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Biomedical subjects

A Bakke

Publications and source records attributed to A Bakke.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Normalization of bladder emptying in patients on clean intermittent catheterization].

CIC is an established treatment for various functional disturbances of the lower urinary tract (UT). Termination of CIC due to successful restoration of normal or near-normal spontaneous bladder emptying has been reported in individual cases but there have been no reports of it in larger series. In the present study, data for 1,702 patients on CIC were obtained with the help of an organised system of registration and follow-up of these patients, developed by Astra Tech AS, Norway. CIC could be terminated because of the restoration of satisfactory spontaneous bladder emptying in 13.2 per cent of the series as whole (n = 1702). The rate of improved bladder emptying was significantly higher among patients with lower UT lesions and bladder dysfunction of unknown aetiology than among patients with upper UT lesions and miscellaneous diagnoses (18.4 vs. 8.8 per cent, p < 0.001). The improvement almost always occurred during the first year, and was more common among women than among men (17.2 vs. 9.5 per cent). There was no difference in the frequency of catheterisation episodes between the group able to end treatment owing to normalisation of spontaneous bladder emptying and the group still on CIC. A possible explanation of why CIC results in satisfactory spontaneous bladder emptying is that the treatment reduces over-distension of the bladder wall.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Social functioning and general well-being in patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization.

Social role function, health perceptions and general well-being were studied longitudinally over 1 yr in 149 males and 153 females performing clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). The evaluation included urological assessments and self-rating instruments (Revised Physical Battery, General Health Questionnaire--28 items, State Anxiety Inventory and CIC Pain and Discomfort Scale). Twenty-six percent reported major improvement in their overall quality of life, while 7% reported a wish to be dead and away from it all. Females with infranuclear lesions and detrusor myopathies scored higher on unpleasant health perceptions, state anxiety and physical discomfort by performing CIC than males. In males, the social role function 1 yr later was predicted by initial anxiety and urinary tract infections, whereas in females by initial anxiety only. Discomfort by CIC was predicted by initial infection in males, and by none or moderate medical comorbidity, initial depression and infection in females.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Lymphokine mRNA expression in the spinal cords of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is associated with a host recruited CD45R hi/CD4+ population during recovery.

To evaluate CD4+ T cell subpopulations involved in the induction and recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the CD45R phenotype and lymphokine mRNA profile was evaluated for encephalitogenic CD4+ T cell lines in vitro and compared to CD4+ T cells isolated from the spinal cord of Lewis rats with EAE. All of the myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cell lines and clones that adoptively transferred EAE were > 90% CD4+ and > 90% CD45R lo. A time course of EAE disease progression was monitored as a function of the percentage of CD45R hi/CD4+ T cells isolated from the spinal cords of diseased animals. The majority of CD4+ T cells found in the central nervous system during the early phase of passive EAE were CD45R lo (the same as the encephalitogenic lines/clones). A large increase of the CD45R hi/CD4+ T cells (up to 45%) was observed during the peak and recovery phases of EAE. Lymphokine mRNA production was analyzed from antigen-stimulated MBP-specific lines, and from spinal cord lymphocytes isolated from rats with EAE. The BP-specific lines produced Th1 lymphokines (IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha), while the spinal cord lymphocytes produced the same Th1 lymphokines as well as IL-4 and IL-10. The CD45R hi/CD4+ T cells isolated from the spinal cords were larger and expressed more lymphokine RNA per cell than the CD45R lo/CD4+ T cells. The encephalitogenic cells (CD45R lo) were detected in the spinal cords of rats with a fluorescent dye and by allelic transfers and all of the CD45R hi/CD4+ T cells were found to be host recruited. Thus, it appears that the CD45R hi/CD4+ lymphocytes found in the spinal cord represent a host-recruited, activated cellular infiltrate that increased in number in the recovery phase of EAE and synthesized both Th1 and Th2 lymphokines.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Risk factors for bacteriuria and clinical urinary tract infection in patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization.

To study factors that may predict the occurrence of bacteriuria and clinical urinary tract infection, a total of 302 patients using clean intermittent catheterization was followed. Bacteriuria was found equally in men and women, while clinical urinary tract infection was significantly higher among women. Predictive factors of clinical urinary tract infection were low age and high mean catheterization volume in women. In men low age, neurogenic bladder dysfunction and nonself-catheterization were predictors in addition to urine leakage in patients with neurogenic dysfunction. Bacteriuria was a risk factor of future clinical infection and bacteriuria. No other risk factor of bacteriuria could be identified in the female population, while low frequency of catheterization, high age and nonself-catheterization were predictive in men. Patients using anti-infective agents had fewer episodes of bacteriuria but significantly more clinical urinary tract infections compared to nonusers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Clean intermittent catheterisation-performing abilities, aversive experiences and distress.

