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Biomedical subjects

A Bajaj

Publications and source records attributed to A Bajaj.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The effect of music on ketamine induced emergence phenomena.

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the influence of music on emergence phenomena after ketamine anaesthesia. Fifty ASA 1 patients undergoing minor gynaecological procedures were randomly divided into two equal groups. Patients in the treated group were played music of their choice through headphones from 5 min before induction of anaesthesia to 15 min postoperatively. Although the incidence of emergence phenomena was similar in both groups the effects tended to be more pleasant and acceptable in those to whom music was played. The majority of patients in the study group (80%) expressed their willingness to have a similar anaesthetic in the future compared to 52% in the control group (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Isosorbide dinitrate spray. Attenuation of cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation.

We evaluated the efficacy of isosorbide dinitrate buccal spray (Isomack) in attenuating the cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in 60 patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Patients were allocated to one of three groups of 20 patients each. Group 1 patients were administered placebo buccal spray 90 s before induction of anaesthesia. Groups 2 and 3 had isosorbide dinitrate spray 30 and 90 s before induction of anaesthesia. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures and heart rate were monitored. After the spray, group 3 patients had a significant decrease in systolic arterial pressure (p less than 0.01). At 1 min after intubation, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures showed a significant increase in group 1 patients (24.9 mmHg, 14.2 mmHg and 18.7 mmHg respectively). In contrast, groups 2 and 3 showed a significant decrease in these parameters (p less than 0.01). Although significant tachycardia was present following intubation in all the three groups, the degree of tachycardia was greater in groups 2 and 3 (p less than 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of morphologic and angiographic findings in long-term internal mammary artery and saphenous vein bypass grafts.

Internal mammary artery grafts are currently considered the conduits of choice for myocardial revascularization. Comparisons of long-term morphologic changes in internal mammary artery grafts and saphenous vein grafts and correlation with premortem angiography have not been reported. Eighteen internal mammary artery and 15 saphenous vein grafts that had been in place for 12 to 118 months (mean 56) in 18 patients were removed either surgically or at necropsy and examined histologically. Premortem angiograms were performed within 1 month of histologic study in 15 of these patients. Fibrointimal proliferation was more frequent in internal mammary artery than in saphenous vein grafts 8 [( 44%] of 18 versus 4 [27%] of 15; p = NS). In contrast, atherosclerosis was common in saphenous vein grafts but was extremely rare in internal mammary artery grafts (10 of 15 versus 1 of 18; p = 0.01). A good correlation was noted between the degree of narrowing estimated by angiographic and histologic measurements in both internal mammary artery grafts (d = 0.90) and saphenous vein grafts (d = 0.71). Accelerated atherosclerosis did not occur in internal mammary artery grafts, but was common in saphenous vein grafts. Fibrointimal proliferation was commonly associated with graft narrowing in internal mammary artery grafts and may be an important factor in late graft closure. This study also confirms that internal mammary artery grafts have greater longevity compared with saphenous vein grafts.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Preservation of endothelial cell structure and function by intracoronary perfluorochemical in a canine preparation of reperfusion.

To determine the effect of intracoronary perfluorochemical on endothelial cell structure and function, 16 dogs were randomized to receive either low-dose (15 ml/kg) intracoronary perfluorochemical (Fluosol-DA) or saline after 90 min of proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The animals underwent reperfusion for 60 min with the introduction of perfluorochemical or saline 5 to 10 min after the onset of reperfusion. Endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatory reserve was determined in vivo both at baseline and 1 hr after reperfusion by infusion of acetylcholine and then serotonin into the distal LAD bed in 12 animals (six in each group). Both agonists significantly increased regional flow measured by 133Xe washout in the two groups before occlusion, but at 1 hr after reperfusion only animals given perfluorochemical demonstrated a significant increase in flow. Vasodilatory reserve was assessed in vitro with cumulative dose-response curves to acetylcholine on LAD rings proximal and distal to the snare in all animals. These studies demonstrated a significant reduction in endothelial cell-mediated relaxation of epicardial arterial segments in the ischemic segment of control but not treated animals. Light microscopy revealed the presence of neutrophils within vessels in the ischemic zones in control animals only. Electron microscopy showed capillary obstruction by endothelial cell protrusions and neutrophil and red cell plugging in control animals in the ischemic region but an intact endothelium and predominantly unobstructed capillaries in treated animals. These findings suggest that the structural and functional endothelial damage after reperfusion may be prevented by the administration of intracoronary perfluorochemical after the onset of reperfusion.

Animals↗