variations and this probably reflects the absence of a single controlling oscillator.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine containing aluminum phosphate adjuvant administered at 2, 3 and 4 months of age.

The primary aim of this study was to assess the tolerability and immunogenicity of a new Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)/AlPO4 (CHIRON, SpA) vaccine, in two-month-old healthy infants. Twenty-three subjects were enrolled and administered the new Hib vaccine containing AlPO4 adjuvant at two, three and four months of age concomitantly with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) and hepatitis B vaccines according to the local program. Children were observed for 30 minutes after each immunization for any immediate local and systemic reactions. An active surveillance for side effects was performed on the 2nd and 7th days following each immunization by telephone. Families also filled out diaries for the first seven days. From the 2nd day to the next immunization only data about adverse events necessitating a physician's visit or about serious adverse events were collected. Blood samples were obtained before the first immunization and one month after the third dose for evaluation of anti-polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) antibody response. Local reactions at the Hib site were mild and less frequent compared to those observed at the DPT site. Systemic reactions noted after the three immunizations were fever in 70 percent, irritability in 48 percent, persistent crying in 26 percent, change in eating habits in 22 percent, diarrhea in 17 percent, sleepiness in 17 percent, vomiting in 9 percent, and unusual crying in 4 percent of the cases. There was no serious adverse event. One hundred percent and 95 percent of children achieved an anti-PRP antibody response over 0.15 microg/ml and 1.0 microg/ml, respectively. The geometric mean titer was 15 microg/ml and the geometric mean ratio 84. It was concluded that the new (Hib)/AlPO4 vaccine is safe and well tolerated, and induced a good PRP antibody response in healthy two-month-old infants.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