A total of 407 patients participated in a one year follow up study concerning their personal experiences and attitudes towards clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC). Most patients (90%) were able to perform CIC themselves, approximately 70% having no problems with the procedure. However, one third of the patients experienced CIC as aversive with significantly higher distress scores on the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Aversion and distress were more often reported by younger patients and females, and by patients with non neuropathic bladders. The patients' physical disabilities and their length of previous CIC experiences did not seem to influence the feelings of aversion. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering the psychological implications of CIC, and the emotional needs of these patients in order to improve compliance and quality of life.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Physical complications in patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization.

To characterize and quantify complications related to clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) 302 out-patients were followed for a mean period of 13 months. The main problems were minor bleeding in connection with the procedure and infections. Except for two patients with recurrent strictures, no serious urethral complications were detected. One or more episodes of cystopyelitis were experienced by 5.6% of the patients. Long term major problems of infectious origin affected only 2.6% while 24.5% had no signs of clinical infection during the follow-up period. UTI was more frequent in young patients, women, and men with supranuclear affection. Eight patients suffered from bladder stones and 1 patient from epididymitis. No serious radiological changes were detected in the upper urinary tract. No association was found between reported problems and changes in the patients' general condition, physical disability and length of previous CIC experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Clean intermittent catheterization--physical and psychological complications.

During a 6 months period in 1988, 407 patients (206 men and 201 women) with a mean age of 51.7 years, treated with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), were included in a one-year prospective follow-up study regarding physical and psychological complications and complaints related to the treatment. According to diagnoses and examinations, the patients were divided in 5 groups: supranuclear affections (106 patients), infranuclear affections (141), detrusor myopathy (136), infravesical obstruction (19) and suprapontine affections (5). Significant bacteriuria was found in 50.6% of all urine samples analyzed, with E. Coli as the dominant species. In urine samples from patients not using antiinfective agents, bacteriuria was found in 57.5% while the corresponding figures in patients using methenamine hippurate and antibiotics were 42.5% and 37.5% respectively. Bacteriuria was found equally in both sexes. The distribution of species was equal in CIC-treated patients and in other outpatients studied. Only minor differences were found regarding the drug resistance pattern. The prevalence of symptomatic urinary tract infections varied from 11.9% to 17.4% with a higher frequency in females and patients using antibiotics. During the observation period of one year 24.5% had no clinical UTI at all, 58.6% had minor symptoms, 14.3% had more comprehensive or frequent symptoms while 2.6% claimed major symptoms. Women had a higher clinical infection rate than men (p < 0.01). Bleeding in connection with the catheterization procedure varied from 10.7% to 13.6%. Traces of blood were detected in 22.8% of all urine samples analyzed with no differences between patients who claimed observing blood and those denying. No other major physical complications were detected in significant values or seriousness. Predictive factors of clinical UTI were low age and high mean catheterization volume in female patients. In male patients low age, neurogenic bladder dysfunction and non-self-catheterization were predictors in addition to urine leakage in those with neurogenic dysfunction. Bacteriuria was a risk factor of future clinical infection and bacteriuria. No other risk factor of bacteriuria could be identified in the female population, while low frequency of catheterization, high age and non-self-catheterization were found predictive in males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Clinical background of patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization in Norway.

This study reports on the use of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) in Norway in 1988/89. A total of 407 adult out-patients was studied. CIC was used in all age-groups and equally in both sex. The patients were divided into five diagnostic groups. There were twice as many patients suffering from neurogenic diseases as non-neurogenic ones. A neurourological index was constructed based on neurological examination and urodynamic data giving a good differentiation and expression of the bladder affection. It appeared that CIC could be performed even by highly disabled persons. A statistically significant correlation was found between the neuro-urological results in patients with decompensated bladder and their over all disability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of image analysis with flow cytometry for DNA content analysis in pigmented lesions of the skin.

The DNA ploidy of 85 melanocytic skin lesions was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and interactive image analysis (IA) using nuclear extracts of paraffin-embedded tissue. Of the 85 lesions analyzed, 43 were malignant melanomas in different stages of evolution, 15 were dysplastic nevi, 11 were Spitz nevi, and 16 were other types of nevi. Some of the last had features of congenital nevi. Within the melanoma category, there was 42% aneuploidy by FCM versus 56% by IA. Of those melanomas aneuploid by FCM, all but one were aneuploid by IA. All dysplastic nevi, 10/11 Spitz nevi and 15/16 other nevi were diploid by both methods. One of the 16 nevi from the "other types" category was tetraploid by IA but diploid by FCM. A single Spitz nevus was tetraploid by FCM but diploid by image analysis. While our results suggest that interactive IA is potentially a more sensitive method than FCM for detecting aneuploidy in cutaneous pigmented lesions, it remains to be shown whether this will translate into better prognostic assessment of the biologic behavior of melanocytic neoplasms than provided by flow cytometric ploidy analysis.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1991

Bacteriuria in patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization.

Bacteriuria has been studied in 407 patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) during 1 year. Significant bacteriuria was found in 50.6% of 1413 analyzed urine samples. Escherichia coli was the dominating species (54.8%). The relative distribution of species was different in males and females, but there were no differences between the CIC patients and a reference group of outpatients. On the other hand, a higher frequency of resistance among enterobacteria was found in samples from CIC patients compared to the reference group. The majority of CIC patients with bacteriuria had no symptoms, and bacteriuria per se does not seem to be an indication for treatment in most of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Maximal electrical stimulation in the treatment of unstable detrusor and urge incontinence.

Ninety-one patients with unstable detrusor and urge incontinence were treated with maximal electrical stimulation. There were 17 dropouts. From the remaining 74 patients 51 were subjectively cured or significantly improved, this effect lasted for more than 6 weeks in 40. Objectively a significant decrease in frequency was found, also a significant increase in bladder volume. No effect on detrusor pressure at bladder contraction was noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Urinary incontinence. A study of occurrence in the municipality of Sund].

The study describes the prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence, factors associated with incontinence, use of remedies and social consequences of incontinence among groups of the population in a small municipality in Western Norway. We sent a 35-item questionnaire by post to all men and women in Sund aged 44-45 and 74-75, total 145 persons. The answers were anonymous, and information was received from 88 persons (61%). 21% of the young males and 50% of the old males were incontinent. The corresponding figures for females were 31% for young and 27% for old females respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Synovial fluid lymphocytes in eosinophilic fasciitis.

Arthritis is an uncommon manifestation of eosinophilic fasciitis. We report a patient who developed arthritis of his left knee, followed 2 weeks later by skin lesions which evolved into histologically proven eosinophilic fasciitis. Synovianalysis on 2 occasions demonstrated a mildly inflammatory fluid with more than 90% lymphocytes. These lymphocytes were shown to be primarily activated suppressor/cytotoxic T cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The production and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies to a DNA receptor on human leukocytes.

Two murine mAb have been generated with a reactivity toward a 30,000 m.w. DNA binding protein found on the cell surface of human leukocytes; mAb 12A has an IgG1/k isotype, and mAb 24T has an IgG2b/k isotype. Both react with the DNA binding domain or adjacent region of the putative DNA receptor and inhibit the binding of [3H]DNA to PBMC at concentrations as low as 100 ng/ml. Stoichiometric studies indicate that both mAb react with monocytes and T cells with a kDa of 10(-7) M; about 0.5 x 10(6) molecules bind per cell at saturation. Flow cytometry indicated that 67% of lymphocytes and 98% of monocytes bore the DNA receptor. Dual labeling studies showed that 90% of B cells and 50% of T cells express the receptor; 50% of CD4+ T cells are receptor positive. Immunomatrices constructed with both mAb 12A and 24T allowed the receptor to be purified to a high degree of purity. A single protein of Mr 30,000 was readily observed after SDS-PAGE and silver staining of the gel; after electropheretic transfer of nitrocellulose this protein was shown to be a DNA binding molecule by use of a probe of biotin labeled DNA. These experiments provide further evidence to support the existence of a specific DNA receptor on human leukocytes; the availability of mAb to the receptor should be useful in its further characterization.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor measurement in primary renal cell carcinomas and autologous normal kidney tissue.

Recently it was reported that 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] inhibited cell growth in a cell line derived from a metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. We have examined samples from 23 primary renal cell carcinomas for 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor content, and compared it with the concentrations in autologous normal kidney tissue. Nineteen of 23 (83%) renal cell carcinomas had detectable (above 1 fmol/mg protein) 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor levels, and 15 of 23 (65%) had levels above 5 fmol/mg protein. Mean value for the renal cell carcinomas was 8.2 fmol/mg protein (range, 0-28 fmol/mg protein), and the mean value for autologous normal kidney tissue was 23.1 fmol/mg protein (range, 6.6-53.7 fmol/mg protein). The 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor levels in the renal cell carcinomas were significantly lower than in the autologous normal kidney tissue (P less than 0.001). The 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor was characterized by sucrose gradient analysis and DNA-cellulose chromatography. The features found for renal cell carcinoma were similar to the 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor in normal human tissue. No correlation of 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor levels to clinical parameters was found. This study shows that carcinomas originating from the kidney, the major vitamin D regulating organ, usually contain the 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor. The receptor may have a cellular function in the transformed cell.

Adult↗